High NH4+-N concentration wastewater treatment by shortcut nitrification–denitrification using a system of A/O inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactors

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. M. Hu ◽  
Y. W. Chen ◽  
Y. G. Liao ◽  
W. F. Yan ◽  
S. M. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Rapid Mass

In this experiment, a rapid mass-transfer inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor (ILFBBR) was employed to treat synthetic high ammonia nitrogen-containing (NH4+-N) wastewater by shortcut nitrification–denitrification. The reactor operation was stable after a short start-up period. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were predominant and 65% nitrite (NO2−-N/NOx−-N) levels were achieved. During the nitrification–denitrification period, the removal rates of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN) reached 94 and 82%, respectively. From the material balance, it was indicated that 87% of NH4+-N was removed by shortcut nitrification. The features of ILFBBR and the benefits of shortcut nitrification were combined in this experiment, and showed an excellent removal of NH4+-N from high-concentration NH4+-N wastewater.

Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactors

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun T. Li ◽  
Wen K. Shieh ◽  
Chun S. Wu ◽  
Ju S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

The oxygenic fluidized bed biofilm reactor(FBBR) was evaluated in a laboratory investigation for treatment of pig slaughtering wastewater (slaughterhouse wastewater). Because the slaughterhouse wastewater contains a high concentration of grease, chemical coagulation/flocculation was adopted as the pretreatment step prior to FBBR treatment. The performance of the FBBR was evaluated at BOD loadings of between 8.5 to 98.5 kg/m3-day, hydraulic retention times of between 8.8 to 30.8 minutes, recirculation ratios of between 1 to 6, and feed BOD concentrations of between 305 to 602 mg/L. Under these operating conditions, removal efficiencies of BOD, grease, and NH3-N were in the range of 71 to 94%, 29 to 84%, and 20 to 73%, respectively. Both BOD and grease of the slaughterhouse wastewater used could be lowered to 40 and 10 mg/L, respectively, at a BOD loading of 20 kg/m3-day in order to meet effluent requirements to be enforced in Taiwan in 1990. Because the maximum amount of oxygen that could be dissolved in the oxygenation device used in this investigation was 40 mg/L, the FBBR would become anaerobic when the BOD loading applied exceeded 50 kg/m3-day. Relatively constant biomass holdups (10,000 mg TVS/L) could be maintained in FBBRs over the BOD loadings applied via the practice of regular biofilm separation and biomass wasting. The combined chemical coagulation/flocculation-FBBR process provides a feasible and cost-effective alternative for treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater.

A novel fast mass transfer anaerobic inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor for PTA wastewater treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingwen Chen ◽  
Jinlong Zhao ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Shitao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Operation Stability ◽  
Purified Terephthalic Acid

In this paper, a fast mass transfer anaerobic inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor (ILFBBR) was developed to improve purified terephthalic acid (PTA) wastewater treatment. The emphasis of this study was on the start-up mode of the anaerobic ILFBBR, the hydraulic loadings and the operation stability. The biological morphology of the anaerobic biofilm in the reactors was also analyzed. The anaerobic column could operate successfully for 46 days due to the pre-aerating process. The anaerobic column had the capacity to resist shock loadings and maintained a high stable chemical oxygen demand (COD) and terephthalic acid removal rates at a hydraulic retention time of 5–10 h, even under conditions of organic volumetric loadings as high as 28.8 kg COD·m−3.d−1. The scanning electron microscope analysis of the anaerobic carrier demonstrated that clusters of prokaryotes grew inside of pores and that the filaments generated by pre-aeration contributed to the anaerobic biofilm formation and stability.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal via a single-stage PN–Anammox process in a novel combined biofilm reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1483-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-mei Han ◽  
Feng-xia Liu ◽  
Xiao-fei Xu ◽  
Zhuo Yan ◽  
Zhi-jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract This study developed a partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process for treating high-ammonia wastewater using an innovative biofilm system in which ammonia oxidizing bacteria grew on fluidized Kaldnes (K1) carriers and Anammox bacteria grew on fixed acryl resin carriers. The airlift loop biofilm reactor (ALBR) was stably operated for more than 4 months under the following conditions: 35 ± 2 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5–3.5 mg/L. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency reached a maximum of 75% and the total nitrogen removal loading rate was above 0.4 kg/(d·m3). DO was the most efficient control parameter in the mixed biofilm system, and values below 1.5 mg/L were observed in the riser zone for the PN reaction, while values below 0.8 mg/L were observed in the downer zone for the Anammox reaction. Scanning electron microscopy and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization images showed that most of the nitrifying bacteria were distributed on the K1 carriers and most of the Anammox bacteria were distributed within the acryl resin carriers. Therefore, the results indicate that the proposed combined biofilm system is easy to operate and efficient for the treatment of high-ammonia wastewater.

Modelling Nitrification of a Lagoon Effluent in Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Houweling ◽  
Frédéric Monette ◽  
Louise Millette ◽  
Yves Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Total Ammonia

Abstract A pilot study was performed at the Sainte-Julie wastewater treatment plant to evaluate the potential of using the Moving-Bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process for removing BOD5 (5-day biochemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in a two-stage process at the exit of the first lagoon. Nitrification was observed in the first reactor at rates similar to those reported in the literature for a similar biomass carrier when bulk liquid dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were 6 g of O2 per m3. Nitrification rates were significantly reduced when DO was reduced to 3 g of O2 per m3. DO concentrations were maintained at 6 g of O2 per m3 in the second reactor, and nitrification rates comparable to those reported in the literature were observed for a temperature range of 3 to 16°C. An empirical DO-limited model was validated for the first reactor while in the second reactor nitrification was found to be either DO limited or total-ammonia-nitrogen limited, depending on nitrification rates in the upstream reactor. The DO-limited model predicts that the MBBR process is more sensitive to organic load than it is to temperature. A commercially available numerical model was calibrated to the results of the pilot study. Model results indicate that detachment and attachment rates play an important role in determining nitrification rates in the biofilm. Similar nitrification rates in an MBBR system installed upstream and downstream from an aerated lagoon in winter conditions were predicted using the empirical DO-limited model.

Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in expanded granular sludge bed and fluidized bed biofilm reactors bioaugmented with Desulfitobacterium spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Puyol ◽  
H. Rajhi ◽  
A. F. Mohedano ◽  
J. J. Rodríguez ◽  
J. L. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Archaea Community ◽  
Better Than

The biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246TCP) was studied using expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors and a fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) filled with activated carbon. One of the EGSB reactor and the FBBR were bioaugmented with Desulfitobacterium strains. 246TCP loading rate was gradually incremented from 10 to 250 mg L−1 day−1. The main pathway of dechlorination was in ortho-position, generating 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The maintenance of both COD degradation efficiency (higher than 80%) and methanogenic efficiency (between 0.3 and 0.6 g CH4–COD g−1 COD consumed) in EGSB reactor implies a great stability of the process. Through isotherm studies in FBBR, it could be deduced that around 52% of 246TCP was completely dechlorinated, whereas the adsorption involved around 16%. By means of FISH studies it was proved that the methanogenic Archaea community was maintained in the bioaugmented EGSB reactor, whereas in the FBBR this community was gradually developed until reaching stability. Desulfitobacterium community was also maintained in the reactors, although D. chlororespirans proportion rise in the FBBR at the higher 246TCP loading rates, implying that this species can withstand the 246TCP toxicity better than D. hafniense.

Study on Achievement and Temperature Influence of Shortcut Nitrification in Sequencing Biofilm Batch Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3389-3392
Author(s):  
Li Cheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Dang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jun Sui
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Start Up

The intermittent aeration strategy was applied to the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for the enhanced treatment of urban sewage. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria was cultivated by inoculation. After 25 days cultivation shortcut nitrification was successfully achieved and nitrite accumulation rate could be up to 93%. In the start-up phase of shortcut nitrification, intermittent aeration could increase production of nitrite and promote the enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria. It was concluded that temperature could affect nitrite accumulation. When temperature is in 25~35°C, the nitrite accumulation rate could be up to 90%.

Start-up of moving bed biofilm reactors for deammonification: the role of hydraulic retention time, alkalinity and oxygen supply

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gaul ◽  
S. Märker ◽  
S. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up

Aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation can be combined in a completely mixed moving bed biofilm reactor, allowing for single-stage ammonium removal from wastewater with low COD/N ratio unsuitable for conventional nitrification/denitrification processes (‘deammonification’). Mandatory preconditions are: (a) a low hydraulic retention time to wash out suspended cells competing with mass transfer limited biofilm cells for alkalinity as limiting substrate; and (b) an oxygen flux adapted to the surface loading rate to prevent complete nitrification to nitrate. pH control or ‘NH3 inhibition’ of nitrite oxidation are neither useful nor necessary. By this strategy, oxygen limited biofilms with simultaneous presence of NH4-N and NO2-N were enriched, which allowed for growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers. It could be demonstrated that a deammonifying reactor can be purposefully started up within a reasonable span of time and without prior inoculation, if this explicitly described strategy is applied. Depending on surface loading and air flow rate, N removal rates of 4–5 g N/m2 d could be achieved at DO concentrations between 1.0 and 4.0 mg/l.

Validation of a multisubstrate mathematical model for the simulation of the denitrification process in fluidized bed biofilm reactors

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eramo ◽  
R. Gavasci ◽  
A. Misiti ◽  
P. Viotti
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Numeric Simulation ◽  
Particle Bed

The present paper compares the experimental results obtained from a research programme developed on a pilot-scale fluidized bed biofilm reactor and the outputs of a numeric simulation model; the mathematical model can determine the substrate concentration profile within the reactor. The experimental campaign investigated heterotrophic biological denitrification in anoxic conditions. The model is based on multi-substrate Michaelis-Menten kinetics and considers mass transport resistancephenomena within and outside bioparticles. A monodimensional model of the reactor taking into consideration, in steady-state condition, phenomena due to convective transport and turbulent diffusion has been used. The fluidization model applied to describe the behaviour of the biofilm-covered rigid particle bed is based on the Wen and Yu correlation.

Tailoring of highly efficient nitrifying biofilms in fluidized bed for ammonia-rich industrial wastewater treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
T. Miyoshi ◽  
Y. Aoi ◽  
A. Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stepwise Reduction ◽  
Biofilm Structure

We proposed two tailoring methods for efficient nitrifying biofilms on particles which are expected to be used in fluidized bed in nitrogen removal processes for industrial wastewaters. The first method was examined with gradual reduction of the hydraulic retention time in continuous feeding reactor to form biofilm with high nitrification ability. As a result, nitrification rate was successfully improved mainly due to acclimation of nitrifying bacteria to higher loading. The second tailoring method for nitrifying biofilm started with the biofilm which had been previously constructed in synthetic domestic wastewater containing high concentration of NH4+-N as well as various biodegradable organic compounds. Stepwise reduction of C/N ratio in inlet wastewater was performed during one month simultaneously with observation of microbial population dynamics in the biofilm using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. As a result, this acclimation process promoted occupation of the biofilm by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and resulted in making suitable biofilm structure for nitrification of ammonia-rich industrial wastewater. Moreover, it is confirmed that this new tailoring method greatly shortened required time to obtain nitrifying biofilms.

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