Changes in Blood Chemistry and Blood Cell Morphology in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Following Exposure to Sublethal Levels of Total Residual Chlorine in Municipal Wastewater

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Buckley ◽  
Cecil M. Whitmore ◽  
Robert I. Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Hematological Effects

Yearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were exposed for 12 wk to either 0.3, 1.1, or 3.6% chlorinated municipal sewage treatment plant effluent with seawater diluent (average salinity 28‰)under continuous flow conditions. The maximum safe concentration of effluent lies between 0.3 and 1.1% (average total residual chlorine (TRCl2) content 0.003 and 0.009 mg/liter, respectively). Effluent concentrations of 0.3% produced no discernible effects on the fish. Concentrations of 1.1 and 3.6% (average content of TRCl2 0.030 mg/liter) resulted in reductions of hemoglobin and hematocrit to levels indicative of anemia. Observations of the erythrocytes revealed lysed and degenerating cells, increased numbers of circulating immature cells, and abnormal cells. These hematological effects are attributed to the oxidative nature of TRCl2.

Engineering Research on ECOSUNIDE Technique for Nutrient Removal from Municipal Sewage

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3422-3427
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yan Qiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Class I ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Engineering Research

For engineering research, ECOSUNIDE technique was applied in a sewage treatment plant under low temperature and low carbon resource. The whole experimental system has being running steadily after reasonable adjustments of influent distribution, returned sludge ratio and DO. The effluent qualities meet the Class I-B Criteria Specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Effluent BOD5 and NH3-N meet the Class I-A Criteria. The results indicates that the treatment capacity could fluctuate within a range of ±3000 m3/d with DO properly controlled. In aerobic sections, the best DO was 2-3 mg/L. The optimal sludge emission amount could be attained through settlement ratio and sludge concentration with the present emission amount of sludge of 680 m3/d. It might be the restrictive factor that BOD/TN was less than 3 on TN removal which could not steadily achieve the Class I-A Criteria.

Status of construction and operation of large wastewater treatment plants in South Korea

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Kim ◽  
J.Y. Ryu ◽  
J.J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

The history of wastewater treatment in Korea began in 1976 with construction of Chongke sewage treatment plant in the city of Seoul. At present, there are 48 large municipal sewage treatment plants for 42 cities with a total treatment capacity of 7,841,000 m3/d. This indicates that the population receiving sewage treatment is 42% of the total national population. The government is planning to extend the population receiving wastewater treatment to 73% by the year 1997. It turned out that activated sludge processes are the most popular type (39 out of 48 plants) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The present lawful effluent criteria for BOD, COD, and SS from large municipal wastewater treatment plant are changing from 30 mg/l, 50 mg/l, and 70 mg/l, to 20 mg/l, 40 mg/l, and 20 mg/l, respectively, by the year 1996. Regulation of the total concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are also added as 60 mg/l and 8 mg/l, respectively. The enactment to control the nutrient concentrations in the lake and pond is inevitable for the protection of drinking water in South Korea.

The Possible Utilization of Waste Sludge as an Adsorbent for Removal of Organic Vapor

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Chiang ◽  
J. H. You
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
Organic Vapor ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant

In this investigation it was found that the waste sludge obtained from a municipal sewage treatment plant could be reclaimed as an adsorbent for removal of organic vapours, i.e. toluene, methyl-ethyl-ketone and 1-1-2-trichloroethylene, through use of a pyrolysis technique. In order to find the optimum manufacturing process, several tests were performed under various conditions in which the addition of a catalyst, temperature control, and residence time in the furnace, were considered as the three major factors. Both the reclaimed adsorbent and commercially available activated carbon were evaluated to determine their adsorption capacity at various influent concentrations of organic vapours.

Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage by Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3393-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Yan Ming Yang ◽  
Yun Long Li ◽  
Jian Qiu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Average Percentage

The process technique and design parameters of project of Solar Ozonic Ecological Sewage Treatment Plant (short for SOESTP) which consists of anaerobic reactor, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands(CWs) and the combination of solar power and ozone disinfection are described, the paper further examines the removal efficiency for treating rural domestic sewage, running expense and recycling ability of product water. The results show that the average percentage removal values of CODcr，BOD5，SS，TN，NH3-N，TP range from 95.6% to 98.0%, 96.0% to 98.7%, 93.1% to 96.1%, 97.0% to 98.9%, 96.9% to 99.5%, 98.2% to 99.6%, respectively, the reduction of fecal coliform (FC) reaches 99.9%, the effluent quality meets the first level A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant（GB18918-2002）. The running cost of SOESTP is 0.063yuan/ m3, saves much more than traditional sewage treatment, and the ozone water obtained from the reservoir will be an ideal choice for disinfection .The system has characteristics of easy manipulation, low operating cost, achieving advanced water, energy conservation and environment protection, is thought to be very suitable for use as the promotion of rural small - scale sewage treatment.

scholarly journals The effect of purified sewage discharge from a sewage treatment plant on the physicochemical state of water in the receiver

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Kanownik ◽  
Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec ◽  
Magdalena Wiśnios
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Physicochemical State

Abstract The paper presents changes in the contents of physicochemical indices of the Sudół stream water caused by a discharge of purified municipal sewage from a small mechanical-biological treatment plant with throughput of 300 m3·d−1 and a population equivalent (p.e.) – 1,250 people. The discharge of purified sewage caused a worsening of the stream water quality. Most of the studied indices values increased in water below the treatment plant. Almost a 100-fold increase in ammonium nitrogen, 17-fold increase in phosphate concentrations and 12-fold raise in BOD5 concentrations were registered. Due to high values of these indices, the water physicochemical state was below good. Statistical analysis revealed a considerable effect of the purified sewage discharge on the stream water physicochemical state. A statistically significant increase in 10 indices values (BOD5, COD-Mn, EC, TDS, Cl−, Na+, K+, PO43−, N-NH4+ and N-NO2) as well as significant decline in the degree of water saturation with oxygen were noted below the sewage treatment plant. On the other hand, no statistically significant differences between the water indices values were registered between the measurement points localised 150 and 1,000 m below the purified sewage discharge. It evidences a slow process of the stream water self-purification caused by an excessive loading with pollutants originating from the purified sewage discharge.

Assessment of Environmental Quality of Soil Fertilized Grapefruit Trees with Municipal Sewage Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2736-2741
Author(s):  
Yin An Ming ◽  
Tao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Limiting Factor

To reuse municipal sewage sludge safely, experiment was carried out on grapefruit trees fertilized with composted sludge from Shiweitou Sewage Treatment Plant in Xiamen City of China, and a method was introduced of how to assess the environmental quality of grapefruit trees soil fertilized with sludge by Set Pair Analysis (SPA) model. The results showed that the soil in the surface layer (0-15cm) and the deeper layer (15-30cm) was less clean, and the environment of soil was not polluted. Thus it was feasible to use sludge as fruit fertilizer. The maximum service life of sludge for continuous land application was estimated by taking Cd as the limiting factor, which would provide scientific guide and technical support for safe land application of sludge.

Aquatic community metabolism response to municipal effluent inputs in rivers quantified using diel δ18O values of dissolved oxygen

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1232-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Wassenaar ◽  
J. J. Venkiteswaran ◽  
S. L. Schiff ◽  
G. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Aquatic Community ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Upstream Control ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

The spatial footprint over which municipal wastewater effluents cause changes to aquatic community structure and metabolism is key information required for the management of discharges into rivers. Longitudinal studies were undertaken on the Bow and South Saskatchewan rivers, Canada, to assess a new isotopic and modelling approach that combined O2 and δ18O-O2 diel (24 h) response curves to quantify changes in integrated community aquatic metabolism as a result of point-source wastewater inputs. Diel samplings were conducted over four seasons along 50 km transects at Calgary (Bow River) and Saskatoon (South Saskatchewan River). Diel O2 and δ18O-O2 cycles grew in magnitude downstream of effluent inputs in all seasons compared with upstream control sites. δ18O-O2 depletions clearly revealed the stimulating effect of effluent on aquatic photosynthesis. Diel isotopic mass balance modelling showed community metabolic responses to effluent inputs were most pronounced in the spring and summer when photosynthesis and respiration rates were about two- to three-fold higher than at upstream control sites. Our findings revealed that sewage treatment plant nutrient additions resulted in an enhanced metabolic footprint that extended beyond 50 km downstream.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to Restore a Heavily Polluted, Shallow, Urban Lake?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3698
Author(s):  
Jolanta Grochowska ◽  
Renata Augustyniak ◽  
Michał Łopata ◽  
Renata Tandyrak
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Sediment Resuspension ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Phosphorus Inactivation

The research was carried out on Karczemne Lake, a water reservoir located in Kartuzy (northern Poland, Pomeranian Lake District). Monitoring of the water and bottom sediment of Karczemne Lake showed a very high level of contamination of the reservoir by a long-term inflow of untreated municipal sewage. The trophic status index of total phosphorus (TP) was unusually high at 101, and the TP content in the bottom sediments—31 mg g−1 (dry weight)—was the highest value recorded worldwide in a lake. Based on the monitoring results, to achieve constant improvement of the water quality, we recommend a completely new, safe and economically justified method of bottom sediment removal and management. A very important aspect of this method is the prevention of uncontrolled sewage discharge back into the lake basin. Removed sediment with interstitial water will be pumped through a pipeline and transported to a sewage treatment plant. In the sediment mining field in which the sludge will be removed, the first phase of phosphorus inactivation will be carried out to chemically precipitate pollutants distributed in the water column as a result of sediment resuspension. After the deepening of the entire lake basin, the method of phosphorus inactivation will be carried out on the entire surface of the lake as the next stage of restoration. A supporting activity will be biomanipulation. Before the restoration is started, the municipal sewerage system will be modernized.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

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