High strength distillery wastewater treatment by a PAC-MBR with low PAC dosage

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1104-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhankar Basu ◽  
Ankita Kaushik ◽  
P. Saranya ◽  
Vidya S. Batra ◽  
Malini Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
Distillery Wastewater

Augmentation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with activated carbon is established to offer several operational advantages. This work investigates the influence of low dosing (2 g/L) of powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different characteristics on the performance of MBR treating high strength molasses distillery wastewater containing difficult-to-biodegrade recalcitrant components. Two MBRs, augmented with different PACs, were operated in parallel over a period of 240 days and their performance monitored in terms of biomass growth, reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), sludge properties like extracellular polymeric substances content, filterability, and morphology. Removal of organics and coloring matter by adsorption, biodegradation and membrane filtration was estimated. Although adsorptive removal of color and COD is influenced by the properties of the PAC used, the performance of the PAC-MBRs was independent of PAC properties. Both PACs preferentially adsorbed the low molecular weight components in distillery wastewater. Retention by the membrane filter with the secondary cake layer contributed to reduction in color and COD of treated effluent. The findings indicate that low dosing with PAC adsorbing low molecular weight organics has a limited role in PAC-MBR treating distillery wastewater.

scholarly journals Investigating Lignin-Derived Monomers and Oligomers in Low-Molecular-Weight Fractions Separated from Depolymerized Black Liquor Retentate by Membrane Filtration

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2887
Author(s):  
Kena Li ◽  
Jens Prothmann ◽  
Margareta Sandahl ◽  
Sara Blomberg ◽  
Charlotta Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Complexity

Base-catalyzed depolymerization of black liquor retentate (BLR) from the kraft pulping process, followed by ultrafiltration, has been suggested as a means of obtaining low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds. The chemical complexity of BLR, which consists of a mixture of softwood and hardwood lignin that has undergone several kinds of treatment, leads to a complex mixture of LMW compounds, making the separation of components for the formation of value-added chemicals more difficult. Identifying the phenolic compounds in the LMW fractions obtained under different depolymerization conditions is essential for the upgrading process. In this study, a state-of-the-art nontargeted analysis method using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/HRMSn) combined with a Kendrick mass defect-based classification model was applied to analyze the monomers and oligomers in the LMW fractions separated from BLR samples depolymerized at 170–210 °C. The most common phenolic compound types were dimers, followed by monomers. A second round of depolymerization yielded low amounts of monomers and dimers, while a high number of trimers were formed, thought to be the result of repolymerization.

NOM and MIB, who wins in the competition for activated carbon adsorption sites?

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hepplewhite ◽  
G. Newcombe ◽  
D.R.U. Knappe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Microporous Carbons ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Competitive Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range

The adsorption of an odour compound common in drinking water, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), was studied on two activated carbons in the presence of 13 well-characterised natural organic matter (NOM) solutions. It was found that, although the carbons and the NOM solutions had a wide range of characteristics, the major competitive mechanism was the same in all cases. The low molecular weight NOM compounds were the most competitive, participating in a direct competition with the MIB molecule for adsorption sites. Equivalent background concentration (EBC) calculations indicated a relatively low concentration of directly competing compounds in the NOM. Some evidence of pore restriction was also seen, with microporous carbons most affected by low molecular weight NOM, and mesoporous carbons impacted by the higher molecular weight compounds.

Membrane filtration of kraft lignin: Structural charactristics and antioxidant activity of the low-molecular-weight fraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selda Aminzadeh ◽  
Maris Lauberts ◽  
Galina Dobele ◽  
Jevgenija Ponomarenko ◽  
Tuve Mattsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

Movements of Phosphorus Between its Biologically Important Forms in Lake Water

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1525-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. S. Lean
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Radioactive Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Kinetics Of

A model consistent with the kinetics of phosphorus in epilimnetic lake water was developed. Adding 32PO4 to lake water and separating the major forms of dissolved phosphorus by Sephadex gel filtration showed that the exchange mechanism between inorganic phosphate and the particulate fraction predominates. At the same time, a low-molecular-weight phosphorus compound is excreted which combines with colloids in lake water, releasing phosphate from the colloid and making the phosphate available for "transfer" again. This rapid cycling of phosphorus between the four principal forms — the particulate fraction, the low-molecular-weight P compound, colloidal P, and phosphate — appears to contribute to formation of colloids in lake water. No direct complexing of phosphate to the colloid was observed. Only in the presence of algae, bacteria, and other particulate matter did the radioactive phosphorus move to the low-molecular weight and the colloidal forms. The low-molecular-weight compound is negatively charged, as is the colloidal P, but to a lesser degree. Both are removed by anion exchange materials along with phosphate, but the rate that they move into the fraction removed by membrane filtration is different from that for phosphate. When filtrate is refiltered a large amount of the colloidal P is retained by the filter. This complicates measurements of transfer and makes previous studies on utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus of doubtful value since corrections for filter retention were rarely, if ever, made.

Melt spinning of high-strength fiber from low-molecular-weight polypropylene

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianchao Mao ◽  
Tom P. Wyatt ◽  
An-Ting Chien ◽  
Jinnan Chen ◽  
Donggang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Strength Fiber

Synthesis and Application of a Modifier to Enhance General Properties of the Polar Wood

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Jiang ◽  
Guo Feng Wu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Ping Qu ◽  
Jun Wen Pu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Resin Impregnation

A preparation method of modifier with low molecular weight and high reactivity is presented. This modifier （called KFK in lab）can impregnate into polar wood along trachea from the ends with pressurized impregnation method. In the following heating and pressing processes of the polar wood, the KFK polymerizes, and it enhances stability and strength of the wood. It showed that the favorable conditions for synthetic reaction of the KFK are: molar ratio of U and F, 1:1; reaction temperature, 20°C; reaction time, 3 hours; dosage of ignition primer A: 5%. Results from test showed the degree of crystallinity tested by XRD were 30%, 32% in different dosage of the modifier. Utilizing a combination of low molecular weight resin impregnation and pressing resulted in a density increase of KFK resin-treated wood from 0.214 to 0.268g/cm3. At the same time, the Young’s modulus and bending strength increased from 1.407GPa to 1.759GPa and 64MPa to 74.5MPa, respectively. It can be concluded that the effective utilization of KFK resin impregnated in polar wood is a promising technique for the production of high-strength in the drying and pressing processing.

Effect of Modified Diatomite Addition on Sludge Properties for Membrane Fouling Alleviation in Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 680-683
Author(s):  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Yan Ping Liu ◽  
Bao Zhen Wang ◽  
Ji Fu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Sludge Properties ◽  
Sludge Particle ◽  
Modified Diatomite

To alleviate the membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor, a kind of modified diatomite was used as anti-fouling agent to examine the effect on sludge properties in submerged membrane bioreactor for synthetic domestic wastewater treatment. Three submerged membrane bioreactor setups were operated under fixed membrane flux 21.9m3/m2·h, meanwhile, modified diatomite was added into each membrane bioreactor with dosage of 0mg/L, 1000mg/L and 2000mg/L respectively. Sludge particle size, extracellular polymeric substances and molecular weight distribution were characterized as the activated sludge properties in this study. The experiment results showed that with the increase of modified diatomite dosage, the number of sludge particle size less than 10μm was declined, however, the number between 10–20μm was increased correspondingly. Total extracellular polymeric substances and big molecular weight substances were decreased remarkably with modified diatomite addition dosage of 1000mg/L. The results indicated that addition of modified diatomite could effect of sludge properties in submerged membrane bioreactor. Therefore, membrane filtration performance could be improved by modified diatomite adding which alleviate membrane fouling directly.

Spot Experimental Study on Reuse Process for Oil Recovery Wastewater from Polymer Flooding

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Meng Ren ◽  
De Zhi Sun ◽  
Dian Qi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
New Type ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Uv Oxidation

Oil recovery wastewater from polymer flooding (ORWFP) is a new type industrial wastewater, which contains high molecular weight polyacrylimide. Large amount of ORWFP was discharged and ecological environment of oilfields was polluted. A reuse process with fabric filtration, O3/H2O2/UV oxidation and membrane filtration was used to treat ORWFP. Spot experimental results show that more than 70% oil and 80% SS are eliminated in fabric filtration unit. O3/H2O2/UV oxidation unit shows evident treatment effect on oil and PAM. COD removal in O3/H2O2/UV oxidation unit is relatively low, which indicates that most parts of PAM may be changed into low molecular weight ones and only a few are mineralized. Membrane filtration unit is effective for removals of oil, SS and particles. But the retention of PAM by the membrane is only 13.08%, which also indicates that most parts of PAM may be changed into low molecular weight ones. The water quality of ORWFP treated by the reuse process is improved evidently, which can live up to the requirement of oil recovery production.

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