Removal of phthalates and pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater by graphene adsorption process

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2268-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon C. C. Yang ◽  
Pei-Ling Tang
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

In this work graphene was used for evaluation of its adsorption behavior and performance in removing phthalate esters and pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), acetaminophen (ACE), caffeine (CAF), cephalexin (CLX), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were emerging contaminants (ECs) with detection frequencies over 92% in a one-year monitoring of the occurrence of ECs in influent samples of a sewage treatment plant in Taiwan. Thus, these ECs were selected as the target contaminants for removal by graphene adsorption process. Experimental results showed that the adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Langmuir model equation. It was also found that the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. A graphene dosage of 0.1 g/L and adsorption time of 12 h were found to be the optimal operating conditions for the ECs of concern in model solutions in a preliminary study. By using the determined optimal operating conditions for removal of such ECs in actual municipal wastewater, removal efficiencies for various ECs were obtained and given as follows: (1) DnBP, 89%, (2) DEHP, 86%, (3) ACE, 43%, (4) CAF, 84%, (5) CLX, 81%, and (6) SMX, 34%.

Removal of micropollutants from municipal wastewater by graphene adsorption and simultaneous electrocoagulation/electrofiltration process

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1882-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon C. C. Yang ◽  
Pei-Ling Tang ◽  
Chia-Heng Yen
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Electrostatic Repulsion ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

In this work the optimal operating conditions for removing selected micropollutants (also known as emerging contaminants, ECs) from actual municipal wastewater by graphene adsorption (GA) and simultaneous electrocoagulation/electrofiltration (EC/EF) process, respectively, were first determined and evaluated. Then, performance and mechanisms for the removal of selected phthalates and pharmaceuticals from municipal wastewater simultaneously by the GA and EC/EF process were further assessed. ECs of concern included di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), acetaminophen (ACE), caffeine (CAF), cefalexin (CLX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). It was found that GA plus EC/EF process yielded the following removal efficiencies: DnBP, 89 ± 2%; DEHP, 85 ± 3%; ACE, 99 ± 2%; CAF, 94 ± 3%; CLX, 100 ± 0%; and SMX, 98 ± 2%. Carbon adsorption, size exclusion, electrostatic repulsion, electrocoagulation, and electrofiltration were considered as the main mechanisms for the removal of target ECs by the integrated process indicated above.

Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage by Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3393-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Yan Ming Yang ◽  
Yun Long Li ◽  
Jian Qiu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Average Percentage

The process technique and design parameters of project of Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant (short for SOESTP) which consists of anaerobic reactor, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands(CWs) and the combination of solar power and ozone disinfection are described, the paper further examines the removal efficiency for treating rural domestic sewage, running expense and recycling ability of product water. The results show that the average percentage removal values of CODcr，BOD5，SS，TN，NH3-N，TP range from 95.6% to 98.0%, 96.0% to 98.7%, 93.1% to 96.1%, 97.0% to 98.9%, 96.9% to 99.5%, 98.2% to 99.6%, respectively, the reduction of fecal coliform (FC) reaches 99.9%, the effluent quality meets the first level A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant（GB18918-2002）. The running cost of SOESTP is 0.063yuan/ m3, saves much more than traditional sewage treatment, and the ozone water obtained from the reservoir will be an ideal choice for disinfection .The system has characteristics of easy manipulation, low operating cost, achieving advanced water, energy conservation and environment protection, is thought to be very suitable for use as the promotion of rural small - scale sewage treatment.

Aquatic community metabolism response to municipal effluent inputs in rivers quantified using diel δ18O values of dissolved oxygen

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1232-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Wassenaar ◽  
J. J. Venkiteswaran ◽  
S. L. Schiff ◽  
G. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Aquatic Community ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Upstream Control ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

The spatial footprint over which municipal wastewater effluents cause changes to aquatic community structure and metabolism is key information required for the management of discharges into rivers. Longitudinal studies were undertaken on the Bow and South Saskatchewan rivers, Canada, to assess a new isotopic and modelling approach that combined O2 and δ18O-O2 diel (24 h) response curves to quantify changes in integrated community aquatic metabolism as a result of point-source wastewater inputs. Diel samplings were conducted over four seasons along 50 km transects at Calgary (Bow River) and Saskatoon (South Saskatchewan River). Diel O2 and δ18O-O2 cycles grew in magnitude downstream of effluent inputs in all seasons compared with upstream control sites. δ18O-O2 depletions clearly revealed the stimulating effect of effluent on aquatic photosynthesis. Diel isotopic mass balance modelling showed community metabolic responses to effluent inputs were most pronounced in the spring and summer when photosynthesis and respiration rates were about two- to three-fold higher than at upstream control sites. Our findings revealed that sewage treatment plant nutrient additions resulted in an enhanced metabolic footprint that extended beyond 50 km downstream.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Identification of Biogenic Sulphate Corrosion of Concrete in Sewage Treatment Plant Settling Tank Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-264
Author(s):  
Łukasz Krysiak ◽  
Paweł Falaciński ◽  
Łukasz Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Processes

Abstract One of the basic threats in terms of concrete used for tanks or ducts applied in wastewater management is the phenomenon of biogenic sulphate corrosion (BSC). BSC is a particular case of corrosion caused by the action of sulphuric acid (IV), which is formed as a result of a number of biochemical processes, which can take place, e.g. in an environment encountered within the aforementioned structures. Ions present in sulphuric acid react with cement hydration products, which leads to replacing the primary cement matrix components with compounds easily-soluble or highly-swelling during crystallization. The outcome of advanced corrosion is usually an observed formation of a white, amorphous, sponge-like mass, which is easily separated from the underlying concrete. The article discusses a case study of a BSC process in a newly constructed primary settling tank in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

Utilisation of Biogas From an Urban Sewage Treatment Plant in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lanzini ◽  
Pierluigi Leone ◽  
Massimo Santarelli
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Anode Degradation ◽  
Anode Supported Cell

A biogas coming from anaerobic digestion of urban sewage has been used to feed a SOFC planar anode-supported cell. The sewage is produced from the urban area of Torino (IT), and eventually collected and treated by SMAT (the municipal company managing the potable and waste water of the city). The biogas is produced by the thermophilic fermentation of the sludge which remains after the several treatments the sewage goes through in the above-mentioned plant. The biogas is of a high quality: it has on average a a methane content around 65% (the balance being essentially CO2), and the only significant impurity measured is H2S in a range of 70–80 ppm. The as-produced biogas has been used for feeding a planar Ni-YSZ anode-supported SOFC with a LSCF cathode. The biogas desulphurization was accomplished flowing the gas in a fixed-bed reactor, filled with activated. The fuel processing with POX has been assessed to avoid carbon deposition into the Ni-YSZ anode and convert the CH4 into H2 and CO. Short tests to check for eventual anode degradation were performed under typical operating conditions. The cell voltage was always stable under load with the tested mixtures. A cell electrical efficiency around 45% has been measured at 800°C and 80% FU. System simulations have performed as well to assess the whole system configuration under a biogas feeding. Optimization routines have been implemented to predict the best net AC efficiency achievable by a SOFC system running on biogas. Additional considerations on the management of poor LHV biogas mixture have been also assessed, showing how dry-reforming of CH4 with the CO2 already available in the biogas stream would be an excellent option needed to be investigated with further detail in the next future.

Occurrence and Elimination of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and Metabolites in Municipal Wastewater and Effluents

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing-Biu Lee ◽  
Thomas E. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylates ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
One Year ◽  
Final Effluent

Abstract A survey of the concentrations of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO) and their metabolites in wastewater samples collected from a Canadian sewage treatment plant using primary and secondary treatment is presented. Twenty-four-hour composite raw sewage, primary effluent and final effluent samples were collected monthly over a one-year period. Levels of NPnEO (n = 1 to 17) and their metabolites, nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenoxy carboxylic acids (NPnEC), in these samples were determined by HPLC and GC/MS methods. While ca. 85% of the total alkylphenolics in raw sewage are ethoxylates, the major component (nearly 80%) in the final effluent was in the form of carboxylic acids. During this study period, the median total alkylphenolic concentrations in raw sewage and final effluent were 526 and 248 nmol/L, respectively, representing an overall elimination rate of 53%. The estimated daily discharge of the nonylpheno-lics to the aquatic environment varied from 15 to 44 moles, with a median value of 20 moles. These data suggested that conventional sewage treatments are ineffective in the removal of the surfactant-derived metabolites.

Changes in Blood Chemistry and Blood Cell Morphology in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Following Exposure to Sublethal Levels of Total Residual Chlorine in Municipal Wastewater

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Buckley ◽  
Cecil M. Whitmore ◽  
Robert I. Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Hematological Effects

Yearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were exposed for 12 wk to either 0.3, 1.1, or 3.6% chlorinated municipal sewage treatment plant effluent with seawater diluent (average salinity 28‰)under continuous flow conditions. The maximum safe concentration of effluent lies between 0.3 and 1.1% (average total residual chlorine (TRCl2) content 0.003 and 0.009 mg/liter, respectively). Effluent concentrations of 0.3% produced no discernible effects on the fish. Concentrations of 1.1 and 3.6% (average content of TRCl2 0.030 mg/liter) resulted in reductions of hemoglobin and hematocrit to levels indicative of anemia. Observations of the erythrocytes revealed lysed and degenerating cells, increased numbers of circulating immature cells, and abnormal cells. These hematological effects are attributed to the oxidative nature of TRCl2.

Advanced Treatment Combination for Groundwater Recharge of Municipal Wastewater by Nanofiltration and Ozonation

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ernst ◽  
M. Jekel
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Sulfate Removal

This paper presents the results of research undertaken on an advanced treatment combination for polishing municipal wastewater with the purpose of a safe groundwater recharge. The results of a former study of DWQC initiated this research. It is envisaged that tertiary effluent is nanofiltrated to reject dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) to concentrations less than 2–3 mg DOC/L respectively <2 μg AOX/L. The brine will be given back in a recycling process to the sewage treatment plant after passing an oxidation step. To avoid rising scaling potentials and other negative impacts due to increasing salinity, the rejection characteristics of several NF-membranes were investigated. They show a strong dependence between DOC and sulfate removal. Biofouling on the membrane surface (Desal DK5) can be controlled by higher cross-flow velocities (CFV) of about 1 m/s, however, a suitable pre-treatment like slow sand filtration is required. High water conversion factors result in moderately higher biofouling. This shows that water quality is the main factor responsible for fouling and not the concentration of constituents. Ozonation experiments with the concentrate confirmed an enhanced biodegradability of refractory DOC. At a specific ozone consumption 1,7 mg O3/mg DOC0 the DOC reduction by micro-organisms (aerobic biotest) reaches its maximum after 14 days of biodegradation with a total reduction of 60%.

Engineering Research on ECOSUNIDE Technique for Nutrient Removal from Municipal Sewage

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3422-3427
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yan Qiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Class I ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Engineering Research

For engineering research, ECOSUNIDE technique was applied in a sewage treatment plant under low temperature and low carbon resource. The whole experimental system has being running steadily after reasonable adjustments of influent distribution, returned sludge ratio and DO. The effluent qualities meet the Class I-B Criteria Specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Effluent BOD5 and NH3-N meet the Class I-A Criteria. The results indicates that the treatment capacity could fluctuate within a range of ±3000 m3/d with DO properly controlled. In aerobic sections, the best DO was 2-3 mg/L. The optimal sludge emission amount could be attained through settlement ratio and sludge concentration with the present emission amount of sludge of 680 m3/d. It might be the restrictive factor that BOD/TN was less than 3 on TN removal which could not steadily achieve the Class I-A Criteria.

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