Removal of organics and nutrients from tannery effluent by advanced integrated wastewater pond systems technology

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tadesse ◽  
S.A. Isoaho ◽  
F.B. Green ◽  
J.A. Puhakka
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Organics Removal ◽  
In Series ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Scale Experiment

In this study, a pilot-scale experiment was carried out on a pre-settled combined tannery effluent from Modjo tannery, Ethiopia, to evaluate the feasibility of the Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems® or AIWPS® Technology, for the treatment of tannery effluent. The pilot-scale AIWPS® Facility was comprised of an Advanced Facultative Pond (AFP), Secondary Facultative Pond (SFP) and Maturation Pond (MP) all arranged in series. Three feed phases with low, moderate and overloading organic loading rates were applied to assess the organics and nutrients removal performances of the AIWPS® reactors. The overall organics removal performance of the AIWPS® Process was high, with removal efficiencies in the range of 90-98% for BOD5 and 86-92% for COD. Among the AIWPS® reactors, the AFP attained the highest organics removal efficiency with a BOD5 removal of 70-89%. BOD5 removal efficiencies of the SFP and MP were 34-65% and 30-40%, respectively. The AFP was also able to withstand a much higher volumetric organic loading rate (70% more) than the conventional open anaerobic ponds. The drop in BOD5 removal efficiency of the AFP at the overloading condition was only 7%, while the corresponding drop in the SFP was 29%. AIWPS® reactors achieved a cumulative ammonia removal efficiency of 85%. The highest ammonia removal (50-60%) occurred in the SFP, followed by the MP with removal efficiency of 20-26%. At the overloading condition the overall ammonia removal efficiency of the AIWPS® Facility decreased by 50%, while the BOD5 organics removal dropped by only 6%, signifying the higher vulnerability of ammonia removal mechanism to high loading conditions than the organics removal. The phosphorus removal in the AIWPS® Facility was erratic, with highest removal (up to 75%) occurring in the AFP. The lack of H2S odour nuisance from the AFP was mainly due to the proliferation of sulphide oxidizing anoxygenic photosynthetic pink bacteria of the genera: Thiocystis, Rhodobacter, Rhodospirillum and Rhodopseudomonas in the upper solar illuminated water layers of the AFP.

scholarly journals Performance of AnMBR in Treatment of Post-consumer Food Waste: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and Organic Loading Rate on Biogas Production and Membrane Fouling

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javkhlan Ariunbaatar ◽  
Robert Bair ◽  
Onur Ozcan ◽  
Harish Ravishankar ◽  
Giovanni Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) is typically limited to large reactors due to high hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Technologies such as anaerobic membrane reactors (AnMBRs) can perform anaerobic digestion at lower HRTs while maintaining high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. This study evaluated the effect of HRT and organic loading rate (OLR) on the stability and performance of a side-stream AnMBR in treating diluted fresh food waste (FW). The reactor was fed with synthetic FW at an influent concentration of 8.24 (± 0.12) g COD/L. The OLR was increased by reducing the HRT from 20 to 1 d. The AnMBR obtained an overall removal efficiency of >97 and >98% of the influent COD and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively, throughout the course of operation. The biological process was able to convert 76% of the influent COD into biogas with 70% methane content, while the cake layer formed on the membrane gave an additional COD removal of 7%. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were found to be higher in the bioreactor than in the influent, and average overall removal efficiencies of 17.3 (± 5) and 61.5 (± 3)% of TAN and TN, respectively, were observed with respect to the bioreactor concentrations after 2 weeks. Total phosphorus (TP) had an average removal efficiency of 40.39 (± 5)% with respect to the influent. Membrane fouling was observed when the HRT was decreased from 7 to 5 d and was alleviated through backwashing. This study suggests that the side-stream AnMBR can be used to successfully reduce the typical HRT of wet anaerobic food waste (solids content 7%) digesters from 20 days to 1 day, while maintaining a high COD removal efficiency and biogas production.

Pig Wastewater Treatment in Water Hyacinth Ponds

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2381-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Polprasert ◽  
S. Kessomboon ◽  
W. Kanjanaprapin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
N Removal ◽  
In Series

Small-scale and pilot-scale experiments were conducted on pig wastewater treatment in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipesl ponds. The main objectives were to evaluate the treatment performance of the water hyacinth ponds and to determine suitable operating conditions. From the experimental results obtained, the optimum organic loading rate was found to be 200 kg COD/(ha.d), while the hydraulic retention times were proposed to be 10-20 days. The % COD removal in the small-scale water hyacinth ponds were 74-93, while for the pilot-scale ponds the % COD removal were 52-72 because of fluctuations in the influent wastewater characteristics and occasional insect attacks on the water hyacinth leaves and stems. Similar results were obtained for N removal. Although the water hyacinth ponds were found to be feasible for pig wastewater treatment, at least one polishing pond in series should be provided to polish the water hyacinth pond effluents before discharging into the environment.

Anaerobic treatment of a medium strength industrial wastewater at low-temperature and short hydraulic retention time: a pilot-scale experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esparza Soto ◽  
C. Solís Morelos ◽  
J. J. Hernández Torres
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor during the treatment of cereal-processing industry wastewater under low-temperature conditions (17 °C) for more than 300 days. The applied organic loading rate (OLRappl) was gradually increased from 4 to 6 and 8 kg CODsol/m3d by increasing the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol), while keeping the hydraulic retention time constant (5.2 h). The removal efficiency was high (82 to 92%) and slightly decreased after increasing the influent CODsol and the OLRappl. The highest removed organic loading rate (OLRrem) was reached when the UASB reactor was operated at 8 kg CODsol/m3d and it was two times higher than that obtained for an OLRappl of 4 kg CODsol/m3d. Some disturbances were observed during the experimentation. The formation of biogas pockets in the sludge bed significantly complicated the biogas production quantification, but did not affect the reactor performance. The volatile fatty acids in the effluent were low, but increased as the OLRappl increased, which caused an increment of the effluent CODsol. Anaerobic treatment at low temperature was a good option for the biological pre-treatment of cereal processing industry wastewater.

Performance of permeable media rotating reactors used for pretreatment of wastewaters

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1926-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hassard ◽  
E. Cartmell ◽  
J. Biddle ◽  
T. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Permeable Media ◽  
N Removal ◽  
The Impact

The impact of organic loading rate (OLR) on carbonaceous materials and ammonia removal was assessed in bench scale rotating media biofilm reactors treating real wastewater. Media composition influences biofilm structure and therefore performance. Here, plastic mesh, reticulated coarse foam and fine foam media were operated concurrently at OLRs of 15, 35 and 60 g sCOD m−2d−1 in three bench scale shaft mounted advanced reactor technology (SMART) reactors. The sCOD removal rate increased with loading from 6 to 25 g sCOD m−2d−1 (P < 0.001). At 35 g BOD5m−2d−1, more than double the arbitrary OLR limit of normal nitrifying conditions (15 g BOD5m−2d−1); the removal efficiency of NH4-N was 82 ± 5, 27 ± 19 and 39 ± 8% for the mesh, coarse foam and fine foam media, respectively. Increasing the OLR to 35 gm−2d−1 decreased NH4-N removal efficiency to 38 ± 6, 21 ± 4 and 21 ± 6%, respectively. The mesh media achieved the highest stable NH4+-N removal rate of 6.5 ± 1.6 gm−2d−1 at a sCOD loading of 35 g sCOD m−2d−1. Viable bacterial numbers decreased with increasing OLR from 2 × 1010–4 × 109 cells per ml of biofilm from the low to high loading, suggesting an accumulation of inert non-viable biomass with higher OLR. Increasing the OLR in permeable media is of practical benefit for high rate carbonaceous materials and ammonia removal in the pretreatment of wastewater.

Kinetics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor using biolite carrier

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prakash ◽  
K. J. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Kinetics Of

Start-up and steady state operation of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with biolite as the inert carrier material was studied. Start-up and concomitant biofilm development of AFBRs was performed using two common start-up techniques, the maximum efficiency profile (MEP) technique and the maximum load profile (MLP) technique. The MEP start-up technique increases the volumetric organic loading rates to the reactor gradually and is tied to the removal efficiency of the process. The MLP start-up technique maintains a moderately high but constant volumetric organic loading rate irrespective of reactor performance. Using sucrose-based wastewater as feed, both start-up techniques led to equally fast biofilm development and start-up times of approximately 5 weeks. However, the MEP technique resulted in more stable controlled reactor operation during the start-up period. The quick start-up confirms the high compatibility of biolite for bio-adhesion and the development of a healthy active biofilm.High concentrations of biofilm biomass achieved in AFBRs (69 g volatile biofilm solids (VBS)/L of expanded bed volume at an organic loading rate of 25 g COD/(Lùd)) allowed the successful treatment of wastewaters at high organic loading rates and organic removal efficiencies. During steady state experiments, organic removal efficiencies over 80% were obtained for organic loading rates as high as 20 g COD/(L∙d). It was found that the dependence of removal efficiency on hydraulic retention time is influenced by substrate concentration. Total biofilm yield was determined to be 0.08 g VBS/g COD removed, demonstrating the low net synthesis of solids in the AFBR. AFBRs had an average solids retention time of 150 days, corresponding to a washout factor of 0.01. Extrinsic kinetics of the AFBRs was determined to be zero order with a maximum specific utilization rate of 0.48 g COD/(g VBS∙d).AFBRs used to treat municipal landfill leachate with a BOD5:COD ratio of 0.86 achieved steady state COD removal efficiencies that ranged from 70% to 87%, depending on the reactor organic loading rate and the concentration of the leachate being treated. During leachate treatment, biofilm biomass gradually became "mineralized" as a result of precipitation of metal sulfides and carbonates. This eventually resulted in a decrease in biofilm microbial activity and the need for higher pumping rates to maintain the same degree of bed expansion. Key words: anaerobic, biological fluidized bed reactor, biolite, landfill leachate, sucrose, modeling, start-up, steady state kinetics.

scholarly journals Phycoremediation of contaminated water by cadmium (Cd) using two cyanobacterial strains (Trichormus variabilis and Nostoc muscorum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona M. Abd El-Hameed ◽  
Mohamed E. Abuarab ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Shady Abdel Mottaleb ◽  
Gomaa A. Bakeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Trichormus Variabilis

Abstract Background Water pollution with heavy metals is a severe dilemma that concerns the whole world related to its risk to natural ecosystems and human health. The main objective was to evaluate the removal efficiency of Cd of various concentrations from contaminated aqueous solution by use of two cyanobacterial strains (Nostoc muscorum and Trichormus variabilis). For this purpose, a specially designed laboratory pilot-scale experiment was conducted using these two cyanobacterial strains on four different initial concentrations of Cd (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L−1) for 21 days. Results N. muscorum was more efficient than T. variabilis for removing Cd (II), with the optimum value of residual Cd of 0.033 mg L−1 achieved by N. muscorum after 21 days with initial concentration of 0.5 mg L−1, translating to removal efficiency of 93.4%, while the residual Cd (II) achieved by T. variabilis under the same conditions was 0.054 mg L−1 (89.13% removal efficiency). Algal growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments were estimated for both cyanobacterial strains throughout the incubation period. Conclusions High Cd concentration had a more toxic impact on algal growth. The outcomes of this study will help to produce treated water that could be reused in agrarian activities.

scholarly journals Pollutants removal, greenhouse gases emission and functional genes in wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems: influences of influent surface organic loading and aeration mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1632
Author(s):  
Jingna Chen ◽  
Zefang Jiang ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Yu Qiu ◽  
Tingting Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Pollutants Removal

Abstract The influences of influent surface organic loading rate (SOLR) and aeration mode on matrix oxygen, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus removal, greenhouse gases emission and functional gene abundances in lab-scale wastewater ecological soil infiltration systems (WESISs) were investigated. In WESISs, intermittent or continuous aeration improved oxygen supply at 50 cm depth and hardly changed anaerobic condition below 80 cm depth, which enhanced chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) removal, the abundances of bacterial 16S rRNA, amoA, nxrA, narG, napA, nirK, nirS, qnorB, nosZ genes and reduced CH4, N2O conversion efficiencies with SOLR of 16.9 and 27.6 g BOD/(m2 d) compared with non-aeration. Increased SOLR resulted in high TN removal, low N2O emission in aeration WESIS, which was different from non-aeration WESIS. High average COD removal efficiency of 90.7%, NH4+-N removal efficiency of 87.0%, TN removal efficiency of 84.6%, total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of 93.1% and low average N2O emission rate of 12.8 mg/(m2 d) were achieved with SOLR of 16.9 g BOD/(m2 d) in intermittent aeration WESIS. However, continuous aeration WESIS obtained high average removal efficiencies of 90.1% for COD, 87.5% for NH4+-N, 84.1% for TN, 92.9% for TP and low average emission rate of 13.1 mg/(m2 d) for N2O with SOLR of 27.6 g BOD/(m2 d). Aeration could be an optional strategy for WESISs to achieve high pollutants removal and low CH4, N2O emission when treating wastewater with high SOLR.

Pilot-Scale Experiences on Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Brewery Wastes

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Anderson ◽  
I. Ozturk ◽  
C. B. Saw
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Monod Kinetic ◽  
Brewery Wastes

This paper covers the results of a pilot-plant study on the Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Reactor (AFBR) treatment of brewery wastes. The AFBR was operated over a wide range of organic and hydraulic loading rates for a study period of more than eight months. The reactor consisted of a clear PVC column with a diameter of 165 mm and 3 m in height. Sand having a median diameter of 0.5 mm was used as the medium. The AFBR was fed with wastewaters collected from a local brewery. A COD removal efficiency of greater than 75% was observed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 8.9 kg COD/m3 of expended bed/day for 82 days from start-up. The OLR was increased to greater than 14 kg COD/m3.d and a COD to methane conversion of 87% was achieved. Effects of OLR and COD removal efficiency on gas flowrate and on gas composition as well as concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and volatile acids (VA) were investigated. It was observed that biomass distribution along the height of the AFBR was not uniform and a strong stratification of biomass exists between the upper and lower parts of the system. The ecological structure of biomass was examined by SEM and clumps of methanogenic bacteria were identified. The Monod kinetic parameters were determined using steady-state operating data and compared to similar results given in the literature for the same waste.

STUDY ON CAPACITY OF A TRICKLING FILTER USING BIOCHAR MEDIUM FOR TREATING WASTEWATER FROM AN CUU MARKET IN HUE CITY, VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Yến
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract: Pollution caused by market wastewater has occurred for many years in Vietnam. In particular, untreated wastewater from a riverside market is often directly discharged into a river, increasing loads of pollutants for the river. Every day, An Cuu market wastewater is averagely discharged about 19 cubic metres into An Cuu river. However, a wastewater treatment system has not been yet built at the market due to many reasons including the lack of investment capital. A Trickling filter (TF) consisting of a fix bed of biochar is a cost acceptable technology, effectively treating parameters like organic pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids. In this study, a model of TF using biochar medium for An Cuu market wastewater treatment were effectively operated with the organic loading rate (OLR) varying from 188 to 550 gBOD5.m-3.day-1 and the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) from 532 to 1899 L.m-2.day-1. The biochar trickling filter showed high removal efficiencies: 97%  BOD5, 92% COD, 97% TSS, 66% PTot and 62% NTot.Key words: An Cuu market, wastewater treatment,  biochar trickling filter, Vietnam

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