Impact of polymeric membrane filtration of oil sands process water on organic compounds quantification

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. A. Moustafa ◽  
Eun-Sik Kim ◽  
Alla Alpatova ◽  
Nian Sun ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Nylon Membrane ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The interaction between organic fractions in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) and three polymeric membranes with varying hydrophilicity (nylon, polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene) at different pHs was studied to evaluate the impact of filtration on the quantification of acid-extractable fraction (AEF) and naphthenic acids (NAs). Four functional groups predominated in OSPW (amine, phosphoryl, carboxyl and hydroxyl) as indicated by the linear programming method. The nylon membranes were the most hydrophilic and exhibited the lowest AEF removal at pH of 8.7. However, the adsorption of AEF on the membranes increased as the pH of OSPW decreased due to hydrophobic interactions between the membrane surfaces and the protonated molecules. The use of ultra pressure liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/HRMS) showed insignificant adsorption of NAs on the tested membranes at pH 8.7. However, 26 ± 2.4% adsorption of NAs was observed at pH 5.3 following the protonation of NAs species. For the nylon membrane, excessive carboxylic acids in the commercial NAs caused the formation of negatively charged assisted hydrogen bonds, resulting in increased adsorption at pH 8.2 (25%) as compared to OSPW (0%). The use of membranes for filtration of soluble compounds from complex oily wastewaters before quantification analysis of AEF and NAs should be examined prior to application.

Chemical Fate of Photodegraded Diluted Bitumen in Seawater

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2286-2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Yang ◽  
Bruce P. Hollebone ◽  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Carl E. Brown ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Fate ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT2017-336: Diluted bitumen (dilbit), an oil sands product, may present new response challenges differing from conventional crude oil in terms of its potential environmental impacts. Simple naphthenic acids (NAs), a complex group of monocarboxylic acids, with a general formula CnH2n+zO2, may be present in the source bitumen or may be created by photolytic weathering. Knowing the composition and concentrations of NAs created during the photo-degradation process of dilbit will help understand the fate, behavior and toxicity of dilbit. In the present study, two diluted bitumen products, Cold Lake Blend (CLB) and Access Western Blend (AWB), were mixed with saltwater and irradiated with natural solar light (Ottawa, Canada, 45.4°N) over winter and summer seasons, to assess the impact of sunlight on the chemical fate of the dilbit. For comparison, a light, sweet crude oil was exposed under similar conditions. The samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to examine the molecular transformation of diluted bitumen by solar irradiation. The abundances of NAs in all three test oils increased significantly after 90 days of solar irradiation, strongly suggesting that polar NAs were formed by photolysis. Further, greater increases in NAs in the light crude were found than in the two dilbits. Similarly, the lighter oil had higher photolytic removal rates of petroleum hydrocarbons than the two dilbits. The concentrations of NAs in oils exposed during the summer were generally higher than those exposed in winter. During summer exposure, the abundance of total NAs increased up to the 30-day’s solar exposure, then fell again, indicating the transient nature of these compounds. However, net increases in polar NA compounds were observed for all the winter exposed samples. Greater increases were observed in the smaller NA compounds (average C-number decreased), also accompanied by an increase in saturation (average z-number decreased). These chemical changes strongly indicate the effect of sunlight on the potential behaviour, fate and effects of spilled oil, with creation of new resin group compounds and reduction of aromatics and saturates. These changes may affect the viscosity of the oil and its ability to uptake water. These chemical compositions also imply significant changes to the ecological effects of the oil following a spill when aged in sunlight.

scholarly journals Optimization of Spiral-wound Microfiltration Process for Production of Micellar Casein Concentrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchaiah Marella ◽  
Venkateswarlu Sunkesula ◽  
Ahmed R. A. Hammam ◽  
Anil Kommineni ◽  
and Lloyd E. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Micellar Casein ◽  
True Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spiral Wound

Micellar Casein Concentrate (MCC) is manufactured from microfiltration (MF) of skim milk utilizing ceramic or polymeric membrane filtration. While ceramic filtration has higher efficiency, use of polymeric is cost effective and the process is familiar to several US dairy processors. The aim of the present study was to develop an optimized membrane filtration process to produce MCC using spiral wound polymeric membrane filtration (SW MF) system by systematic selection of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and level of diafiltration (DF). Using skim milk as feed material, preliminary lab-scale MF experiments were conducted using 0.5 µm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Three TMP (34.5, 62.1, and 103.4 kPa) and three levels of DF (70, 100, and 150%) along with a process without DF as control were used in the study. Effect of TMP and effectiveness of DF on flux rates, SP removal, casein to total protein (CN/TKN) ratio, casein to true protein (CN/TP) ratio, rejection of casein (rej CN) and SP (rej SP) were evaluated. At all TMP values used in the study, the overall flux (O Flux) increased with the level of DF. Highest O Flux of 30.77 liter per meter square per hour (LMH) was obtained with 34.5 kPa pressure and 150% DF. The impact of DF was more pronounced at lower pressures than at the higher pressures used in the study. With controlled DF, instantaneous flux was maintained within 80% of initial flux for the entire process run. For all the experiments, casein has a rejection of 0.97 to 1.0, while serum protein has the lowest rejection of 0.10 at 34.5 kPa pressure and 150% DF level. Use of 34.5 kPa and DF level of 150 % contributed to 81.45% SP removal, and casein to true protein ratio of 0.96. SP removal data from the lab-scale experiments were fitted into a mathematical model using DF and square of TMP as factors. The model predicts SP removal within 90-95% of actual SP removal got from the pilot plant experiments.

Investigation of the impact of organic solvent type and solution pH on the extraction efficiency of naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfu Huang ◽  
Kerry N. McPhedran ◽  
Nian Sun ◽  
Pamela Chelme-Ayala ◽  
Mohamed Gamal El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Optimization of Spiral-Wound Microfiltration Process Parameters for the Production of Micellar Casein Concentrate

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Chenchaiah Marella ◽  
Venkateswarlu Sunkesula ◽  
Ahmed R. A. Hammam ◽  
Anil Kommineni ◽  
Lloyd E. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Micellar Casein ◽  
Critical Process Parameters ◽  
Systematic Selection ◽  
True Protein ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spiral Wound

A systematic selection of different transmembrane pressures (TMP) and levels of diafiltration (DF) was studied to optimize these critical process parameters during the manufacturing of micellar casein concentrate (MCC) using spiral-wound polymeric membrane filtration. Three TMPs (34.5, 62.1, and 103.4 kPa) and four DF levels (0, 70, 100, and 150%) were applied in the study. The effect of the TMP and DF level on flux rates, serum protein (SP) removal, the casein-to-total-protein ratio, the casein-to-true-protein ratio, and the rejection of casein and SP were evaluated. At all transmembrane pressures, the overall flux increased with increases in the DF level. The impact of DF on the overall flux was more pronounced at lower pressures than at higher pressures. With controlled DF, the instantaneous flux was maintained within 80% of the initial flux for the entire process run. The combination of 34.5 kPa and a DF level of 150% resulted in 81.45% SP removal, and a casein-to-true-protein ratio of 0.96. SP removal data from the lab-scale experiments were fitted into a mathematical model using DF levels and the square of TMPs as factors. The model developed in this study could predict SP removal within 90–95% of actual SP removal achieved from the pilot plant experiments.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Peptide-Peptide Interactions during the Purification of Self-Assembling Peptide f1-8 from a β-Lactoglobulin Tryptic Hydrolysate

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Mathilde Pimont-Farge ◽  
Amélie Bérubé ◽  
Véronique Perreault ◽  
Guillaume Brisson ◽  
Shyam Suwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Peptide Profile ◽  
Hydrophobic Peptides ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Peptide Interactions ◽  
Tryptic Hydrolysate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Self-assembling peptides have gained attention because of their nanotechnological applications. Previous work demonstrated that the self-assembling peptide f1-8 (Pf1-8) that is generated from the tryptic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin can form a hydrogel after several purification steps, including membrane filtration and consecutive washes. This study evaluates the impact of each processing step on peptide profile, purity, and gelation capacity of each fraction to understand the purification process of Pf1-8 and the peptide-peptide interactions involved. We showed that peptide-peptide interactions mainly occurred through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, influencing the fraction compositions. Indeed, the purity of Pf1-8 did not correlate with the number of wash steps. In addition to Pf1-8, two other hydrophobic peptides were identified, peptide f15-20, and peptide f41-60. The gelation observed could be induced either through peptide-peptide interactions or through self-assembling, both being driven by non-covalent bond and more specifically hydrophobic interactions.

scholarly journals A New Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane Synthesized by Integrating of Powdered Activated Carbon for Treatment of Stabilized Leachate

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Salahaldin M. A. Abuabdou ◽  
Zeeshan Haider Jaffari ◽  
Choon-Aun Ng ◽  
Yeek-Chia Ho ◽  
Mohammed J. K. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Water Permeation

Stabilized landfill leachate contains a wide variety of highly concentrated non-biodegradable organics, which are extremely toxic to the environment. Though numerous techniques have been developed for leachate treatment, advanced membrane filtration is one of the most environmentally friendly methods to purify wastewater effectively. In the current study, a novel polymeric membrane was produced by integrating powdered activated carbon (PAC) on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to synthesize a thin membrane using the phase inversion method. The membrane design was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The fabricated membrane was effectively applied for the filtration of stabilized leachate using a cross-flow ring (CFR) test. The findings suggested that the filtration properties of fabricated membrane were effectively enhanced through the incorporation of PAC. The optimum removal efficiencies by the fabricated membrane (14.9 wt.% PVDF, 1.0 wt.% PAC) were 35.34, 48.71, and 22.00% for COD, colour and NH3-N, respectively. Water flux and transmembrane pressure were also enhanced by the incorporated PAC and recorded 61.0 L/m2·h and 0.67 bar, respectively, under the conditions of the optimum removal efficiency. Moreover, the performance of fabricated membranes in terms of pollutant removal, pure water permeation, and different morphological characteristics were systematically analyzed. Despite the limited achievement, which might be improved by the addition of a hydrophilic additive, the study offers an efficient way to fabricate PVDF-PAC membrane and to optimize its treatability through the RSM tool.

The impact of oil sands process water matrix on the ozonation of naphthenic acids: from a model compound to a natural mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1166-1174
Author(s):  
Rui Qin ◽  
Pamela Chelme-Ayala ◽  
Mohamed Gamal El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Oil Sands Process Water ◽  
The Impact

Oil sands process water (OSPW) contains organics, inorganics, and particles. To understand and improve the ozonation performance, it is crucial to clarify the effect of inorganics and particles on the ozonation of OSPW organic compounds. In this study, OSPW containing only inorganic fraction (OSPW-IF) was obtained after the organics were adsorbed onto granular activated carbon. A model naphthenic acid (NA) compound, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHA), was dissolved in OSPW-IF (CHA-OSPW-IF) and NaHCO3 buffer (CHA-Buffer). Ozonation of CHA-Buffer achieved higher CHA removal and lower utilized ozone dosages compared to CHA-OSPW-IF. Some inorganic ions present in OSPW (i.e., NH4+, HCO3−, and Cl−) caused a slight reduction of CHA degradation. Inorganics in OSPW inhibited the degradation of natural-occurring NAs while a negligible influence of particles on the ozonation of NAs was found. This research suggests that ozonation could be better utilized as an intermediate or post-treatment step in a treatment train for OSPW reclamation.

scholarly journals Adamantane Carboxylic Acids Demonstrate Mitochondrial Toxicity Consistent with Oil Sands-Derived Naphthenic Acids

2021 ◽  
pp. 100092
Author(s):  
Kate I. Rundle ◽  
Mahmoud S. Sharaf ◽  
Don Stevens ◽  
Collins Kamunde ◽  
Michael R. Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Toxicity

Performance of ectomycorrhizal alders exposed to specific Canadian oil sands tailing stressors under in vivo bipartite symbiotic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Beaudoin-Nadeau ◽  
André Gagné ◽  
Cyntia Bissonnette ◽  
Pier-Anne Bélanger ◽  
J. André Fortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
In Vivo Selection ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Different Strains

Canadian oil sands tailings are predominately sodic residues contaminated by hydrocarbons such as naphthenic acids. These conditions are harsh for plant development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inoculating roots of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa and Alnus incana ssp. rugosa with ectomycorrhizal fungi in the presence of tailings compounds. Seedlings were inoculated with 7 different strains of Paxillus involutus and Alpova diplophloeus and were grown under different treatments of NaCl, Na2SO4, and naphthenic acids in a growth chamber. Afterwards, seedling survival, height, dry biomass, leaf necrosis, and root mycorrhization rate were measured. Paxillus involutus Mai was the most successful strain in enhancing alder survival, health, and growth. Seedlings inoculated with this strain displayed a 25% increase in survival rate, 2-fold greater biomass, and 2-fold less leaf necrosis compared with controls. Contrary to our expectations, A. diplophloeus was not as effective as P. involutus in improving seedling fitness, likely because it did not form ectomycorrhizae on roots of either alder species. High intraspecific variation characterized strains of P. involutus in their ability to stimulate alder height and growth and to minimize leaf necrosis. We conclude that in vivo selection under bipartite symbiotic conditions is essential to select effective strains that will be of use for the revegetation and reclamation of derelict lands.

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