Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in expanded granular sludge bed and fluidized bed biofilm reactors bioaugmented with Desulfitobacterium spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Puyol ◽  
H. Rajhi ◽  
A. F. Mohedano ◽  
J. J. Rodríguez ◽  
J. L. Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ortho Position ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Archaea Community ◽  
Better Than

The biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246TCP) was studied using expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors and a fluidized bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) filled with activated carbon. One of the EGSB reactor and the FBBR were bioaugmented with Desulfitobacterium strains. 246TCP loading rate was gradually incremented from 10 to 250 mg L−1 day−1. The main pathway of dechlorination was in ortho-position, generating 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The maintenance of both COD degradation efficiency (higher than 80%) and methanogenic efficiency (between 0.3 and 0.6 g CH4–COD g−1 COD consumed) in EGSB reactor implies a great stability of the process. Through isotherm studies in FBBR, it could be deduced that around 52% of 246TCP was completely dechlorinated, whereas the adsorption involved around 16%. By means of FISH studies it was proved that the methanogenic Archaea community was maintained in the bioaugmented EGSB reactor, whereas in the FBBR this community was gradually developed until reaching stability. Desulfitobacterium community was also maintained in the reactors, although D. chlororespirans proportion rise in the FBBR at the higher 246TCP loading rates, implying that this species can withstand the 246TCP toxicity better than D. hafniense.

Anaerobic Thermophilic (55°C) Treatment of TMP Whitewater in Reactors Based on Biomass Attachment and Entrapment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun J. Jahren ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala ◽  
Hallvard Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping

Thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater was treated in thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic laboratory-scale reactors using three different reactor configurations. In all reactors up to 70% COD removals were achieved. The anaerobic hybrid reactor, composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a filter, gave degradation rates up to 10 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15 kg COD/m3d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.1 hours. The anaerobic multi-stage reactor, consisting of three compartments, each packed with granular sludge and carrier elements, gave degradation rates up to 9 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15-16 kg COD/m3d, and HRT down to 2.6 hours. Clogging and short circuiting eventually became a problem in the multi-stage reactor, probably caused by too high packing of the carriers. The anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor performed similar to the other reactors at loading rates below 1.4 kg COD/m3d, which was the highest loading rate applied. The use of carriers in the anaerobic reactors allowed short HRT with good treatment efficiencies for TMP whitewater.

Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Fluidized Bed Biofilm Reactors

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun T. Li ◽  
Wen K. Shieh ◽  
Chun S. Wu ◽  
Ju S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

The oxygenic fluidized bed biofilm reactor(FBBR) was evaluated in a laboratory investigation for treatment of pig slaughtering wastewater (slaughterhouse wastewater). Because the slaughterhouse wastewater contains a high concentration of grease, chemical coagulation/flocculation was adopted as the pretreatment step prior to FBBR treatment. The performance of the FBBR was evaluated at BOD loadings of between 8.5 to 98.5 kg/m3-day, hydraulic retention times of between 8.8 to 30.8 minutes, recirculation ratios of between 1 to 6, and feed BOD concentrations of between 305 to 602 mg/L. Under these operating conditions, removal efficiencies of BOD, grease, and NH3-N were in the range of 71 to 94%, 29 to 84%, and 20 to 73%, respectively. Both BOD and grease of the slaughterhouse wastewater used could be lowered to 40 and 10 mg/L, respectively, at a BOD loading of 20 kg/m3-day in order to meet effluent requirements to be enforced in Taiwan in 1990. Because the maximum amount of oxygen that could be dissolved in the oxygenation device used in this investigation was 40 mg/L, the FBBR would become anaerobic when the BOD loading applied exceeded 50 kg/m3-day. Relatively constant biomass holdups (10,000 mg TVS/L) could be maintained in FBBRs over the BOD loadings applied via the practice of regular biofilm separation and biomass wasting. The combined chemical coagulation/flocculation-FBBR process provides a feasible and cost-effective alternative for treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater.

From biofilm ecology to reactors: a focused review

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Boltz ◽  
Barth F. Smets ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann ◽  
Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
Eberhard Morgenroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Reactor Technology ◽  
Biofilm Modeling

Biofilms are complex biostructures that appear on all surfaces that are regularly in contact with water. They are structurally complex, dynamic systems with attributes of primordial multicellular organisms and multifaceted ecosystems. The presence of biofilms may have a negative impact on the performance of various systems, but they can also be used beneficially for the treatment of water (defined herein as potable water, municipal and industrial wastewater, fresh/brackish/salt water bodies, groundwater) as well as in water stream-based biological resource recovery systems. This review addresses the following three topics: (1) biofilm ecology, (2) biofilm reactor technology and design, and (3) biofilm modeling. In so doing, it addresses the processes occurring in the biofilm, and how these affect and are affected by the broader biofilm system. The symphonic application of a suite of biological methods has led to significant advances in the understanding of biofilm ecology. New metabolic pathways, such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) or complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) were first observed in biofilm reactors. The functions, properties, and constituents of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance matrix are somewhat known, but their exact composition and role in the microbial conversion kinetics and biochemical transformations are still to be resolved. Biofilm grown microorganisms may contribute to increased metabolism of micro-pollutants. Several types of biofilm reactors have been used for water treatment, with current focus on moving bed biofilm reactors, integrated fixed-film activated sludge, membrane-supported biofilm reactors, and granular sludge processes. The control and/or beneficial use of biofilms in membrane processes is advancing. Biofilm models have become essential tools for fundamental biofilm research and biofilm reactor engineering and design. At the same time, the divergence between biofilm modeling and biofilm reactor modeling approaches is recognized.

Validation of a multisubstrate mathematical model for the simulation of the denitrification process in fluidized bed biofilm reactors

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Eramo ◽  
R. Gavasci ◽  
A. Misiti ◽  
P. Viotti
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Numeric Simulation ◽  
Particle Bed

The present paper compares the experimental results obtained from a research programme developed on a pilot-scale fluidized bed biofilm reactor and the outputs of a numeric simulation model; the mathematical model can determine the substrate concentration profile within the reactor. The experimental campaign investigated heterotrophic biological denitrification in anoxic conditions. The model is based on multi-substrate Michaelis-Menten kinetics and considers mass transport resistancephenomena within and outside bioparticles. A monodimensional model of the reactor taking into consideration, in steady-state condition, phenomena due to convective transport and turbulent diffusion has been used. The fluidization model applied to describe the behaviour of the biofilm-covered rigid particle bed is based on the Wen and Yu correlation.

Treatment of Thermomechanical Pulping (TMP) Whitewater in Thermophilic (55°C) Anaerobic-Aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun J. Jahren ◽  
Hallvard Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Gas Circulation ◽  
Biofilm Process

Thermomechanical pulping whitewater was treated in an anaerobic followed by an aerobic Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactor at 55°C. The anaerobic reactor was mixed by gas circulation and the aerobic reactor was mixed by aeration. The anaerobic reactor was started with mesophilic inoculum, while the aerobic reactor was started without inoculation. The reactors were operated on molasses water for one and a half years before the experiment was started. Total biomass concentrations (suspended and attached) were 3.3 g VSS/L in the anaerobic reactor and 1.6 g VSS/L in the aerobic reactor when starting feeding the reactors with TMP whitewater. After 7 months of operation the biomass concentrations had reached 5.5 and 6.5 g VSS/L in the anaerobic and aerobic reactors, respectively. The CODsol removals in the anaerobic reactor were around 30 % at loading rates up to 7 kg CODsol/m3d, and over-all CODsol removals of about 60 % were achieved. The results show that the anaerobic-aerobic moving bed biofilm process could be feasible for the thermophilic treatment of thermomechanical pulping whitewater.

High NH4+-N concentration wastewater treatment by shortcut nitrification–denitrification using a system of A/O inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactors

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. M. Hu ◽  
Y. W. Chen ◽  
Y. G. Liao ◽  
W. F. Yan ◽  
S. M. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Rapid Mass

In this experiment, a rapid mass-transfer inner loop fluidized bed biofilm reactor (ILFBBR) was employed to treat synthetic high ammonia nitrogen-containing (NH4+-N) wastewater by shortcut nitrification–denitrification. The reactor operation was stable after a short start-up period. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were predominant and 65% nitrite (NO2−-N/NOx−-N) levels were achieved. During the nitrification–denitrification period, the removal rates of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN) reached 94 and 82%, respectively. From the material balance, it was indicated that 87% of NH4+-N was removed by shortcut nitrification. The features of ILFBBR and the benefits of shortcut nitrification were combined in this experiment, and showed an excellent removal of NH4+-N from high-concentration NH4+-N wastewater.

Pilot-plant experiments with moving-bed biofilm reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pastorelli ◽  
G. Andreottola ◽  
R. Canziani ◽  
E. de Fraja Frangipane ◽  
F. De Pascalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

A flexible pilot plant, fed with primary settled wastewater, was used to study (1) organic carbon and nitrification in a two(three)-stage continuous-flow aerobic process and (2) organic carbon and nitrogen removal in a heterotrophic moving-bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor (MBSBBR) for denitrification and in a continuous-flow autotrophic moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for nitrification. In both experiments the same polyethylene biofilm carriers were used. Filtered COD removal rates in aerobic conditions appear to be proportional to the corresponding loading rates up to 8 gCOD m−2 d−1. Nitrification tests, performed in oxygen limiting conditions and ammonia limiting conditions, showed that the reaction rate was nearly first order with respect to dissolved oxygen due to liquid film diffusion. Denitrification tests, performed without external carbon sources, showed that the denitrification rate never fell below 0.3 gNO3−-N m−2 d−1 even at very low biodegradable filtered COD loading rates.

Elimination of p-chlorophenol in biofilm reactors - a comparative study of continuous flow and sequenced batch operation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Kaballo ◽  
Yuangang Zhao ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Better Than

The chlorophenol elimination potential of two identically designed fixed bed biofilm reactors was compared. One of the reactors was operated continuously, and the other in sequenced batch mode. In the continuous flow biofilm reactor (CFBR) a stratification of biomass occurred, whereas biomass in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) developed uniformly due to the use of an advanced fill strategy. Recirculation was needed to overcome biosorption during filling and to achieve equal biomass distribution. Under shock loading, degradation in SBBR was better than in CFBR. However, even the CFBR showed a high flexibility, i.e. it performed better than expected. Sorption properties in both reactors seem to be responsible for the flexibility in terms of break through. Experimental studies and modelling of sorption properties are necessary to describe the response of biofilm reactors to unsteady state conditions.

Treatment of Different Wastewaters from Pulp and Paper Industry in Methane Reactors

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Latola
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Plastic Foam ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

A wastewater from an integrated paper mill with a COD of 1200 mg/dm3 was anaerobically treated in a multi-stage reactor. The BOD7 removal efficiencies of 60-75 % were achieved at maximal loading rates of 5-6 kg COD/m3d and HRT of 4-6 hours due to the granular sludge. Industrial sulphite evaporator condensates from Ca- and Na-processes were treated in anaerobic filters containing light gravel, plastic foam and power plant slag as filter media. The BOD7 removals of 78 % on average were achieved at loading rates of 1.8-3.3 kg COD/m3d with Ca-process evaporator condensates and 80 % BOD7 removals were achieved with Na-process condensates at loading rates of 3.5-4.1 kg COD/m3d.

Phosphorus Release Kinetics in Biofilm Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ruiz-Treviño ◽  
S. González-Martínez ◽  
C. Doria-Serrano ◽  
M. Hernández-Esparza
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Linear Behaviour ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

This paper presents the kinetic analysis, using Generalized Power-Law equations to describe the results of an experimental investigation conducted on a batch submerged biofilm reactor for phosphorus removal under an anaerobic/aerobic cycle. The observed rates and amounts of phosphorus release and organic substrate uptake in the anaerobic phase leads to a kinetic model in which these two variables are dependent on each other with a non-linear behaviour and reach equilibrium values in both cases, at different times and are function of rate constants ratio. The model has a good fit with experimental data except for C uptake at anaerobic contact times longer than four hours, where other kinetics are implied. Kinetic parameters were obtained with different initial substrate concentrations, anaerobic contact cycles, and type of substrates.

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