Characterizing phosphorus removal from polluted urban river water by steel slags in a vertical flow constructed wetland

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2644-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Ge ◽  
Xiaochang C. Wang ◽  
Mawuli Dzakpasu ◽  
Yucong Zheng ◽  
Yaqian Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
P Removal

Phosphorus (P) removal in constructed wetlands (CWs) is often low unless special substrates with high sorption capacities are used. However, the use of special substrates in vertical flow (VF) CWs has not been proved to enhance P sorption. Thus, two VF wetlands were designed to evaluate the potential for enhanced P removal from polluted urban river water, one with slag as substrate and the other as a control with gravel as substrate. Findings from batch experiments showed P sorption capacities of 3.15 gP/kg and 0.81 gP/kg, respectively, for steel slag and gravel. Different organic matter fractions played different roles in P sorption, the effects of which were significant only at high concentrations. Over a 220 days' operation, the VF-slag removed 76.0% of the influent total phosphorus (TP) at 0.159 g/m2·d and PO4-P of 70.9% at 0.063 g/m2·d, whereas the VF-gravel removed 65.0% at 0.136 g/m2·d and 48.6% at 0.040 g/m2·d, respectively. Therefore, the merit of using a steel slag substrate in VF wetlands can be significant for the removal of PO4-P.

Comparative research on phosphorus removal by pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands using steel slag and modified steel slag as substrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupan Yun ◽  
Xiaoqin Zhou ◽  
Zifu Li ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
Xiaofeng Bai
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Set Up

This research mainly focused on the phosphorus removal performance of pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands with steel slag (SS) and modified steel slag (MSS). First, bench-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus adsorption capacity. Results showed that the Langmuir model could better describe the adsorption characteristics of the two materials; the maximum adsorption of MSS reached 12.7 mg/g, increasing by 34% compared to SS (9.5 mg/g). Moreover, pilot-scale constructed wetlands with SS and MSS were set up outdoors. Then, the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and phosphorus concentration in phosphorus removal for two wetlands were investigated. Results revealed that better performance of the two systems could be achieved with an HRT of 2 d and phosphorus concentration in the range of 3–4.5 mg/L; the system with MSS had a better removal efficiency than the one with SS in the same control operation. Finally, the study implied that MSS could be used as a promising substrate for wetlands to treat wastewater with a high phosphorus concentration. However, considering energy consumption, SS could be regarded as a better alternative for substrate when treating sewage with a low phosphorus concentration.

Comprehensive evaluation of substrates in vertical-flow constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmei Wu ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Zhenbin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation System

Substrates are the important component of constructed wetlands (CWs), which have an effect on construction cost, purification capability and stable operation, so that substrate optimization is the key part of CWs design. The comprehensive evaluation system, including four layers, eleven indicators and nine schemes, for substrates in vertical-flow CWs treating domestic wastewater was established based on analytic hierarchy process. Then combined with Delphi method and fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach, zeolite, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter material, gravel, steel slag, bio-ceramic and combination substrate (isopyknic layered anthracite, bio-ceramic and zeolite) were evaluated from the viewpoints of purification effect, practical performance and economic analysis. The results showed that phosphorus removal, nitrogen removal, chemical stability were the main factors of substrate selection. Combination substrate was the best scheme among nine substrates. Zeolite was ideal substrate for nitrogen removal and biocompatibility, while anthracite and steel slag were ideal substrates for phosphorus removal. The comprehensive evaluation system of substrates was beneficial to comprehensive compare all aspects of performance for different substrates, and could be improved according to the actual situation of engineering applications, so as to provide guidance of substrate selection for CWs design.

Nitrogen and biological phosphorus removal in submerged biofilters

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Gonçalves ◽  
F. N. Nogueira ◽  
L. Le Grand ◽  
F. Rogalla
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
New Process ◽  
Continuous Feed ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
P Removal

An operational procedure is presented which enables biological phosphorus removal to be performed using a set of five submerged high rate biofilters. The new process was developed using an upflow biofilter with floating filter media, originally conceived to perform nitrification and denitrification of wastewaters (Biostyr-ND). Anaerobic contact periods were introduced in the functioning periods of the biofilters under continuous feed, ensuring alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions (A/O) on the fixed biomass. The selection of phosphate-removing bacteria in the biofilm was verified by the efficiency of P removal (60 - 70%) and by the high concentrations of total P in the sludge removed from the system during backwash (≈ 3.4 % Pt/TSS). The activity of the autotrophic nitrifying bacteria was not affected by the alternating A/O conditions reached values close to 1 kg N-NH4/m3d. An improvement in the denitrification process was observed due to carbon storage during anaerobic contact.

Phosphorus removal by laboratory-scale unvegetated vertical-flow constructed wetland systems using anthracite, steel slag and related blends as substrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2719-2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junmei Wu ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Xiangling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
P Removal

This research aimed to investigate the phosphorus (P) removal of a series of laboratory-scale unvegetated vertical-flow constructed wetland systems using anthracite, steel slag and related blends as substrate in treatment of low concentration domestic sewage. The long-term performance of P removal was firstly studied by using single substrate of anthracite or steel slag, and three systems applying various combined substrates were investigated when the average P loading rate varied between 0.9 and 1.5 g TP/m2·d. The results demonstrated that both anthracite and steel slag systems were highly effective in removing total P (TP, 77.17 ± 23.34% and 90.26 ± 4.48%) and soluble reactive P (SRP, 92.14 ± 12.56% and 96.20 ± 2.58%). The system filled with anthracite, vermiculite and steel slag from the top down removed 82.45 ± 9.52% and 87.83 ± 8.58% of TP and SRP, respectively. However, other combined substrate systems showed comparative low and fluctuant P removal. The effluent pH was maintained at 7–9, which met environmental requirements of China. Therefore, anthracite provides a long-term high efficiency of P removal and may be a promising substrate from the standpoint of the effluent pH, and the arrangement of combined substrate has a prominent effect on P removal.

scholarly journals Performance of a Ditch-Style Phosphorus Removal Structure for Treating Agricultural Drainage Water with Aluminum-Treated Steel Slag

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak S. Shedekar ◽  
Chad J. Penn ◽  
Lindsay Pease ◽  
Kevin W. King ◽  
Margaret M. Kalcic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
P Removal

Several structural, treatment, and management approaches exist to minimize phosphorus (P) transport from agricultural landscapes (e.g., cover cropping and conservation tillage). However, many of these practices are designed to minimize particulate P transport and are not as effective in controlling dissolved P (DP) losses. Phosphorus removal structures employ a P sorption material (PSM) to trap DP from flowing water. These structures have been successful in treating surface runoff by utilizing aluminum (Al)-treated steel slag, but subsurface tile drainage has never been tested with this material. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and economics of a ditch-style P removal structure using Al-treated steel slag for treating agricultural subsurface drainage discharge. The structure treated subsurface drainage water from a 4.5 ha agricultural field with elevated soil test P levels. Overall, the structure removed approximately 27% and 50% of all DP and total P (TP) entering the structure, respectively (i.e., 2.4 and 9.4 kg DP and TP removal). After an initial period of strong DP removal, the discrete DP removal became highly variable. Flow-through analysis of slag samples showed that the slag used to construct the structure was coarser and less sorptive compared to the slag samples collected prior to construction that were used to design and size the structure. Results of this study highlight the importance of correctly designing the P removal structures using representative PSMs.

scholarly journals Performance of Field-Scale Phosphorus Removal Structures Utilizing Steel Slag for Treatment of Subsurface Drainage

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Penn ◽  
Stan Livingston ◽  
Vinayak Shedekar ◽  
Kevin King ◽  
Mark Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Induced Flow ◽  
P Removal

Reducing dissolved phosphorus (P) losses from legacy P soils to surface waters is necessary for preventing algal blooms. Phosphorus removal structures containing steel slag have shown success in treating surface runoff for dissolved P, but little is known about treating subsurface (tile) drainage. A ditch-style and subsurface P removal structure were constructed using steel slag in a bottom-up flow design for treating tile drainage. Nearly 97% of P was delivered during precipitation-induced flow events (as opposed to baseflow) with inflow P concentrations increasing with flow rate. Structures handled flow rates approximately 12 L s−1, and the subsurface and ditch structures removed 19.2 (55%) and 0.9 kg (37%) of the cumulative dissolved P load, respectively. Both structures underperformed relative to laboratory flow-through experiments and exhibited signs of flow inhibition with time. Dissolved P removal decreased dramatically when treated water pH decreased <8.5. Although slag has proven successful for treating surface runoff, we hypothesize that underperformance in this case was due to tile drainage bicarbonate consumption of slag calcium through the precipitation of calcium carbonate, thereby filling pore space, decreasing flow and pH, and preventing calcium phosphate precipitation. We do not recommend non-treated steel slag for removing dissolved P from tile drainage unless slag is replaced every 4–6 months.

scholarly journals Utilization of Steel Slag in Blind Inlets for Dissolved Phosphorus Removal

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Javier M. Gonzalez ◽  
Chad J. Penn ◽  
Stan J. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
P Removal ◽  
Blind Inlet

Blind inlets are implemented to promote obstruction-free surface drainage of field depressions as an alternative to tile risers for the removal of sediment and particulate phosphorus (P) through an aggregate bed. However, conventional limestone used in blind inlets does not remove dissolved P, which is a stronger eutrophication agent than particulate P. Steel slag has been suggested as an alternative to limestone in blind inlets for removing dissolved P. The objectives of this study were to construct a blind inlet with steel slag and evaluate its ability to remove dissolved P, nitrogen (N), and herbicides. A blind inlet was constructed with steel slag in late 2015; data from only 2018 are reported due to inflow sampling issues. The blind inlet removed at least 45% of the dissolved P load and was still effective after three years. The dissolved P removal efficiency was greater with higher inflow P concentrations. More than 70% of glyphosate and its metabolite, and dicamba were removed. Total N was removed in the form of organic N and ammonium, although N cycling processes within the blind inlet appeared to produce nitrate. Higher dissolved atrazine and organic carbon loads were measured in outflow than inflow, likely due to the deposition of sediment-bound particulate forms not measured in inflow, which then solubilized with time. At a cost similar to local aggregate, steel slag in blind inlets represents a simple update for improving dissolved P removal.

COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN THE MEZEN BAY AND ESTUARIES MEZEN AND KULOY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Демиденко ◽  
N. Demidenko
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sediment Dynamics ◽  
Estuarine Sediment ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sand Waves ◽  
Tidal Estuaries ◽  
High Concentrations

In the Mezen bay and estuaries Mezen and Kuloy can be high concentrations of mud suspension there, involving the formation at times mobile suspensions and settled mud. Within estuaries the river water is mixed with the sea water by the action of tidal motions, by waves on the sea surface and by the river discharge forcing its way to the sea. Nearly all shallow tidal estuaries, where currents exceed about 1,0m s-1 and where sand is present, have sand waves. Sand waves have a variety of cross-sectional and plan forms.

Full Scale Investigations on Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal – P-Release in the Anaerobic Reactor

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wedi ◽  
P. A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
P Release ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Most of the fundamental processes responsible for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were obtained through laboratory tests under defined conditions with pure or enriched cultures. Acinetobacter sp. was identified as the most important group of bacteria responsible for bio-P removal. Full scale data showed, however, that laboratory results do not match full scale results well enough. There is a lack of data on the effects of sub-optimal process conditions such as inadequate availability of volatile fatty acids (VFA), high nitrate recycle, storm water inflow or low temperatures. In this paper the results of full scale experiments on P-release are presented and compared with theoretical values. Measurements at a full scale Phoredox-system showed a surprisingly low P-release in the anaerobic reactor. Only 4 to 10% of the phosphorus in the activated sludge was released in the bulk liquid. With laboratory batch-tests, a maximum of 20% of the P in the sludge could be released. It is assumed that under the prevailing process conditions either the fraction of Acinetobacter sp. was very small, or bacteria other than Acinetobacter sp. were responsible for the P-removal, or most of the phosphorus was bound chemically but mediated by biological processes.

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal process implemented in membrane bioreactors to improve phosphorous recovery and recycling

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lesjean ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
C. Adam ◽  
M. Kraume ◽  
F. Luck
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
P Content ◽  
On Line ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was adapted to membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. One bench-scale plant (BSP, 200-250 L) and two pilot plants (PPs, 1,000-3,000 L each) were operated under several configurations, including pre-denitrification and post-denitrification without addition of carbon source, and two solid retention times (SRT) of 15 and 26 d. The trials showed that efficient Bio-P removal can be achieved with MBR systems, in both pre- and post-denitrification configurations. EBPR dynamics could be clearly demonstrated through batch-tests, on-line measurements, profile analyses, P-spiking trials, and mass balances. High P-removal performances were achieved even with high SRT of 26 d, as around 9 mgP/L could be reliably removed. After stabilisation, the sludge exhibited phosphorus contents of around 2.4%TS. When spiked with phosphorus (no P-limitation), P-content could increase up to 6%TS. The sludge is therefore well suited to agricultural reuse with important fertilising values. Theoretical calculations showed that increased sludge age should result in a greater P-content. This could not be clearly demonstrated by the trials. This effect should be all the more significant as the influent is low in suspended solids.

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