The impact of irrigation water management techniques on the performance of rice using treated wastewater reuse in Durban, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiaka Toyin Busari ◽  
Aidan Senzanje ◽  
Alfred O. Odindo ◽  
Chris A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The need to cultivate effluent-irrigated rice is paramount and synonymous with treated wastewater reuse, recycling and water resources management. A trial in a peri-urban set-up with a low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment system (DEWATS) was carried out in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons to assess the effect of irrigation water reuse management techniques on the yield and water productivity of rice. It was hypothesized that anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) irrigation water management does not have an effect on the yield of peri-urban grown rice. The impacts of irrigation water management techniques were very significant (P < 0.001) on the number of irrigation events, amount of irrigation and daily water balance. The impact was not significant (P > 0.05) on the tiller numbers per plant; it was however significant (P < 0.05) on the panicle numbers per plant. The effects were not significant (P > 0.05) on the plant height but significant (P < 0.05) on the yield rice for both trials. The effect was also significant (P < 0.05) on water productivity. The result proved that the hypothesis be rejected. It could be concluded that significant potential exists for applying wastewater reuse for non-drinking applications such as irrigation.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of irrigation water management techniques on (taro) madumbe (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) grown with anaerobic filter (AF) effluent at Newlands, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Busari ◽  
A. Senzanje ◽  
A. O. Odindo ◽  
C. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Management Techniques

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of irrigation water management techniques on the growth and yield parameters of madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) irrigated with anaerobic filter (AF) effluent. The irrigation water management treatments considered were alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flooding irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF). It was hypothesized that irrigation techniques with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent have a significant effect on the growth and yield of madumbe. The effects of the treatments were significant (P < 0.05) on the number of irrigation events, amount of irrigated water and daily water balance. The treatments had no effect on the growth parameters (plant height, leaf number and leaf area index (LAI) (P > 0.05)). The treatments effects were, however, highly significant (P < 0.001) on the yield components (biomass, corm mass, corm number, corm size, harvest index), corm yield and water productivity (WP). AWD treatments had the highest WP. The highest average corm yields of 7.5 and 9.84 t/ha for WWF treatments for 2017 and 2018 seasons were obtained. It is concluded from this study that both AWD and CFI resulted in yield reduction compared with WWF, and as such, is not recommended to improve the productivity of madumbe.

Social Capital and Irrigation Water Management in Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum in the 1950s and 1960s

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

This chapter covers the period from the 1950s to the 1960s based on the data collected from in-depth interviews with key informants, villagers, and state representatives as well as from group interviews. The first part identifies the actors of the village field, discusses their ability to exercise social capital functions, social control, and collective action, and examines the main social relationships that permitted the exercise of social capital functions. The second part analyzes the formation and functioning of informal water user groups in Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum at the mesqa level, examining the degree of autonomy of the irrigation water management field and the extent of the impact of the village field on irrigation water management in both governorates.

Evaluation of phytotoxicity of effluents from activated sludge and constructed wetland system for wastewater reuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Leiva ◽  
Adrián Albarrán ◽  
Daniela López ◽  
Gladys Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Epicotyl Elongation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of wastewater treated with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge (AS) system using disinfection treatment such chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) system. To assess the impact of the reuse of different effluents (HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV), bioassays using seeds of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) and Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum), were performed on both Petri dishes and soil. Different treated wastewater concentrations were varied (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and the percentage of germination inhibition (PGI), percentage of epicotyl elongation (PEE) and germination index (GI) were determined. Positive effects (PGI and PEE <0% and GI >80%) of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV effluents on germination and epicotyl elongation of R. sativus and T. aestivum were observed in Petri dishes bioassays. However, toxic effects of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV and AS-Cl on seeds germination and epicotyl elongation of both plant species were detected in soil samples (PGI and PEE >0% and GI <80%). Only R. sativus seeds to be irrigated with AS-UV achieved GI values above 86% for all concentrations evaluated. These results indicated that AS-UV effluent had a positive effect on seeds germination and can be recommended for treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation.

scholarly journals Effect of intercropping madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) on yield and land productivity under different irrigation water management techniques with effluent water

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Busari ◽  
A Senzanje ◽  
AO Odindo ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Management Techniques

The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.  LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.

scholarly journals Effect of intercropping madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) on yield and land productivity under different irrigation water management techniques with effluent water

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
TI Busari ◽  
A Senzanje ◽  
AO Odindo ◽  
CA Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Management Techniques

The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.  LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.

Water User Organizations and Social Capital

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia M. Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water User ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
The Impact

Chapters 3 and 4 four set out the findings of four case studies in two different governorates, Kafr al-Sheikh and Fayoum, covering two periods: the 1950s and 1960s, and the 1970s onward. They described and analyzed similar village fields and contrasting irrigation water management fields. This chapter draws on this material to examine the role played by social capital in influencing the functioning of water users' organizations (WUOs). First, it sets out the findings from using the developed framework in the four case study areas. This is followed by a discussion, based on these findings, of the limitations of Putnam's theory and approach in explaining the impact of social capital on the functioning of WUOs. Next, it discusses the enhancements of the conceptual framework based on the empirical findings and their theoretical implications. Finally, the chapter looks at how the framework can be generalized.

scholarly journals Prediction of water reuse potential in South African water management areas: A linear regression and Bayesian network approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mamane ◽  
A Abimbade ◽  
A Ilemobade
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
South African ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Integrated Analysis

ABSTRACT Increasing scarcity of freshwater resources and growing environmental awareness have given rise to the use of treated wastewater as an additional source of water supply. However, the amount of wastewater that can be reclaimed for reuse is subject to many factors, ranging from technical to socio-economic, environmental and institutional. This paper presents two prediction models for wastewater reuse potential in South Africa. The proposed models, namely a Bayesian Network model and a Linear Regression model, were used as a platform for integrated analysis of features such as water use, and socio-demographic and environmental factors. A dataset from the sub-regions of the 19 water management areas in South Africa was employed as input into the models in order to analyse these features and to consequently predict water reuse potential. Keywords: water reuse, wastewater recycling, Bayesian network, linear regression

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document