Influence of seasonal temperature fluctuations on two different partial nitritation-anammox reactors treating mainstream municipal wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Lackner ◽  
Samuel Welker ◽  
Eva M. Gilbert ◽  
Harald Horn
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Anammox Activity

Partial nitritation-anammox (PN-A) has gained increasing interest for municipal wastewater treatment in recent years due to its high energy-saving potential. Moving the PN-A technology from side- to mainstream exhibited a set of challenges. Conditions are quite different, with much lower ammonium concentrations and temperatures. Biomass retention becomes highly important due to the even lower growth rates. This study compared two laboratory-scale reactors, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), employing realistic seasonal temperature variations over a 1-year period. The results revealed that both systems had to face decreasing ammonium conversion rates and nitrite accumulation at temperatures lower than 12°C. The SBR did not recover from the loss in anammox activity even when the temperature increased again. The MBBR only showed a short nitrite peak and recovered its initial ammonium turnover when the temperature rose back to >15°C. The SBR had higher biomass specific rates, indicating that suspended sludge is less diffusion-limited but also more susceptible to biomass wash-out. However, the MBBR showed the more stable performance also at low temperatures and managed to recover. Ex situ batch activity tests supported reactor operation data by providing additional insight with respect to specific biomass activities.

The impact of influent total ammonium nitrogen concentration on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inhibition in moving bed biofilm reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtech Kouba ◽  
Michael Catrysse ◽  
Hana Stryjova ◽  
Ivana Jonatova ◽  
Eveline I. P. Volcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Total Ammonium ◽  
The Impact

The application of nitrification–denitrification over nitrite (nitritation–denitritation) with municipal (i.e. diluted and cold (or low-temperature)) wastewater can substantially improve the energy balance of municipal wastewater treatment plants. For the accumulation of nitrite, it is crucial to inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) with simultaneous proliferation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). The present study describes the effect of the influent total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentration on AOB and NOB activity in two moving bed biofilm reactors operated as sequencing batch reactors (SBR) at 15 °C (SBR I) and 21 °C (SBR II). The reactors were fed with diluted reject water containing 600, 300, 150 and 75 mg TAN L−1. The only factor limiting NOB activity in these reactors was the high concentrations of free ammonia and/or free nitrous acid (FNA) during the SBR cycles. Nitrite accumulation was observed with influents containing 600, 300 and 150 mg TAN L−1 in SBR I and 600 and 300 in SBR II. Once nitrate production established in the reactors, the increase of influent TAN concentration up to the original 600 mg TAN L−1 did not limit NOB activity. This was due to the massive development of NOB clusters throughout the biofilm that were able to cope with faster formation of FNA. The results of the fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis preliminarily showed the stratification of bacteria in the biofilm.

Advanced nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal wastewater in a pilot-plant sequencing batch reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2371-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yang ◽  
X. H. Liu ◽  
Y. Z. Peng ◽  
S. Y. Wang ◽  
H. W. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Advanced Nitrogen Removal

To obtain economically sustainable wastewater treatment, advanced nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater and the feasibility of achieving and stabilizing short-cut nitrification and denitrification were investigated in a pilot-plant sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a working volume of 54 m3. Advanced nitrogen removal, from summer to winter, with effluent TN lower than 3 mg/L and nitrogen removal efficiency above 98% was successfully achieved in pulsed-feed SBR. Through long-term application of process control in pulsed-feed SBR, nitrite accumulation reached above 95% at normal temperature of 25°C. Even in winter, at the lowest temperature of 13°C, nitrite was still the end production of nitrification and nitrite accumulation was higher than 90%. On the basis of achieving advanced nitrogen removal, short-cut nitrification and denitrification was also successfully achieved. Compare to the pulse-feed SBR with fixed time control, the dosage of carbon source and energy consumption in pulsed-feed SBR with process control were saved about 30% and 15% respectively. In pulsed-feed SBR with process control, nitrogen removal efficiency was greatly improved. Moreover, consumption of power and carbon source was further saved.

scholarly journals Biomass segregation between biofilm and flocs improves the control of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in mainstream partial nitritation and anammox processes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Laureni ◽  
David G. Weissbrodt ◽  
Kris Villez ◽  
Orlane Robin ◽  
Nadieh de Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
List Type ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Actual Growth

AbstractThe control of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) challenges the implementation of partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) processes under mainstream conditions. The aim of the present study was to understand how operating conditions impact microbial competition and the control of NOB in hybrid PN/A systems, where biofilm and flocs coexist. A hybrid PN/A moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR; also referred to as integrated fixed film activated sludge or IFAS) was operated at 15 °C on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater (23 mgNH4-N·L−1). Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB were enriched primarily in the flocs, and anammox bacteria (AMX) in the biofilm. After decreasing the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) from 1.2 to 0.17 mgO2·L−1 - with all other operating conditions unchanged - washout of NOB from the flocs was observed. The activity of the minor NOB fraction remaining in the biofilm was suppressed at low DO. As a result, low effluent NO3− concentrations (0.5 mgN·L−1) were consistently achieved at aerobic nitrogen removal rates (80 mgN·L−1·d−1) comparable to those of conventional treatment plants. A simple dynamic mathematical model, assuming perfect biomass segregation with AOB and NOB in the flocs and AMX in the biofilm, was able to qualitatively reproduce the selective washout of NOB from the flocs in response to the decrease in DO-setpoint. Similarly, numerical simulations indicated that flocs removal is an effective operational strategy to achieve the selective washout of NOB. The direct competition for NO2− between NOB and AMX - the latter retained in the biofilm and acting as a “NO2-sink” - was identified by the model as key mechanism leading to a difference in the actual growth rates of AOB and NOB (i.e., μNOB < μAOB in flocs) and allowing for the selective NOB washout. Experimental results and model predictions demonstrate the increased operational flexibility, in terms of variables that can be easily controlled by operators, offered by hybrid systems as compared to solely biofilm systems for the control of NOB in mainstream PN/A applications.HighlightsHybrid PN/A systems provide increased operational flexibility for NOB controlAOB and NOB enrich primarily in the flocs, and AMX in the biofilm (“NO2-sink”)AMX use NO2− allowing to differentiate AOB and NOB growth ratesA decrease in DO or an increase in floc removal leads to selective NOB washout from flocsThe activity of the minor NOB fraction in the biofilm is suppressed at limiting DO

scholarly journals Start-up of a full-scale partial nitritation-anammox MBBR without inoculum at Klagshamn WWTP

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 2033-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Dimitrova ◽  
Agnieszka Dabrowska ◽  
Sara Ekström
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Start Up

Abstract Partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is a useful process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich centrate from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge. A one-stage PNA moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was started up without inoculum at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant, southern Sweden. The reactor was designed to treat up to 200 kgN d−1, and heated dilution water was used during start-up. The nitrogen removal was &gt;80% after 111 days of operation, and the nitrogen removal rate reached 1.8 gN m−2 d1 at 35 °C. The start-up period of the reactor was comparable to that of inoculated full-scale systems. The operating conditions of the system were found to be important, and online control of the free ammonia concentration played a crucial role. Ex situ batch activity tests were performed to evaluate process performance.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon sources, COD/NO2−-N ratios and temperature on the nitrogen removal performance of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1712-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Zheng ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yanzhuo Zhang ◽  
Wei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Partial Nitrification ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Coupling Process ◽  
Anammox Activity

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of carbon sources and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NO2−-N ratios on the anammox–denitrification coupling process of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm. Also, the anammox activities of the SNAD biofilm were investigated under different temperature. Kaldnes rings taken from the SNAD biofilm reactor were operated in batch tests to determine the nitrogen removal rates. As a result, with the carbon source of sodium acetate, the appropriate COD/NO2−-N ratios for the anammox–denitrification coupling process were 1 and 2. With the COD/NO2−-N ratios of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the corresponding NO2−-N consumption via anammox was 87.1%, 52.2%, 29.3%, 23.7% and 16.3%, respectively. However, with the carbon source of sodium propionate and glucose, the anammox bacteria was found to perform higher nitrite competitive ability than denitrifiers at the COD/NO2−-N ratio of 5. Also, the SNAD biofilm could perform anammox activity at 15 °C with the nitrogen removal rate of 0.071 kg total inorganic nitrogen per kg volatile suspended solids per day. These results indicated that the SNAD biofilm process might be feasible for the treatment of municipal wastewater at normal temperature.

Study on Achievement and Temperature Influence of Shortcut Nitrification in Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3389-3392
Author(s):  
Li Cheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Dang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jun Sui
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Start Up

The intermittent aeration strategy was applied to the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for the enhanced treatment of urban sewage. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria was cultivated by inoculation. After 25 days cultivation shortcut nitrification was successfully achieved and nitrite accumulation rate could be up to 93%. In the start-up phase of shortcut nitrification, intermittent aeration could increase production of nitrite and promote the enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria. It was concluded that temperature could affect nitrite accumulation. When temperature is in 25~35°C, the nitrite accumulation rate could be up to 90%.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal for Liquid-Ammonia Mercerization Wastewater via Partial Nitritation/Anammox Based on Zeolite Sequencing Batch Reactor

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Yongxing Chen ◽  
Songwei Zhou ◽  
Yuchen Chen ◽  
Xingxing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Partial Nitritation

Liquid-ammonia mercerization is commonly used to enhance the quality of cotton fabric in the textile industry, resulting in a large amount of liquid-ammonia mercerization wastewater (LMWW) containing high concentration of ammonia to be disposed of. This study proposes a partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process based on stable nitritation by a zeolite sequencing batch reactor (ZSBR) for the nitrogen removal of LMWW. The ZSBR could quickly achieve stably full nitritation with a nitrite accumulation ratio higher than 97% and an ammonia removal rate of 0.86 kg N·m−3·d−1 for the raw LMWW with an ammonia level of 1490 mg/L. In order to avoid anammox inhibition by free nitrous acid, the ZSBR was successfully changed to PN operation with diluted LMWW for effluent meeting anammox requirements. The next anammox reactor (an up-flow blanket filter (UBF)) realized a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 70.0% with a NLR (nitrogen loading rate) of 0.82 kg N·m−3·d−1 for LMWW. High-throughput sequencing analysis results indicated that Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia were the dominant bacteria in ZSBR and UBF, respectively. All results revealed that the PN/A process based on ZSBR as the PN pretreatment process was feasible for LMWW, facilitating cost-effective and low-carbon nitrogen removal for LMWW treatment in the textile industry in the future.

Determination of the inhibition of ammonia-N and urea-N oxidation by the fed-batch reactor (FBR) technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Ferhan Çeçen ◽  
Suna Ipek
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time

Nitrification of ammonium nitrogen and urea nitrogen was studied in a submerged biofilm reactor. The reactor was operated as a fed-batch reactor to which an excessive mass loading was applied. The increases in TKN, ammonium-N, NOx-N and NO2-N concentrations inside the reactor were investigated to assess inhibitory behaviour under non-steady state conditions. The maximum ammonium oxidation rate was about 60 mg NH4-N/h that corresponded to a surface removal rate of 8.5 g NH4-N/m2.d. The major factor for nitrite accumulation was the presence of free ammonia. In the oxidation of urea where the free ammonia concentrations were very small no nitrite accumulation was observed. Overall, the results showed that the fed-batch reactor technique could be applied to a nitrifying biofilm reactor to evaluate the effect of slug doses in a short time period.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal by a Nitritation-Anammox Bioreactor at Low Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2807-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziye Hu ◽  
Tommaso Lotti ◽  
Merle de Kreuk ◽  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Mark van Loosdrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

ABSTRACTCurrently, nitritation-anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bioreactors are designed to treat wastewaters with high ammonium concentrations at mesophilic temperatures (25 to 40°C). The implementation of this technology at ambient temperatures for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater following carbon removal may lead to more-sustainable technology with energy and cost savings. However, the application of nitritation-anammox bioreactors at low temperatures (characteristic of municipal wastewaters except in tropical and subtropical regions) has not yet been explored. To this end, a laboratory-scale (5-liter) nitritation-anammox sequencing batch reactor was adapted to 12°C in 10 days and operated for more than 300 days to investigate the feasibility of nitrogen removal from synthetic pretreated municipal wastewater by the combination of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox. The activities of both anammox and AOB were high enough to remove more than 90% of the supplied nitrogen. Multiple aspects, including the presence and activity of anammox, AOB, and aerobic nitrite oxidizers (NOB) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, were monitored to evaluate the stability of the bioreactor at 12°C. There was no nitrite accumulation throughout the operational period, indicating that anammox bacteria were active at 12°C and that AOB and anammox bacteria outcompeted NOB. Moreover, our results showed that sludge from wastewater treatment plants designed for treating high-ammonium-load wastewaters can be used as seeding sludge for wastewater treatment plants aimed at treating municipal wastewater that has a low temperature and low ammonium concentrations.

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