Risk assessment of treated municipal wastewater reuse in Sicily

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Aiello ◽  
Giuseppe L. Cirelli ◽  
Simona Consoli ◽  
Feliciana Licciardello ◽  
Attilio Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Risk Function ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

In Italy, the restrictive approach for treated wastewater reuse in agriculture has led to some difficulties in promoting this practice. In order to assess the health risk associated with the use of wastewater in agriculture, an experiment was conducted in an open field near the constructed wetland (CW) system of San Michele di Ganzaria (Eastern Sicily), during the irrigation seasons 2004–2009. In particular the impact on tomato crops of drip and sub-drip irrigation with treated municipal wastewater, as well as effects of wastewater reuse on the irrigation system, main production features, hydrological soil behaviour, and microbial soil and products contamination were investigated. Notwithstanding the fact that globally CW effluents did not match microbiological standards for wastewater reuse of Italian legislation, the median infection risk (function of the recommended tolerable additional disease burden of 10−6 DALY (disability-adjusted life year) loss per person per year) suggested by the 2006 World Health Organization Guidelines for rotavirus, Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium for lettuce irrigation under unrestricted irrigation scenario was achieved.

Wastewater reclamation using discarded reverse osmosis membranes for reuse in irrigation in Djibouti, an arid country

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Awaleh ◽  
Moussa Mahdi Ahmed ◽  
Youssouf Djibril Soubaneh ◽  
Farhan Bouraleh Hoch ◽  
Samatar Mohamed Bouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this paper is to establish the feasibility of recovering discarded reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in order to reduce the salinity of domestic treated wastewater. This study shows that the reuse of RO membranes is of particular interest for arid countries having naturally high mineralized water such as Djibouti. The pilot desalination unit reduces the electrical conductivity, the turbidity and the total dissolved salt respectively at 75–85, 96.7 and 95.4%. The water produced with this desalination unit contains an average of 254 cfu/100 mL total coliforms and 87 cfu/100 mL fecal coliforms. This effluent meets the World Health Organization standards for treated wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes. The annual cost of the desalination unit was evaluated as US $/m3 0.82, indicating the relatively high cost of this process. Nevertheless, such processes are required to produce an effluent, with a high reuse potential.

scholarly journals Hydrological and Environmental Impact of Wastewater Treatment and Reuse on Zarqa River Basin in Jordan

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Naser Almanaseer ◽  
Muna Hindiyeh ◽  
Raha Al-Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Zarqa River ◽  
The Impact

Treated wastewater is an important component of the water resource in Jordan. As Samra wastewater treatment plant—the largest treatment plant in Jordan—discharges ~110 MCM per year of secondary treated municipal wastewater to Zarqa River, and eventually to Jordan Valley. This research aims at assessing the impact of treated wastewater reuse on the hydrology and environment in the most vulnerable areas within Amman-Zarqa Basin, specifically from As Samra treatment plant to Jerash Bridge. Historical data is collected, field survey is performed, and chemical and biological analyses are performed at eleven selected locations along the study area. Afterwards, all collected data is managed using suitable tools to address the impact. The findings of this research demonstrate high improvement in biological and microbial parameters along the flow path, yet the salinity is increased downstream. It is found that this increase is due to brackish water intrusion, apparently from sandstone aquifer. Analysis of BOD and COD carried out as part of this research showed effective system recovery with COD reduction from 130 mg/L at the effluent to less than 50 mg/l in the downstream. Moreover, microbial activities are reduced, mainly due to self-purification in the river.

Evaluation of phytotoxicity of effluents from activated sludge and constructed wetland system for wastewater reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Leiva ◽  
Adrián Albarrán ◽  
Daniela López ◽  
Gladys Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Epicotyl Elongation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of wastewater treated with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge (AS) system using disinfection treatment such chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) system. To assess the impact of the reuse of different effluents (HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV), bioassays using seeds of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) and Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum), were performed on both Petri dishes and soil. Different treated wastewater concentrations were varied (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and the percentage of germination inhibition (PGI), percentage of epicotyl elongation (PEE) and germination index (GI) were determined. Positive effects (PGI and PEE <0% and GI >80%) of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV effluents on germination and epicotyl elongation of R. sativus and T. aestivum were observed in Petri dishes bioassays. However, toxic effects of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV and AS-Cl on seeds germination and epicotyl elongation of both plant species were detected in soil samples (PGI and PEE >0% and GI <80%). Only R. sativus seeds to be irrigated with AS-UV achieved GI values above 86% for all concentrations evaluated. These results indicated that AS-UV effluent had a positive effect on seeds germination and can be recommended for treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation.

Rice production with minimal irrigation and no nitrogen fertilizer by intensive use of treated municipal wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Muramatsu ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Atsushi Sasaki ◽  
Hiroaki Ito ◽  
Akihiko Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
New System

We designed a new cultivation system of rice with circulated irrigation to remove nitrogen from treated municipal wastewater effectively and assessed the possibility of nitrogen removal in the new system without any adverse effects on rice production through bench-scale experiments through two seasons. Overgrowth of the rice plant, which can lead to lodging and tasteless rice, was found in the first season probably because nitrogen supply based on standard practice in normal paddy fields was too much in the closed irrigation system. In the second season, therefore, the amount of treated wastewater initially applied to the system was reduced but this resulted in a considerably decreased yield. On the other hand, the taste of the rice was significantly improved. The two-season experiments revealed that the new system enabled rice production with minimal irrigation (approximately 50% on the yield base compared to normal paddy fields) and no nitrogen fertilizer. The system also achieved >95% removal of nitrogen from the treated wastewater used for circulated irrigation. The accumulation of harmful metals in the rice was not observed after one season of cultivation in the new system. The accumulation after cultivation using the same soil repeatedly for a longer time should be examined by further studies.

scholarly journals WELLS AND BOREHOLES PHYSICOCHEMICAL WATER QUALITY EVALUATION IN THE ATAKPAMÉ COMMUNE UNDER AGRICULTURE AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IMPACT .

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Most of the drinking water supplies of Atakpamé town is assured by wells and boreholes. The quality of this water is threatened by human activities. This study is to evaluate the impact of agricultural techniques and wastewater management on the evolution of the physicochemical quality of well and borehole water, for an understanding of the acquisition of groundwater mineralization in this commune. The water was collected and analyzed and, the results submitted to statistical processing using the software XLSTAT 2018.6 shows that the most downgrading physicochemical parameters are pH, conductivity and nitrates, compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Factor analysis and correlation between the parameters explain the source of nitrate pollution which is linked to the farming and other human activities. The hydro chemical facies represented in the Piper diagram using the diagram software are in majority chlorinated, sodipotassic. Qgis software led to the spatial representation of the nitrate pollution. This pollution is high in Abotèssè, Aféyé-Kpota, Idiotsè and Ikotadi localities. The Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC) of sampled water point gives four important homogeneous subgroups for future sampling selecting a point while representing the subgroup under surveillance.

Kinetic Study of Nitrite Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using Ion Exchange Resins

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1513-1516
Author(s):  
Mihaela Sica ◽  
Camelia Draghici ◽  
Anca Duta ◽  
Carmen Teodosiu
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Parallel Mechanisms ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Nitrite Removal ◽  
Shrinking Core ◽  
Exchange Resins

Nitrite removal from municipal wastewater is mandatory considering the treated wastewater reuse. Removal on an anion exchanger leads to simple wastewater treatment installations, easy to handle, to exploit and to maintain. This study reports on the performance of anion exchange resin on removing nitrite from synthetic solutions. Equilibrium data could be well fitted using the Langmuir model, confirming ion exchange without any parallel mechanisms. Kinetic study of the process is evaluated using the shrinking core model and the dominant rate mechanism is estimate.

Parasitological risk assessment from wastewater reuse for disposal in soil in developing countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana A. Cutolo ◽  
Roque P. Piveli ◽  
Jéferson G. Santos ◽  
Célia R. Montes ◽  
Gilberto Sundefeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Average Density ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

The purpose of this work is to analyze the parasitological risks of treated wastewater reuse from a stabilization pond in the city of Piracicaba, in the State of São Paulo (Brazil), and the level of treatment required to protect public health. Samples were taken from raw and treated wastewater in stabilization ponds and submitted to a parasitological, microbiological and physicochemical analysis. The study revealed on treated wastewater the presence of Ascaris sp. and Entamoeba coli with an average density of 1 cysts L−1 and 6 eggs L−1, respectively. For Ascaris, the annual risks of infection due to the accidental ingestion of wastewater irrigation were 7.5 × 10−2 in 208 days and 8.7 × 10−2 in 240 days. For Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli in treated wastewater, the average density was 1.0 × 105 MPN/100 ml and 2.7 × 104 MPN/100 ml respectively, representing 99% and 94% removal efficiency, respectively. For BOD, COD, TS and TSS removal efficiency was 69, 80, 50 and 71%, respectively. The removal efficiency for nitrogen; ammonia nitrogen and total phosphate was 24, 19 and 68%, respectively. The average density of helminths eggs in treated wastewater is higher compared to the density of the limit value of ≤1 egg L−1 and tolerable risk is above the level recommended by the World Health Organization. Multiple barriers are necessary for the reduction of organic matter, chemical contaminants and parasites from treated wastewater. Standards for the sanitary control of treated wastewater to be reused in agricultural irrigation areas should be compiled for developing countries in order to minimize public health risks.

Wastewater Reuse Potential in Turkey: Legal and Technical Aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Z. Sarikaya ◽  
Veysel Eroglu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

Treated wastewater is one of the potential water resources in especially arid and semi arid regions. Overall, Turkey is not poor in terms of water sources. However, due to distribution of water in time and in space water shortage is felt. Wastewater reuse potential is especially high during summer months for agricultural and recreational purposes. In coastal areas of Turkey treated wastewaters from the coastal settlements are reused to irrigate the green areas and parks. Surplus effluents are discharged into the sea by use of marine outfall pipes. Extended aeration type of activated sludge processes followed by chlorination is the most common form of the treatment. Agricultural reuse is encouraged in inland rural regions. Simple wastewater treatment methods such as stabilization ponds are popular in rural areas. Water quality standards regulating irrigational wastewater reuse are recently set in Turkey. Guidelines given by World Health Organization (WHO) are generally adopted except the limits for the intestinal nematodes and the residual chlorine. Irrigational reuse standards as well as the degree of the treatment have to be revised based on the local experiences. Assurance of a given effluent quality is one of the major problems in management of the wastewater reuse in rural areas. Local examples are presented to illustrate this point.

scholarly journals Insights into Gastrointestinal Virome: Etiology and Public Exposure

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2794
Author(s):  
Islam Nour ◽  
Atif Hanif ◽  
Martin Ryan ◽  
Saleh Eifan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Public Exposure

Recycled wastewater is widely used owing to the potential shortage of water resources for drinking purposes, recreational activities, and irrigation. However, gut microbiomes of both human beings and animals negatively affect this water quality. Wastewater contamination is continuously monitored, using fecal contamination indicators or microbial source tracking approaches, to oppose arising enteric infections. Viral gastroenteritis is considered a principal manifestation of waterborne pathogenic virome-mediated infections, which are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, acquired enteric viromes are the common cause of infantile acute diarrhea. Moreover, public exposure to wastewater via wastewater discharge or treated wastewater reuse has led to a significant surge of public health concerns. In this review, we discussed the etiology of waterborne enteric viromes, notably gastrointestinal virus infections, and public exposure to municipal wastewater. Conclusively, the early human virome is affected mainly by birth mode, dietary behavior, and maternal health, and could provide a signature of disease incidence, however, more virome diversification is acquired in adulthood. A multi-phase treatment approach offered an effective means for the elimination of wastewater reuse mediated public risks. The insights highlighted in this paper offer essential information for defining probable etiologies and assessing risks related to exposure to discharged or reused wastewater.

The impact of irrigation water management techniques on the performance of rice using treated wastewater reuse in Durban, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka Toyin Busari ◽  
Aidan Senzanje ◽  
Alfred O. Odindo ◽  
Chris A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The need to cultivate effluent-irrigated rice is paramount and synonymous with treated wastewater reuse, recycling and water resources management. A trial in a peri-urban set-up with a low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment system (DEWATS) was carried out in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons to assess the effect of irrigation water reuse management techniques on the yield and water productivity of rice. It was hypothesized that anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) irrigation water management does not have an effect on the yield of peri-urban grown rice. The impacts of irrigation water management techniques were very significant (P < 0.001) on the number of irrigation events, amount of irrigation and daily water balance. The impact was not significant (P > 0.05) on the tiller numbers per plant; it was however significant (P < 0.05) on the panicle numbers per plant. The effects were not significant (P > 0.05) on the plant height but significant (P < 0.05) on the yield rice for both trials. The effect was also significant (P < 0.05) on water productivity. The result proved that the hypothesis be rejected. It could be concluded that significant potential exists for applying wastewater reuse for non-drinking applications such as irrigation.

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