Desalination of oil sands process-affected water and basal depressurization water in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada: application of electrodialysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2668-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Sik Kim ◽  
Shimiao Dong ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Mohamed Gamal El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Conductivity Range ◽  
Industrial Reuse ◽  
The Cost

The high content of inorganic species in water used to extract bitumen from the Alberta oil sands and in the groundwater below the oil sands is an increasing environmental concern. These water matrices require treatment before they can be reused or safely discharged. Desalination of the oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) and groundwater, or basal depressurization water (BDW), can be accomplished with deionization techniques such as electrodialysis (ED). In order to achieve the effective ED treatment, OSPW and BDW were pretreated with coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation to remove solid species and turbidity. We demonstrated that a conductivity range for industrial reuse of OSPW and BDW can be achieved with the ED treatment and showed the possibility of applying ED in the oil sands industry. A continuous ED system that reuses the diluate stream as a source for the concentrate stream was designed. The cost of a hypothetical ED water treatment plant in Fort McMurray, Alberta, was estimated to be C$10.71 per cubic meter of treated water.

Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hernández Cervantes ◽  
Jesús Mora Rodríguez ◽  
Xitlali Delgado Galván ◽  
Josefina Ortiz Medel ◽  
Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Booster Chlorination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Concentration Limits

Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the world. Also, most houses are built with individual storage containers due to intermittent service, which generates a greater residence time of the water before use. This paper shows an alternative to guarantee minimum disinfection along WDNs and diminish the use of disinfectant at the DWTP considering the conditions of water consumption and use in Mexico. We propose a model based on Genetic Algorithms to obtain scenarios where free chlorine is maintained at the minimum permissible concentration throughout the day. In addition, Water Managers could optimize the use of disinfectant by implementing booster chlorination stations (BCSs). The results show that chlorine use could be reduced by 38%, therefore guaranteeing the chlorine concentration limits along the WDN.

scholarly journals Evaluation of leached metals in recovered aluminum coagulants from water treatment slurry

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Fouad ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Taha M. A. Razek
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Coagulant Recovery ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Iron Manganese

The water treatment industry consumes large quantities of coagulant and produces huge amounts of slurry. The cost of alum used in water treatment, stringent regulations and negative impacts of sludge disposal are the motive to do integrated research studies on the technical feasibility of aluminum coagulant recovery from sludge using acidification. This work studied the leaching of iron, manganese, and chromium as the most extracted metals with aluminum during sludge acidification; furthermore, these metals have a great impact on the recovered coagulants' efficiency and treated water quality. The sludge used was collected from El-Sheikh Zayd water treatment plant in Egypt, then dried and ground; afterward, the effect of acid concentration, sludge mass, temperature, mixing speed and mixing time was studied. In addition, it was noticeable that the efficiency of sulfuric acid in leaching iron, manganese and chromium is higher than that of hydrochloric acid. Also, higher leaching for the three metals was obtained in all the experiments using higher acid concentration, elevated temperature, and rotational speed. Finally, the leached metals in recovered aluminum coagulants will not limit its application to water and wastewater treatment, as their concentrations are still very low if compared with aluminum, even with the highest leaching efficiency.

scholarly journals Design and assessment of water source alternatives for Mariout 2 water treatment plant extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia A. Aly ◽  
Moamen Elbanouby ◽  
Sadek M. Eladwe
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
The Third ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Factors such as population increase and industrialization, coupled with the establishment of touristic villages, have necessitated an upgradation of water treatment plants (WTPs) in Egypt. In this study, three different water source alternatives were designed and compared with a simple decision matrix to select the most appropriate one for upgrading and extending the Mariout 2 WTP. The first two alternatives are located on the k-40 Alex-Cairo desert road and k-77 EL Nasr canal, respectively, where the water source is obtained from the Nile River. The third alternative is located at the k-51 Alex-Matrouh coastal road and a non-conventional seawater source is used. The design results showed that the required energy power of the first, second, and third alternatives were 0.31, 0.066, and 0.72 kw/purified m3, respectively. The operational costs of the first, second, and third alternatives were 0.665, 0.426, and 6.621 EGP/m3, respectively. The cost of the intake pipes was found to be the lowest for the third alternative, whereas it was found to be the highest for the first one. Based on the results obtained from the decision matrix, the third alternative was found to be the most appropriate alternative followed by the second one. This study may assist in making decisions regarding the water source selection and treatment methods for the extension of the fourth stage of the Mariout 2 WTP.

Water treatment plant residuals management

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Dharmappa ◽  
A. Hasia ◽  
P. Hagare
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Polymer Addition

Water treatment plants produce enormous amounts of sludge. Due to increased environmental concern, recently, there is considerable amount of pressure on the water authorities for the safe disposal of the sludge. Currently, the most acceptable form of disposal is sanitary landfilling, which requires sludge to be dewatered to 20-40% of solids. One of the most commonly used dewatering techniques is sand drying beds. This process is popular because of its reliability, ease of use and low cost. However, one of the basic concerns with this process is the requirement of a large area of land. This could be overcome by chemical conditioning of the sludge, which can accelerate the dewatering rate substantially. At this stage, however, there are no guidelines for the design of the sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned sludges. This study is conducted to investigate the design and performance of sand drying beds for treating chemically conditioned water treatment plant (WTP) sludge. Experiments are conducted using laboratory scale sand drainage columns. The results indicate that the drainage rates, after adding polymer, increased by 9 times for clarifier sludge and 20-25 times for filter backwash sludge. Thus, the land area requirement for sand drainage bed can be drastically reduced through polymer addition. Optimal dose of polymer is found to be between 3 and 6 kg/t of dry solids, with dilute sludges requiring high dosages. The cake solids concentration increased from 3 to 12% as the polymer dose increased from 0 to 16 kg/t of dry solids. The variation of drainage rates and cake solids with solids/hydraulic loading rates are found to vary depending on the type of sludges and polymers. The filtrate quality is found to be independent of polymer dose and solids loading rates.

Waterborne Campylobacter in Sweden: the cost of an outbreak

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Andersson ◽  
B. de Jong ◽  
A. Studahl
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
Sick Person ◽  
Sick People ◽  
The Cost

Outbreaks of waterborne disease happen in Sweden, as in most other countries. During the period 1980-1995, a total of 90 outbreaks were reported, involving about 50,000 sick people and two deaths. About 80% of the outbreaks are caused by unknown agents but Campylobacter is the most common agent. Between 1980 and 1995, 11 campylobacteriosis outbreaks were reported, three of which had 1,000->3,000 sick people involved. These waterborne outbreaks cost society, the water-treatment plant involved and the sick person a lot of money. A waterborne outbreak also raises the question whether people can have confidence in the community tap water.

Operating Experience with La Mont Boilers, with Special Reference to Feed Water Problems

1946 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. J. Begg ◽  
W. M. Hebblethwaite ◽  
G. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Problems

The paper describes the chief troubles encountered in operating high-pressure La Mont forced circulation boilers with a difficult feed water consisting of 80 per cent chemically treated make-up. Attention is drawn to the thermodynamic and financial advantages gained by the use of the higher pressure system. The reasons for the choice of the La Mont boiler are given and also a summary of information obtained on the Continent in 1939 relating to feed water treatment with La Mont boilers working under nearly similar conditions of pressure and feed water. The initial feed water treatment and after-conditioning, together with details of the feed water treatment plant for the boilers actually installed, are described. The early troubles with feed water treatment and their effect on the availability of the boiler are dealt with in detail and the precautions found to be necessary to avoid accumulation of sludge in the headers and the formation of “Analcite” scale in the generating tubes are also described. Information is given of the troubles with secondary combustion as a result of insufficient turbulence in the combustion chamber and the fouling of the air heaters and the remedies employed. The general design of the boiler and power plant and of all auxiliary plant are described, and the reduction in power costs achieved, in spite of war time increases in the cost of coal and labour, are enumerated.

DESIGNING OF REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) FOR MEASUREMENT OF pH IN WATER TREATMENT PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
V. MANE-DESHMUKH PRASHANT ◽  
B. MORE ASHWINI ◽  
B. P. LADGAOKAR ◽  
S. K. TILEKAR ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Terminal Unit ◽  
Remote Terminal ◽  
Remote Terminal Unit

ENHANCED COAGULATION FOR ALGAE REMOVAL IN A TYPICAL ALGERIA WATER TREATMENT PLANT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2303-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel Ghernaout ◽  
Abdelmalek Badis ◽  
Ghania Braikia ◽  
Nadjet Mataam ◽  
Moussa Fekhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Enhanced Coagulation ◽  
Algae Removal

Sadr City R3 Water Treatment Plant Baghdad, Iraq

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Johnston ◽  
Kevin O'Connor ◽  
Todd Criswell
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant
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