Waterborne Campylobacter in Sweden: the cost of an outbreak

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Andersson ◽  
B. de Jong ◽  
A. Studahl
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
Sick Person ◽  
Sick People ◽  
The Cost

Outbreaks of waterborne disease happen in Sweden, as in most other countries. During the period 1980-1995, a total of 90 outbreaks were reported, involving about 50,000 sick people and two deaths. About 80% of the outbreaks are caused by unknown agents but Campylobacter is the most common agent. Between 1980 and 1995, 11 campylobacteriosis outbreaks were reported, three of which had 1,000->3,000 sick people involved. These waterborne outbreaks cost society, the water-treatment plant involved and the sick person a lot of money. A waterborne outbreak also raises the question whether people can have confidence in the community tap water.

Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hernández Cervantes ◽  
Jesús Mora Rodríguez ◽  
Xitlali Delgado Galván ◽  
Josefina Ortiz Medel ◽  
Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Booster Chlorination ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Concentration Limits

Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the world. Also, most houses are built with individual storage containers due to intermittent service, which generates a greater residence time of the water before use. This paper shows an alternative to guarantee minimum disinfection along WDNs and diminish the use of disinfectant at the DWTP considering the conditions of water consumption and use in Mexico. We propose a model based on Genetic Algorithms to obtain scenarios where free chlorine is maintained at the minimum permissible concentration throughout the day. In addition, Water Managers could optimize the use of disinfectant by implementing booster chlorination stations (BCSs). The results show that chlorine use could be reduced by 38%, therefore guaranteeing the chlorine concentration limits along the WDN.

scholarly journals Evaluation of leached metals in recovered aluminum coagulants from water treatment slurry

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Fouad ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Taha M. A. Razek
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Coagulant Recovery ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Iron Manganese

The water treatment industry consumes large quantities of coagulant and produces huge amounts of slurry. The cost of alum used in water treatment, stringent regulations and negative impacts of sludge disposal are the motive to do integrated research studies on the technical feasibility of aluminum coagulant recovery from sludge using acidification. This work studied the leaching of iron, manganese, and chromium as the most extracted metals with aluminum during sludge acidification; furthermore, these metals have a great impact on the recovered coagulants' efficiency and treated water quality. The sludge used was collected from El-Sheikh Zayd water treatment plant in Egypt, then dried and ground; afterward, the effect of acid concentration, sludge mass, temperature, mixing speed and mixing time was studied. In addition, it was noticeable that the efficiency of sulfuric acid in leaching iron, manganese and chromium is higher than that of hydrochloric acid. Also, higher leaching for the three metals was obtained in all the experiments using higher acid concentration, elevated temperature, and rotational speed. Finally, the leached metals in recovered aluminum coagulants will not limit its application to water and wastewater treatment, as their concentrations are still very low if compared with aluminum, even with the highest leaching efficiency.

scholarly journals Design and assessment of water source alternatives for Mariout 2 water treatment plant extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia A. Aly ◽  
Moamen Elbanouby ◽  
Sadek M. Eladwe
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
The Third ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Factors such as population increase and industrialization, coupled with the establishment of touristic villages, have necessitated an upgradation of water treatment plants (WTPs) in Egypt. In this study, three different water source alternatives were designed and compared with a simple decision matrix to select the most appropriate one for upgrading and extending the Mariout 2 WTP. The first two alternatives are located on the k-40 Alex-Cairo desert road and k-77 EL Nasr canal, respectively, where the water source is obtained from the Nile River. The third alternative is located at the k-51 Alex-Matrouh coastal road and a non-conventional seawater source is used. The design results showed that the required energy power of the first, second, and third alternatives were 0.31, 0.066, and 0.72 kw/purified m3, respectively. The operational costs of the first, second, and third alternatives were 0.665, 0.426, and 6.621 EGP/m3, respectively. The cost of the intake pipes was found to be the lowest for the third alternative, whereas it was found to be the highest for the first one. Based on the results obtained from the decision matrix, the third alternative was found to be the most appropriate alternative followed by the second one. This study may assist in making decisions regarding the water source selection and treatment methods for the extension of the fourth stage of the Mariout 2 WTP.

The environmental sustainability evaluation of an urban tap water treatment plant based on emergy

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qi ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Yang ◽  
Yanfeng Lv ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sustainability Evaluation

scholarly journals Analysis of chemical stability of tap water in terms of required level of technological safety

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Dorota Papciak ◽  
Izabela Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Chemical Stability ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Properties

AbstractThe main goal of this work is to show the new approach to determining safety technological levels (SLs) in terms of water quality and its chemical stability, as well as issues of water corrosion properties in water distribution systems (WDSs), due to the fact that water supply pipes are prone to corrosion. In the paper the methodology of determining the risk associated with threat to technical infrastructure was considered. The concept was studied on the basis of real operational data from the water treatment plant. The probability of exceeding the individual parameters for WTPI is slightly larger than for WTPII, which means that this water treatment process may cause lack of chemical stability in the water supply network. Operators should anticipate in the process of designing water distribution system, using proper materials, as to ensure an adequate level of safety from the water source to the water recipient. It should be noted that it is necessary to adjust the material of internal installation of water supply networks to the parameters of the water. At present, there are no correlations between the designing step and water parameters. It was concluded that to protect the water supply infrastructure, which belongs to critical infrastructure, water company should put more emphasis on distribution of stable water that has not potentially corrosion properties. Some suggestions were made for the protection of WDS and to ensure safety of system functioning and long-term usability of water pipes.

Cryptosporidium oocysts: are they still a risk for human population? A case study in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pignata ◽  
S i Bonetta ◽  
S a Bonetta ◽  
S M Cacciò ◽  
A R Sannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts

Abstract Over the past decade, several outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been reported in many EU countries in association with the consumption of contaminated drinking water, recreational waters, food consumption and contact with animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located in a rural area of northern Italy. Influent and effluent samples at the DWTP, together with tap water samples from a public fountain were collected for three years (2013-2016). All samples were analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts by the EPA Method 1623 based on immunomagnetic separation (IMS)/immunofluorescence assay (IFA), complemented by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The detection has been implemented with a reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) protocol to evaluate the oocyst viability. The results highlighted a high variability of oocyst concentrations in all samples (mean 4.3 - 5.8/100 L) and a high percentage variability of the DAPI-positive specimens (mean 48.2% - 40.3%). Conversely, RT-PCR did not reveal the presence of any viable C. parvum and C. hominis oocysts. A nested PCR targeting Cryptosporidium 18S ribosomal DNA was carried out in two water samples to deepen the understanding of the obtained results. This test revealed the presence of a particular Cryptosporidium genotype associated with wild animals in the river and in tap water. Although the recovered Cryptosporidium genotype is not a human pathogen, its presence demonstrates the existence of a potential pathogen Cryptosporidium spp. contamination risk. Moreover, these results underline the importance of considering unconventional (not bacterial) biological contaminations (protozoa) in water resources in rural areas, including those of developed countries. Key messages The supply source and the drinking water treatment plant examined represent a classic example of a system that requires continuous monitoring to guarantee population health. Cryptosporidium oocysts may still be a Public Health problem even in industrialized countries, especially in rural and mountain areas.

Desalination of oil sands process-affected water and basal depressurization water in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada: application of electrodialysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2668-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Sik Kim ◽  
Shimiao Dong ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Mohamed Gamal El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Fort Mcmurray ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Conductivity Range ◽  
Industrial Reuse ◽  
The Cost

The high content of inorganic species in water used to extract bitumen from the Alberta oil sands and in the groundwater below the oil sands is an increasing environmental concern. These water matrices require treatment before they can be reused or safely discharged. Desalination of the oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) and groundwater, or basal depressurization water (BDW), can be accomplished with deionization techniques such as electrodialysis (ED). In order to achieve the effective ED treatment, OSPW and BDW were pretreated with coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation to remove solid species and turbidity. We demonstrated that a conductivity range for industrial reuse of OSPW and BDW can be achieved with the ED treatment and showed the possibility of applying ED in the oil sands industry. A continuous ED system that reuses the diluate stream as a source for the concentrate stream was designed. The cost of a hypothetical ED water treatment plant in Fort McMurray, Alberta, was estimated to be C$10.71 per cubic meter of treated water.

Operating Experience with La Mont Boilers, with Special Reference to Feed Water Problems

1946 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. J. Begg ◽  
W. M. Hebblethwaite ◽  
G. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Problems

The paper describes the chief troubles encountered in operating high-pressure La Mont forced circulation boilers with a difficult feed water consisting of 80 per cent chemically treated make-up. Attention is drawn to the thermodynamic and financial advantages gained by the use of the higher pressure system. The reasons for the choice of the La Mont boiler are given and also a summary of information obtained on the Continent in 1939 relating to feed water treatment with La Mont boilers working under nearly similar conditions of pressure and feed water. The initial feed water treatment and after-conditioning, together with details of the feed water treatment plant for the boilers actually installed, are described. The early troubles with feed water treatment and their effect on the availability of the boiler are dealt with in detail and the precautions found to be necessary to avoid accumulation of sludge in the headers and the formation of “Analcite” scale in the generating tubes are also described. Information is given of the troubles with secondary combustion as a result of insufficient turbulence in the combustion chamber and the fouling of the air heaters and the remedies employed. The general design of the boiler and power plant and of all auxiliary plant are described, and the reduction in power costs achieved, in spite of war time increases in the cost of coal and labour, are enumerated.

scholarly journals Identification of Trihalomethanes (THMs) Levels in Water Supply: A Case Study in Perlis, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02043
Author(s):  
Mohd Faizal Ab Jalil ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny ◽  
Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Tap Water Quality

In Malaysia, chlorination is used for drinking water disinfection at water treatment plants due to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency. However, the use of chlorine poses potential health risks due to the formation of disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs). THMs are formed due to the reaction between chlorine and some natural organic matter. The objective of the study is to analyze the level of THMs in the water supply in Perlis, Malaysia. The water samples were collected from end-user tap water near the water treatment plant (WTP) located in Perlis, including Timah Tasoh WTP, Kampung Sungai Baru WTP, Arau Phase I, II, III, and IV WTPs. The THMs were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the water supply from Timah Tasoh WTP generates the most THMs, whereas Kuala Sungai Baru shows the fewest amounts of total THMs. In conclusion, the presence of THMs in tap water has caused great concern since these components can cause cancer in humans. Therefore, the identification of THM formation is crucial in order to make sure that the tap water quality remains at acceptable safety levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document