Numerical modeling of nitrogen removal processes in biofilters with simultaneous nitritation and anammox

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
Shun Shi ◽  
Wendong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Startup Period

This study developed a simple numerical model for nitrogen removal in biofilters, which was designed to enhance simultaneous nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). It is the first attempt to simulate anammox together with two-step nitrification in natural treatment systems, which may have different kinetic parameters and temperature effects from conventional bioreactors. Prediction accuracy was improved by adjusting kinetic coefficients over the startup period of the biofilters. The maximum rates of nitritation and nitrite oxidation increased linearly over time during the startup period. Simulations confirmed successful enhancement of simultaneous nitritation and anammox (SNA) in the biofilters, with anammox contributing 35% of ammonium removal. Effluent ammonium concentration was affected by influent ammonium concentration and the maximum nitritation rate, and was insensitive to the maximum nitrite oxidation rate and anammox substrate factor. Ammonium removal via SNA was likely limited by biomass of aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the biofilters. The developed model is a promising tool for studying the dynamics of nitrogen removal processes including SNA in natural treatment systems.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal Efficiency for Pharmaceutical Wastewater with a Single-Stage Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7972
Author(s):  
Lushen Zuo ◽  
Hong Yao ◽  
Huayu Li ◽  
Liru Fan ◽  
Fangxu Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations

A single-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process with an integrated biofilm–activated sludge system was carried out in a laboratory-scale flow-through reactor (volume = 57.6 L) to treat pharmaceutical wastewater containing chlortetracycline. Partial nitrification was successfully achieved after 48 days of treatment with a nitrite accumulation of 70%. The activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) decreased when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of the influent was 3000 mg/L. When switching to the single-stage ANAMMOX operation, (T = 32–34 °C, DO = 0.4–0.8 mg/L, pH = 8.0–8.5), the total nitrogen (TN) removal loading rate and efficiency were 1.0 kg/m3/d and 75.2%, respectively, when the ammonium concentration of the influent was 287 ± 146 mg/L for 73 days. The findings of this study imply that single-stage ANAMMOX can achieve high nitrogen removal rates and effectively treat pharmaceutical wastewater with high concentrations of COD (1000 mg/L) and ammonium.

scholarly journals Ammonium removal by a novel heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB from wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maohong Zhou ◽  
Hairen Ye ◽  
Xiaowei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Removal Ratio ◽  
Initial Ph

The effects of culture conditions on a newly isolated Pseudomonas stutzeri KTB's ability to simultaneously perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification were investigated to determine its potential of application in nitrogen removal from wastewater. The results from experiments in the presence of 10 mmol/L of ammonium were as follows: succinate was the preferred carbon source, and the optimum C/N ratio, temperature, and initial pH were 10, 30 °C, and 7–8, respectively. Nitrogen removal took place not only in the logarithmic phase but also in the stationary phase. Under the optimum conditions, the nitrogen removal rate increased as the ammonium concentration elevated, until it was as high as 60 mmol/L. Meanwhile, the maximum specific growth rate decreased. The highest nitrogen removal rate of 0.977 mmol/L/h was observed at 60 mmol/L of ammonium and the maximum removal ratio of 85.6% at 40 mmol/L when the bacterial treatment for 48 h was completed. The strain was vulnerable to even higher ammonium loads. When incubated in anaerobically digested hennery wastewater containing 43.85 mmol/L of ammonium and 2.32 mmol/L of nitrate, the removal ratio and rate reached 82.4% and 0.397 mmol/L/h, respectively. The strain might be a great candidate for ammonium removal from wastewater.

scholarly journals Keeping a Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal over Nitrite System Effective in Treating Low Ammonium Wastewater by Adopting an Alternative Low and High Ammonium Influent Regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qinglong Chang ◽  
Weigang Wang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yayi Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Excessive Proliferation ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

An alternative low and high ammonium influent regime was proposed and adopted to keep a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) effective when treating low ammonium wastewater. Results show that, by cyclic operating at an alternative low and high ammonium concentration for 10 days and 28 days, the CANON system could effectively treat low ammonium wastewater. Excessive proliferation of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) under low ammonium environment was still the challenge for the stable CANON operation; but with 28 days of a high ammonium treatment combined with a sludge retention time control, the NOB overproliferated in the low ammonium operational period could be under control. Specifically, when the nitrite oxidation rate reached 8 g N/m3/h, the CANON system should enter the high ammonium influent operating mode. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results show that the appropriate sludge discharging provided an environment favoring Candidatus Jettenia.

Nutrient removal and microbial granulation in an anaerobic process treating inorganic and organic nitrogenous wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Ahn ◽  
H.-C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

The sustainable anaerobic nitrogen removal and microbial granulation were investigated by using a laboratory anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor, treating synthetic (inorganic and organic) wastewater and piggery waste. From inorganic synthetic wastewater, lithoautotrophic ammonium oxidation to nitrite/nitrate was observed by an addition of hydroxylamine. Also, the results revealed that the Anammox intermediates (particularly, hydrazine) contents in the substrate would be one of the important parameters for success of the anaerobic nitrogen removal process. The results from organic synthetic wastewater show that if the Anammox organism were not great enough in the startup of the process, denitritation and anaerobic ammonification would be a process prior to the Anammox reaction. The anaerobic ammonium removal from the piggery waste was performed successfully, probably due to the Anammox intermediates contained in the substrate. This reactor shows a complex performance including the Anammox reaction and HAP crystallization, as well as having partial denitritation occurring simultaneously. From the activity test, the maximum specific N conversion rate was 0.1 g NH4-N/g VSS/day (0.77 g T-N/g VSS/day), indicating that potential denitritation is quite high. The NO2-N/NH4-N ratio to Anammox is 1.17. The colour of the biomass treating the piggery waste changed from black to dark red. It was also observed that the red-colored granular sludge had a diameter of 1-2 mm. The settleability assessment of the granular sludge revealed that the granular sludge had a good settleability even though it was worse than that of seed granular sludge.

scholarly journals Nitrification mainly driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in an anammox-inoculated wastewater treatment system

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Yiguo Hong ◽  
Ying Wei ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu ◽  
Jiapeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been acknowledged as an environmentally friendly and time-saving technique capable of achieving efficient nitrogen removal. However, the community of nitrification process in anammox-inoculated wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has not been elucidated. In this study, ammonia oxidation (AO) and nitrite oxidation (NO) rates were analyzed with the incubation of activated sludge from Xinfeng WWTPs (Taiwan, China), and the community composition of nitrification communities were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that both AO and NO had strong activity in the activated sludge. The average rates of AO and NO in sample A were 6.51 µmol L−1 h−1 and 6.52 µmol L−1 h−1, respectively, while the rates in sample B were 14.48 µmol L−1 h−1 and 14.59 µmol L−1 h−1, respectively. The abundance of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) Nitrospira was 0.89–4.95 × 1011 copies/g in both samples A and B, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was 1.01–9.74 × 109 copies/g. In contrast, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was much lower than AOB, only with 1.28–1.53 × 105 copies/g in samples A and B. The AOA community was dominated by Nitrosotenuis, Nitrosocosmicus, and Nitrososphaera, while the AOB community mainly consisted of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus. The dominant species of Nitrospira were Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii, Candidatus Nitrospira Ecomare2 and Nitrospira inopinata. In summary, the strong nitrification activity was mainly catalyzed by AOB and Nitrospira, maintaining high efficiency in nitrogen removal in the anammox-inoculated WWTPs by providing the substrates required for denitrification and anammox processes.

scholarly journals Interaction between Biological Nitrogen Removal Processes and Operating Parameters: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-774
Author(s):  
M. S. I. Mozumder ◽  
M. D. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Removal Technique

Nitrogen, mostly in the form of ammonia or nitrate containing wastewater deteriorated the water quality which simultaneously affects environment, plants, animals and human life. A number of researchers nowadays are conducting research to find out efficient and cost effective nitrogen removal technique along with optimum operating parameters. It is very important to uncover the optimum range of each parameter. In this study, it was winnowed to elicit the optimum operating ranges of dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, pH, free ammonia concentration, nitrate concentration and culture medium. The nitrogen removal techniques were compared, evaluated considering advantages and disadvantages of them. Partial nitrification combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation was found most prospective nitrogen removal technique for wastewater treatment compare to other techniques (conventional nitrification-denitrification over nitrate/nitrite, anammox, SND etc.) due to less oxygen consumption (62.5 % less), less sludge production, no carbon requirement, single reactor used and energy efficiency. SND process was more economical due to faster consumption of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. There was various culture mediums which had a favorable or detrimental effect on specific nitrogen removal processes. However for desired bacteria culture for specific application, suitable culture medium needs to be selected considering the optimal operating parameters for microbial growth.

Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen-Removal for Treatment of High Ammonia Leachate

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 662-665
Author(s):  
Wen De Tian ◽  
Kyoung Jin An ◽  
Zhi Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

This study focused on the feasibility of autotrophic nitrogen removal to treat high ammonia leachate, using combined partial Nitritation and Anammox process. In partial nitritation reactor, the optimal operation condition was found with influent ammonium concentration of 1200 mg/L, DO about 3 mg/L, HRT 3 days and temperature about 31°C at the ratio of NO2-N / NH4-N effluent kept at 1.1, which is a prerequisite for the application of Anammox. In Anammox reactor, more than 85% ammonium is removed at HRT 8 days, temperature 28±1°C, and pH 8. The removal rate of nitrogen and COD in combined partial Nitritation and Anammox process are 90% and 74%, respectively. Thus, a combined process of partial nitritation and a subsequent Anammox could be an alternative solution for ammonium removal for leachate.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Simultaneous measurement of sedimentary N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O production and new <sup>15</sup>N isotope pairing technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 6861-6898 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-C. Hsu ◽  
S.-J. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Isotope Pairing ◽  
Removal Processes

Abstract. Dinitrogen (N2) and/or nitrous oxide (N2O) are produced through denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) or nitrification in sediments, of which entangled processes obfuscate the absolute rate estimation of gaseous nitrogen production from individual pathway. Recently, the classical isotope pairing technique (IPT), the most common 15N-nitrate enrichment method to quantify denitrification, has been modified by different researchers to (1) discriminate relative contribution of N2 production by denitrification from anammox or to (2) provide more accurate denitrification rate by considering both N2O and N2 productions. Both modified methods, however, have deficiencies such as overlooking N2O production in case 1 and neglecting anammox in case 2. In this paper, a new method was developed to refine previous methods. We installed cryogenic traps to pre-concentrate N2 and N2O separately, thus, allowing simultaneous measurement for two gases generated by one sample. The precision is better than 2% for N2 (m/z 28, m/z 29 and m/z 30), and 1.5% for N2O (m/z 44, m/z 45 and m/z 46). Based on the six m/z peaks of the two gases, we further revised IPT formulae to truthfully resolve the production rates of N2 and N2O contributed from 3 specific nitrogen removal processes, i.e. N2 and N2O from denitrification, N2 from anammox and N2O from nitrification. To validate the applicability of our new method, incubation experiments were conducted using sediment cores taken from the Danshuei estuary in Taiwan. We successfully determined the rates of aforementioned nitrogen removal processes. Moreover, N2O yield was as high as 66%, which no doubt would significantly bias previous IPT approaches when N2O was not considered. Our new method not only complements the previous IPT but also provides more comprehensive information to advance our understanding of nitrogen dynamics through the water-sediment interface.

scholarly journals Application of Real-Time PCR To Study Effects of Ammonium on Population Size of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Soil

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1008-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Okano ◽  
Krassimira R. Hristova ◽  
Christian M. Leutenegger ◽  
Louise E. Jackson ◽  
R. Ford Denison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Dry Soil

ABSTRACT Ammonium oxidation by autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is a key process in agricultural and natural ecosystems and has a large global impact. In the past, the ecology and physiology of AOB were not well understood because these organisms are notoriously difficult to culture. Recent applications of molecular techniques have advanced our knowledge of AOB, but the necessity of using PCR-based techniques has made quantitative measurements difficult. A quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting part of the ammonia-monooxygenase gene (amoA) was developed to estimate AOB population size in soil. This assay has a detection limit of 1.3 × 105 cells/g of dry soil. The effect of the ammonium concentration on AOB population density was measured in soil microcosms by applying 0, 1.5, or 7.5 mM ammonium sulfate. AOB population size and ammonium and nitrate concentrations were monitored for 28 days after (NH4)2SO4 application. AOB populations in amended treatments increased from an initial density of approximately 4 × 106 cells/g of dry soil to peak values (day 7) of 35 × 106 and 66 × 106 cells/g of dry soil in the 1.5 and 7.5 mM treatments, respectively. The population size of total bacteria (quantified by real-time PCR with a universal bacterial probe) remained between 0.7 × 109 and 2.2 × 109 cells/g of soil, regardless of the ammonia concentration. A fertilization experiment was conducted in a tomato field plot to test whether the changes in AOB density observed in microcosms could also be detected in the field. AOB population size increased from 8.9 × 106 to 38.0 × 106 cells/g of soil by day 39. Generation times were 28 and 52 h in the 1.5 and 7.5 mM treatments, respectively, in the microcosm experiment and 373 h in the ammonium treatment in the field study. Estimated oxidation rates per cell ranged initially from 0.5 to 25.0 fmol of NH4 + h−1 cell−1 and decreased with time in both microcosms and the field. Growth yields were 5.6 × 106, 17.5 × 106, and 1.7 × 106 cells/mol of NH4 + in the 1.5 and 7.5 mM microcosm treatments and the field study, respectively. In a second field experiment, AOB population size was significantly greater in annually fertilized versus unfertilized soil, even though the last ammonium application occurred 8 months prior to measurement, suggesting a long-term effect of ammonium fertilization on AOB population size.

scholarly journals Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) Play with Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) in Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater

Archaea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixuan Yin ◽  
Xuejun Bi ◽  
Chenlu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

An increase in the number of publications in recent years indicates that besides ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) may play an important role in nitrogen removal from wastewater, gaining wide attention in the wastewater engineering field. This paper reviews the current knowledge on AOA and AOB involved in wastewater treatment systems and summarises the environmental factors affecting AOA and AOB. Current findings reveal that AOA have stronger environmental adaptability compared with AOB under extreme environmental conditions (such as low temperature and low oxygen level). However, there is still little information on the cooperation and competition relationship between AOA and AOB, and other microbes related to nitrogen removal, which needs further exploration. Furthermore, future studies are proposed to develop novel nitrogen removal processes dominated by AOA by parameter optimization.

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