Enhanced nitrogen removal with an onsite aerobic cyclic biological treatment unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1831-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Babcock ◽  
Atiim Senthill ◽  
Krishna M. Lamichhane ◽  
Jessica Agsalda ◽  
Glen D. Lindbo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Class I ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Flow Through

Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA, Section 6217) necessitate the requirement that onsite wastewater disposal units located near impaired surface waters or groundwater to provide at least 50% nitrogen removal. Approximately 38% of Hawaii households use onsite systems including septic tanks and cesspools that cannot meet this requirement. Upgrades to aerobic treatment units (ATUs) are a possible compliance solution. In Hawaii, ATUs must meet National Sanitation Foundation Standard 40 (NSF40) Class I effluent criteria. Previously, a multi-chamber, flow-through, combined attached/suspended growth type ATU (OESIS-750) and presently, a sequencing batch type ATU (CBT 0.8KF-210) were evaluated for NSF40 compliance, nutrient removal capability (NSF245), and adaptability for water reuse (NSF350). Both units easily achieved the NSF40 Class I effluent criteria. While the OESIS-750 achieved only 19% nitrogen removal, the CBT unit achieved 81% nitrogen removal, meeting the NSF245 criteria and CZARA requirements for applications in critical wastewater disposal areas. In addition, the CBT consistently produced effluent with turbidity less than 2 NTU (NSF350) and UVT254 greater than 70%, facilitating the production of unrestricted-use recycled water.

Hydrogen-driven denitrification of wastewater in an anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor: potential for water reuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rezania ◽  
J.A. Oleszkiewicz ◽  
N. Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Delivery Unit ◽  
Final Effluent

An anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor was coupled with a novel hydrogen delivery system for hydrogenotrophic denitrification of municipal final effluent containing nitrate. The biological treatment unit and hydrogen delivery unit were proven successful in removing nitrate and delivering hydrogen, respectively. Complete hydrogen transfer resulted in reducing nitrate below detectable levels at a loading of 0.14 kg N m−3 d−1. The produced water met all drinking water guidelines except for color and organic carbon. However, the organic carbon was removed by 72% mostly by membrane rejection. To reduce the organic carbon and color of the effluent, post treatment of the produced water is required.

scholarly journals Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification using pure-culture bacteria for wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khanichaidecha ◽  
A. Nakaruk ◽  
K. Ratananikom ◽  
R. Eamrat ◽  
F. Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Term Operation

Abstract Due to the high water demand and unsustainable water resource, wastewater reclamation and wastewater treatment prior to discharge have become current important issues. Various treatment technologies, such as biological processes, have been improved as alternatives. In this study, the biological nitrogen removal system using pure-culture Bacillus licheniformis was developed and used as an internal treatment unit in an aquarium to improve the effluent quality for water reuse. The efficiencies for NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal and the quality of treated water verified the occurrence of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification; the nitrification rate was 0.84 mg/L-h and the denitrification rate was 0.62 mg/L-h. The maximal NH4-N and TN removal efficiencies were approximately 73% at the influent NH4-N of 30 mg/L. However, the other competitive heterotroph of Pseudomonas sp. was observed, which resulted in dramatically decreasing efficiencies and an enlarged ratio of carbon consumption and nitrogen removal. Although the overall performance of the B. licheniformis system was lower than the system using mixed-culture nitrifying and heterotrophic denitrifying microorganisms, the advantages of the B. licheniformis system were ease of operation and the fact that it is a land-limited treatment system. The research is ongoing to enhance performance and maintain excellent efficiency in a long-term operation.

Development of a Flow-through Biofilm Reactor for Anammox Startup and Operation: Nitrogen Removal and Metacommunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Jin ◽  
Jiali Xing ◽  
Zijian Chen ◽  
Yabing Meng ◽  
Fuqiang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Flow Through

scholarly journals Assessment of Mercury-Polluted Soils Adjacent to an Old Mercury-Fulminate Production Plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Camps Arbestain ◽  
L. Rodríguez-Lado ◽  
M. Bao ◽  
F. Macías
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Contamination Of Soils ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Mercury contamination of soils and vegetation close to an abandoned Hg-fulminate production plant was investigated. Maximum concentrations of Hg (>6.5 gkg−1soil) were found in the soils located in the area where the wastewater produced during the washing procedures carried out at the production plant used to be discharged. A few meters away from the discharge area, Hg concentrations decreased to levels ranging between 1 and 5 gkg−1, whereas about 0.5 ha of the surrounding soil to the NE (following the dominant surface flow direction) contained between 0.1 and 1 gkg−1. Mercury contamination of soils was attributed (in addition to spills from Hg containers) to (i) Hg volatilization with subsequent condensation in cooler areas of the production plant and in the surrounding forest stands, and (ii) movement of water either by lateral subsurface flow through the contaminated soils or by heavy runoff to surface waters.

Research on Nitrogen Removal Performance of Leachate Treatment of WSIP Reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 789-795
Author(s):  
Xiu Ju Duan ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Ya Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Biomass Retention ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

This thesis put forward the treatment concept of “without Biomass Retention Sequential Batch Intensified Pretreatment (WSIP)” in leachate treatment, for sake of improving performance of nitrogen removal, optimizing excess water’s nutritional ratio and benefitting the follow-up aerobic biological treatment. Based on orthogonal experiment of WSIP Reactor’s leachate treatment performance, Conclusions can be drew: the removal performance of ammonia nitrogen and TN is higher of WSIP, in which short-cut nitrification and denitrification can be realized; HRT, DO and sequential period are remarkable factors of ammonia removal performance, TN removal performance and realization of short-cut nitrification and denitrification; In normal temperature, the most perfect functional parameter of WSIP Reactor is: HRT=4d, DO=0.75mg/L and sequential period is 6h.

Water reclamation and reuse criteria in the U.S.

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Crook ◽  
Rao Y. Surampalli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The U.S

Increasing demands on water resources for domestic, commercial, industrial, and agricultural purposes have made water reclamation and reuse an attractive option for conserving and extending available water supplies. Also, many water reuse projects are implemented to eliminate a source of contamination in surface waters or as a least-cost alternative to meeting stringent discharge requirements. Reclaimed water applications range from pasture irrigation to augmentation of potable water supplies. Water reclamation and reuse criteria are principally directed at health protection. There are no federal regulations governing water reuse in the U.S.; hence, the regulatory burden rests with the individual states. This has resulted in differing standards among states that have developed criteria. This paper summarizes and compares the criteria from some states that have developed comprehensive regulations. Guidelines published by the US. EPA and the rationale behind them are presented for numerous types of reclaimed water applications.

The influence of hydrological pathways on the transport of the herbicide, isoproturon, through an underdrained clay soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Heppell ◽  
T. P. Burt ◽  
R. J. Williams ◽  
A. H. Haria
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Macropore Flow ◽  
Ephemeral Stream ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
High Concentrations

This paper reports the findings of a 12 month field monitoring programme at Wytham (Oxfordshire, UK), which examined the leaching of the phenylurea herbicide, isoproturon, from an agricultural clay hillslope to the adjacent ephemeral stream. Isoproturon was shown to reach the drains (at 50 cm depth) through a combination of vertical and lateral macropore flow through wormholes and inter-pedal cracks. Seasonal changes in hydrological response were also observed at the site, with lateral flow through inter-pedal cracks providing an important route by which herbicide was transported during autumn and early spring when the clay soils were wetting up. Concentrations of isoproturon in drainflow frequently exceeded the Environment Agency's (EA) non-statutory Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) of 20 μg/l for isoproturon in surface waters. Even under low intensity rainfall (< 1 mm/hr) the saturated region at the base of the hillslope was shown to conduct macropore flow containing significantly high concentrations of herbicide to the drain. The results of this study suggest that those regions close to surface waters which are areas of converging hydrological flow may be key contributors to the problem of isoproturon contamination of surface waters.

scholarly journals The Role of Filamentous Bacteria Streptomyces sp. in Reduction of Some Nutrients Concentrations in AL- Restomia Waste water Treatment Plant, Baghdad -Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Unit

The role of filamentous bacteria represented by Streptomycessp was studied as biological treatment for activated sludge AL- Restomia treatment unit in Baghdad city. The result shows reducing in phosphate concentration where apprise in started entrance the treatment unit 12.083 mg/L fast the unit stages reached to 8.426 mg /L where nitrate concentration apprises 3.59 mg/l and ending in 2.43 mg/L The concentration of ammonia apprises 1358 mg/L and reached to 140 mg/L. also the TDS concentration reduced from 1426 to 1203 mg/L where nutrient which represented (SO4, Mg, Ca, Na, K) reduced by range 30.883- 23.337 , 194- 121 , 440- 321 , 109.03- 101.53 and 16.85- 15.4mg/L respectively COD reduce from427.263- 82mg/L with absorbance0.018- 0.027 nm.

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