Microbial characteristics of a CANON reactor during the start-up period seeding conventional activated sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Hui-ping Zeng ◽  
Xiao-yan Chang ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Community Shift ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Bacterial Morphology ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Canon Process

An up-flow oxygen-controlled biofilm reactor filled with volcanic filter was used for a completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite (CANON) process. The reactor was successfully established by seeding conventional activated sludge at ambient temperature without additional biomass inoculation. An average total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of 1.1 kg·(m3 d)−1 was achieved after 180 days' operation. The bacterial morphology, community structure and spatial distribution of nitrogen removal microorganisms were analyzed by using some molecular biotechniques. Denaturant gel gradient electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed a distinct community shift of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) during the start-up period, which was not the same as that of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) or anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). Phylogenetic results indicated the predominance of Nitrosomonas, ‘Candidatus Brocadia fulgida’ and Nitrobacter for nitrogen removal in the system, all of which coexisted without a distinguishable niche on the biofilm.

Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2677-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Christensson ◽  
S. Ekström ◽  
A. Andersson Chan ◽  
E. Le Vaillant ◽  
R. Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up

ANITA™ Mox is a new one-stage deammonification Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) developed for partial nitrification to nitrite and autotrophic N-removal from N-rich effluents. This deammonification process offers many advantages such as dramatically reduced oxygen requirements, no chemical oxygen demand requirement, lower sludge production, no pre-treatment or requirement of chemicals and thereby being an energy and cost efficient nitrogen removal process. An innovative seeding strategy, the ‘BioFarm concept’, has been developed in order to decrease the start-up time of new ANITA Mox installations. New ANITA Mox installations are started with typically 3–15% of the added carriers being from the ‘BioFarm’, with already established anammox biofilm, the rest being new carriers. The first ANITA Mox plant, started up in 2010 at Sjölunda wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Malmö, Sweden, proved this seeding concept, reaching an ammonium removal rate of 1.2 kgN/m3 d and approximately 90% ammonia removal within 4 months from start-up. This first ANITA Mox plant is also the BioFarm used for forthcoming installations. Typical features of this first installation were low energy consumption, 1.5 kW/NH4-N-removed, low N2O emissions, <1% of the reduced nitrogen and a very stable and robust process towards variations in loads and process conditions. The second ANITA Mox plant, started up at Sundets WWTP in Växjö, Sweden, reached full capacity with more than 90% ammonia removal within 2 months from start-up. By applying a nitrogen loading strategy to the reactor that matches the capacity of the seeding carriers, more than 80% nitrogen removal could be obtained throughout the start-up period.

Assessment of Inocula and N-Removal Performance of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) for the Treatment of Aged Landfill Leachates

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2391-2398
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Gong Ming Zhou ◽  
Min Sheng Huang ◽  
Min Tong
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

Three kinds of seeding sludge, i.e. conventional activated sludge, anaerobic granular sludge and the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor treating aged leachates were evaluated in batch mode to screen the optimized inoculum for the rapid start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The feasibility of the ANAMMOX process for the treatment of aged leachates was also investigated in a modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB, 0.05m3). The batch experiments revealed that the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor could respectively achieve the NRR (nitrogen removal rate) of 0.0365 kg N/(m3.d) and the ARR (ammonium removal rate) of 0.013 kg N/(m3.d) on day 12, which were greatly higher than those of the other two tested sludge samples. The mixture of the aforementioned nitrifying activated sludge and anaerobic granular sludge was established as an effective inoculum for the prompt start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 0.826 kg N/(m3.d) could be obtained for the treatment of “old” leachates under NLR (nitrogen loading rate) of 1.028 kg N/(m3.d). It is concluded that the N-removal performance of ANAMMOX process is still to be improved for actual engineering application to aged landfill leachates.

Exploration of rapid start-up of the CANON process from activated sludge inoculum in a sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Deng ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Ying Miao ◽  
Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Canon Process

In this study, a laboratory-scale sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) was employed to explore a fast start-up of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. Partial nitrification was achieved by controlling free ammonia concentration and operating at above 30 °C; then the reactor was immediately operated with alternating periods of aerobiosis and anaerobiosis to start the anammox process. The CANON process was successfully achieved in less than 50 d, and the total-nitrogen removal efficiency and the nitrogen removal rate were 81% and 0.14 kg-N m−3 d−1 respectively. Afterwards, with the increasing of ammonium loading rate a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 0.39 kg-N m−3 d−1 was achieved on day 94. DNA analysis showed that ‘Candidatus Brocadia’ was the dominant anammox species and Nitrosomonas was the dominant aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the CANON reactor. This study revealed that due to shortening the persistent and stable nitrite accumulation period the long start-up time of the CANON process can be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Treatment performance, nitrous oxide production and microbial community under low-ammonium wastewater in a CANON process

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3468-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Mi ◽  
Jianqiang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqian Ding ◽  
Guanghuan Ge ◽  
Rixiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Canon Process

Abstract To investigate the characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation for treating low-ammonium wastewater, a continuous-flow completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) biofilm reactor was studied. At a temperature of 32 ± 1 °C and a pH between 7.5 and 8.2, two operational experiments were performed: the first one fixed the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 10 h and gradually reduced the influent ammonium concentrations from 210 to 50 mg L−1; the second one fixed the influent ammonium concentration at 30 mg L−1 and gradually decreased the HRT from 10 to 3 h. The results revealed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 80%, with a corresponding total nitrogen removal rate of 0.26 ± 0.01 kg N m−3 d−1 at the final low ammonium concentration of 30 mg L−1. Small amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) up to 0.015 ± 0.004 kg m−3 d−1 at the ammonium concentration of 210 mg L−1 were produced in the CANON process and decreased with the decrease in the influent ammonium loads. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis indicated that the dominant functional bacteria ‘Candidatus Kuenenia’ under high influent ammonium levels were gradually succeeded by Armatimonadetes_gp5 under low influent ammonium levels.

scholarly journals Start-up of a full-scale partial nitritation-anammox MBBR without inoculum at Klagshamn WWTP

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 2033-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Dimitrova ◽  
Agnieszka Dabrowska ◽  
Sara Ekström
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Start Up

Abstract Partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is a useful process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich centrate from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge. A one-stage PNA moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was started up without inoculum at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant, southern Sweden. The reactor was designed to treat up to 200 kgN d−1, and heated dilution water was used during start-up. The nitrogen removal was >80% after 111 days of operation, and the nitrogen removal rate reached 1.8 gN m−2 d1 at 35 °C. The start-up period of the reactor was comparable to that of inoculated full-scale systems. The operating conditions of the system were found to be important, and online control of the free ammonia concentration played a crucial role. Ex situ batch activity tests were performed to evaluate process performance.

Start-up of the Canon process from activated sludge under salt stress in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR)

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (16) ◽  
pp. 6309-6314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoji Zhang ◽  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Lifeng Lin ◽  
Hongyuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Canon Process

Experimental Comparison between Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) for River Purification Treatment Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lariyah Mohd Sidek ◽  
Hairun Aishah Mohiyaden ◽  
Hidayah Basri ◽  
Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih ◽  
Ahmad Hussein Birima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) systems have been proven as an effective technology for water treatment and have been used for Biochemical Oxygen Demand/Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD/COD-removal), as well as for nitrification and denitrification in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS), in particular, has been extensively used in wastewater treatment since decades ago. In this study, physical performance results for both MBBR and CAS were compared and evaluated on laboratory scale basis. The study aims to identify the best system performance in terms of constituent removal efficiency for effective management of the river purification plant. A novel parallel MBBR and CAS pilot plant were fabricated and operated to compare the physical performance of MBBR and CAS. Analysis of the performances for MBBR and CAS show, MBBR has higher COD (85%), AN (75%) and TSS (80%) removal rate compared to CAS COD (53%), AN (53%) and TSS (69%). For BOD removal rate, CAS shows 68% removal rate whereas MBBR shows only 65%. Thus CAS has shown slightly higher removal rate than MBBR. In terms of sludge production, MBBR sludge is less than CAS. Overall performance proves that MBBR has better rate of constituent removal efficiency compared to CAS in the laboratory basis study.

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