A novel electrospun polyurethane nanofibre membrane – production parameters and suitability for wastewater (WW) treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Lev ◽  
Marek Holba ◽  
Michal Došek ◽  
Libor Kalhotka ◽  
Přemysl Mikula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Artificial Water ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of a novel electrospun polyurethane nanofibre material for water-treatment purposes. Bacterial removal efficiency was tested in the laboratory by filtering artificial water spiked with Escherichia coli through a 0.25 µm nanofibre membrane. The results were compared with those obtained using a commercial microfiltration material (MV020T) with a similar pore size (0.20 µm). Alongside the laboratory experiments, we also determined filtration efficiency with semi-pilot scale experiments using actual wastewater from the secondary sedimentation tank of a wastewater treatment plant. The laboratory experiments indicated very high log10 removal efficiency, ranging from 5.8 to 6.8 CFU (colony-forming units)/ml. These results were better than those of the commercial membrane (3.8–4.6 CFU/ml). The semi-pilot scale experiment confirmed the membrane's suitability for microbial filtration, with both E. coli and total culturable microorganisms (cultured at both 22 and 36 °C) showing a significant decline compared to the non-filtered control (wastewater from the secondary outlet).

Enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency in a dyestuff wastewater treatment plant with the IFFAS process: the pilot-scale and full-scale studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Mao ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Dyestuff Wastewater

Abstract The activated sludge (AS) process is widely applied in dyestuff wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, the nitrogen removal efficiency is relatively low and the effluent does not meet the indirect discharge standards before being discharged into the industrial park's WWTP. Hence it is necessary to upgrade the WWTP with more advanced technologies. Moving bed biofilm processes with suspended carriers in an aerobic tank are promising methods due to enhanced nitrification and denitrification. Herein, a pilot-scale integrated free-floating biofilm and activated sludge (IFFAS) process was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results showed that the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrate (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of the IFFAS process were significantly lower than those of the AS process, and could meet the indirect discharge standards. PCR-DGGE and FISH results indicated that more nitrifiers and denitrifiers co-existed in the IFFAS system, promoting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Based on the pilot results, the IFFAS process was used to upgrade the full-scale AS process, and the effluent COD, NH4+-N and TN of the IFFAS process were 91–291 mg/L, 10.6–28.7 mg/L and 18.9–48.6 mg/L, stably meeting the indirect discharge standards and demonstrating the advantages of IFFAS in dyestuff wastewater treatment.

Antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators in disinfected wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2352-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Luczkiewicz ◽  
K. Jankowska ◽  
R. Bray ◽  
E. Kulbat ◽  
B. Quant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Fecal Indicators ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Operation Conditions

The main objective of the study was to assess the potential of three systems (UV irradiation, ozonation, and micro/ultrafiltration) operated in a pilot scale in removal of antimicrobial-resistant fecal bacteria from secondary effluent of the local wastewater treatment plant (700,000 population equivalent). The effectiveness of the processes was analysed using the removal ratio of fecal indicators (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.). The susceptibility of fecal indicators to antimicrobial agents important in human therapy was examined. Resistance to nitrofurantoin and erythromycin was common among enterococci and followed by resistance to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline. Resistance to high-level aminoglycosides and glycopeptides was also observed. E. coli isolates were most frequently resistant to penicillins and tetracycline. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli was detected once, after ozonation. Substantial attention should be paid to the E. coli and enterococci resistant to three or more chemical classes of antimicrobials (MAR), which in general constituted up to 15 and 49% of the tested isolates, respectively. Although the applied methods were effective in elimination of fecal indicators (removal efficiency up to 99.99%), special attention has to be paid to the application of sufficient disinfection and operation conditions to avoid selection of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

Small wastewater treatment plants in Flanders (Belgium): standard approach and experiences with constructed reed beds

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandaele ◽  
C. Thoeye ◽  
B. Van Eygen ◽  
G. De Gueldre
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Reed Bed

In Flanders (Belgium) an estimated 15% of the population will never be connected to a central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Small WWTPs can be a valuable option. Aquafin bases the decision to build SWWTPs on a drainage area study. To realise an accelerated construction the process choice is made accordingly to a standard matrix, which represents the different technologies in function of the size and the effluent consents. A pilot scale constructed two-stage reed bed is used to optimise the concept of the reed beds. The concept consists of a primary clarifier, two parallel vertical flow reed beds followed by a sub-surface flow reed bed. The removal efficiency of organic pollutants is high (COD: 89%, BOD: 98%). Phosphorus removal is high at the start-up but diminishes throughout the testing period (from 100% to 71% retention after 7 months). Nitrogen removal amounts to 53% on average. Nitrification is complete in summer. Denitrification appears to be the limiting factor. In autumn leakage of nitrogen is assumed. Removal efficiency of pathogens amounts to almost 99%. Clogging forms a substantial constraint of the vertical flow reed bed. Problems appear to be related with presettlement, feed interval and geotextile.

scholarly journals Phycoremediation of contaminated water by cadmium (Cd) using two cyanobacterial strains (Trichormus variabilis and Nostoc muscorum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona M. Abd El-Hameed ◽  
Mohamed E. Abuarab ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Shady Abdel Mottaleb ◽  
Gomaa A. Bakeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Trichormus Variabilis

Abstract Background Water pollution with heavy metals is a severe dilemma that concerns the whole world related to its risk to natural ecosystems and human health. The main objective was to evaluate the removal efficiency of Cd of various concentrations from contaminated aqueous solution by use of two cyanobacterial strains (Nostoc muscorum and Trichormus variabilis). For this purpose, a specially designed laboratory pilot-scale experiment was conducted using these two cyanobacterial strains on four different initial concentrations of Cd (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L−1) for 21 days. Results N. muscorum was more efficient than T. variabilis for removing Cd (II), with the optimum value of residual Cd of 0.033 mg L−1 achieved by N. muscorum after 21 days with initial concentration of 0.5 mg L−1, translating to removal efficiency of 93.4%, while the residual Cd (II) achieved by T. variabilis under the same conditions was 0.054 mg L−1 (89.13% removal efficiency). Algal growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments were estimated for both cyanobacterial strains throughout the incubation period. Conclusions High Cd concentration had a more toxic impact on algal growth. The outcomes of this study will help to produce treated water that could be reused in agrarian activities.

Pilot study on advanced treatment of geosmin and 2-MIB with O3/GAC

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siying Chen ◽  
Bingzhi Dong ◽  
Kuo Gao ◽  
Tian Li
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Scale Experiment

Abstract The removal efficiencies of geosmin/2-MIB by conventional treatment (flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration) combined with advanced treatment (ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration) in a pilot-scale experiment were investigated in a comprehensive manner. The objective of this study is to provide useful information for practical applications to solve the taste and odor problem during algal blooms in Lake Taihu. Results showed that the conventional treatment removed 38–59% and 36–64% of 2-MIB and geosmin, respectively, with ozone dosage from 0 to 1.0 mg/L. In particular, the increase in ozone concentration promoted the removal of 2-MIB/geosmin by sand filtration, meanwhile lowering the odorant removal efficiency by GAC filtration, with the key reason being the higher biomass produced in the sand filter through the strengthening effect of the ozonation. The organics with higher molecular weight (MW) showed the most significant decline in the pre-ozonation process with 1.0 mg/L ozone dosage, resulting in an enhanced removal efficiency of 2-MIB/geosmin by pre-ozonation. With ozone dosage of 1.0 mg/L, geosmin and 2-MIB in the treated water were 0.1 and 3.85 ng/L, respectively, which were below their odor threshold concentrations (OTCs) with the preliminary concentration of ∼200 ng/L of 2-MIB/geosmin.

Effect of Municipal Wastewater Treatment by Biological - Ecological Filter (BEF)

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Mei Yan Xing ◽  
Ya Nan Lin ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Zhi Dong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Biological Filter ◽  
Ecological Filter ◽  
Packing Layer ◽  
Better Than

A Pilot-scale study was conducted to treat municipal wastewater by Biological-Ecological filter (BEF), which is composed by anaerobic hydrolysis pool (AHP), high load biological filter (BF) and vermifilter (VF). The results demonstrated that when the influent concentrations of COD and NH3-N were in the range of 190~300 mg/L and 25~35 mg/L, respectively, the effluent concentration of them ranged from 45 to 65 mg/L and 8 to 20 mg/L with the average removal efficiency of 73.6% and 50%, respectively. Meanwhile, the effluent average SS concentration was less than 15 mg/L. The effluent quality could steadily meet the second level criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) in China. The removal performance of fine zeolite was significantly better than the coarse one and heightening packing layer had little effect on the removal of COD and NH3-N. This study verified that BEF system for municipal wastewater treatment was feasible.

Removal of organics and nutrients from tannery effluent by advanced integrated wastewater pond systems technology

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tadesse ◽  
S.A. Isoaho ◽  
F.B. Green ◽  
J.A. Puhakka
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Organics Removal ◽  
In Series ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Scale Experiment

In this study, a pilot-scale experiment was carried out on a pre-settled combined tannery effluent from Modjo tannery, Ethiopia, to evaluate the feasibility of the Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems® or AIWPS® Technology, for the treatment of tannery effluent. The pilot-scale AIWPS® Facility was comprised of an Advanced Facultative Pond (AFP), Secondary Facultative Pond (SFP) and Maturation Pond (MP) all arranged in series. Three feed phases with low, moderate and overloading organic loading rates were applied to assess the organics and nutrients removal performances of the AIWPS® reactors. The overall organics removal performance of the AIWPS® Process was high, with removal efficiencies in the range of 90-98% for BOD5 and 86-92% for COD. Among the AIWPS® reactors, the AFP attained the highest organics removal efficiency with a BOD5 removal of 70-89%. BOD5 removal efficiencies of the SFP and MP were 34-65% and 30-40%, respectively. The AFP was also able to withstand a much higher volumetric organic loading rate (70% more) than the conventional open anaerobic ponds. The drop in BOD5 removal efficiency of the AFP at the overloading condition was only 7%, while the corresponding drop in the SFP was 29%. AIWPS® reactors achieved a cumulative ammonia removal efficiency of 85%. The highest ammonia removal (50-60%) occurred in the SFP, followed by the MP with removal efficiency of 20-26%. At the overloading condition the overall ammonia removal efficiency of the AIWPS® Facility decreased by 50%, while the BOD5 organics removal dropped by only 6%, signifying the higher vulnerability of ammonia removal mechanism to high loading conditions than the organics removal. The phosphorus removal in the AIWPS® Facility was erratic, with highest removal (up to 75%) occurring in the AFP. The lack of H2S odour nuisance from the AFP was mainly due to the proliferation of sulphide oxidizing anoxygenic photosynthetic pink bacteria of the genera: Thiocystis, Rhodobacter, Rhodospirillum and Rhodopseudomonas in the upper solar illuminated water layers of the AFP.

Key issues of ultrafiltration membrane water treatment plant scale-up from laboratory and pilot plant results

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ming Chew ◽  
M. K. Aroua ◽  
M. A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Industrial-scale ultrafiltration (UF) membrane systems have gained wide acceptance for producing safe drinking water. Laboratory and pilot plant studies are often carried out prior to the design of full-scale water treatment plants. Emphases are laid on how accurately these laboratory and pilot plant studies represent actual industrial-scale systems and the limitations. A case study which encompasses laboratory experiments, pilot plant and industrial-scale UF systems has been carried out in Malaysia using the same type of modified polyethersulfone hollow fiber UF membrane and surface raw water source. This research elaborates on the practical utilization of laboratory experiments and pilot plant results on the design and scale-up for industrial-scale water treatment plants. The results obtained in filtrate quality, transmembrane pressure and specific electricity requirements elucidate that both laboratory- and pilot-scale studies are essential to determine the detailed design criteria of an industrial-scale UF membrane water treatment plant with limitations that require attention. Design engineers are able to reduce the safety factor allowance and minimize cost by utilizing laboratory- and pilot-scale results for the scale-up of UF membrane water treatment plants.

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