Characteristics of various forms of phosphorus and their relationships in the sediments of Haizi Lake, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2688-2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsu Bi ◽  
Xiaopin Guo ◽  
Zhihong Cai ◽  
Xiufang Gao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
River Region ◽  
Carbonate Fluorapatite ◽  
Exchangeable P ◽  
P Distribution ◽  
Total P

The phosphorus (P) distribution in the sediments of Haizi Lake from the middle reach of the Yangtze River region, China, was investigated using a sequential chemical extraction procedure. P forms and concentrations of sediment samples taken at 25 sites over the whole lake were measured. The relationships between various forms of P in sediments and dissolved P in the overlying water were also discussed. Results showed that the concentrations of total P (TP) in the sediments ranged from 404 to 670 mg kg−1, with an average of 503 mg kg−1. The exchangeable P (Ex-P), Al-bound P (Al-P), Fe-bound P (Fe-P), occluded P (Oc-P), authigenic carbonate fluorapatite + biogenic apatite + CaCO3-associated P (ACa-P), detrital apatite + other inorganic P (De-P) and organic P (Or-P) accounted for, on average, 0.52, 0.04, 10.9, 32.0, 7.4, 20.1 and 29.0% of TP, respectively. Relevance analysis indicated that Oc-P, ACa-P and De-P, as the majority forms of inorganic P, were less correlated to others. The significant correlations between Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Or-P and TP suggested the probability of reciprocal transformation. It was suggested that Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Or-P and TP in the sediments might be released easily to the water interface, resulting in sustained lake eutrophication.

Phosphorus Fractions and its Adsorption Thermodynamics onto Sediments from the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5093-5097
Author(s):  
Bei Gang Li ◽  
Pei Yi Liu ◽  
Qin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
P Adsorption ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The form distribution of phosphorus (P) in ten surface sediments from the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China, was studied using the sequential chemical extraction procedure－the standards, measurements and testing harmonized procedure. The equilibrium and thermodynamics of P adsorption onto sediments were evaluated. Five fractions of sedimentary P, including metal oxide bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), inorganic P (IP), organic P (OP) and concentrated HCl P (total P, TP), were separately quantified. The results indicated that the contents of different P fractions in sediments varied greatly. The mean of TP content was 657.57 mg/kg, and averages of NaOH-P, OP, HCl-P and IP contents represented 4.03%, 8.85%, 82.10% and 88.69% of TP, respectively. HCl-P was the major component of IP and TP. the amount of potential bioavailable P was approximately estimated 12.88% of TP. The equilibrium data of P adsorption on different sediments fitted perfectly for Langmuir and Freundlich models. the adsorption amounts of P decreased with increasing temperature. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters ΔG and ΔH indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption.

Study on the modes of occurrence of rare earth elements in coal fly ash by statistics and a sequential chemical extraction procedure

Fuel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhe Pan ◽  
Changchun Zhou ◽  
Mengcheng Tang ◽  
Shanshan Cao ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Modes Of Occurrence ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction

scholarly journals Heavy metals Fractionation in Bagmati River Sediments, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Sadhana Pradhanang Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Bagmati River

The aim of this work was speciation of heavy metals on the level of the geochemical background; in bottom sediments of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu valley. The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of the Bagmati River were investigated. Sediment samples from six locations were collected and characterized for metals content (cadmium, lead, copper and zinc). The determination of extractable heavy metals such as, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn, in the sediment samples was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry. The study has been conducted using five steps sequential extraction procedure described by tessier. Apart from total concentration, the distribution of the above metals into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual, was studied by means of an analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extraction. The result obtained showed total metal concentration to be in the range of Cd 0.89-2.29 mg/kg; Pb 57.58-221mg/kg; Cu 52.2 -198.17 mg/kg and 78.23-362.90 mg/kg in all the areas studied. The fractionated toxic metals like Cd, and Pb were observed to be in the range of 15-36%, and 11- 29%, respectively, in mobile or bio-available fractions of sediments. This potentially mobile fraction could pose a serious threat, with respect to contamination of waterways and aquatic environment.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 9(1) 2015, p.119-128

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus fractionation in calcareous soil as affected by organic amendments application

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Adel Ghoneim, et al.
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchangeable P

<p>Understanding of P transformations following organic amendments addition to highly calcareous soils is necessary for developing better management practices that can help enhance P fertilizer use efficiency. Phosphorus solubility and availability for plant uptake under the conditions of arid calcareous soil is very low, making P nutrient supply a critical issue under these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various types of organic amendments (chicken compost, cow compost and a mixture of humic-fulvic acid) applied alone at different rates of KH2PO4 fertilizer on P fractions in calcareous soil using the sequential chemical extraction method. Amended calcareous soil was incubated under laboratory conditions and soil samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of the incubation periods. Soil was sequentially extracted and analyzed for P different fractions. The results indicated that the addition of chicken and cow compost increased soluble and exchangeable-P and Ca-P fractions in calcareous soil and the increases depend on application rates. The results indicated that combination of chicken and cow compost with different KH2PO4 fertilizer application rates increased the concentration of soluble and exchangeable-P in the soil compared to organic amendments or KH2PO4 fertilizer applied alone. The P associated with Ca was the dominant P fractions in soil, ranging between 51 to 59% regardless of the different treatment and the period of incubations. The Al- and Fe-associated P fractions varied between 2 and 9%, with the maximum value being observed at the eighth week of incubation. The residual-P fraction ranged between 5 and 22% at different incubation periods.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metal removal efficiencies by naturally fermented and a. niger fermented pineapple wastes from contaminated sewage sludge

2007 ◽  
pp. 429-438
Author(s):  
Dominica del Mundo Dacera ◽  
Sandhya Babel
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Heavy metals in sewage sludge can pose a long term environmental risk due to their toxicity,non-biodegradability and consequent persistence, This study assessed the efficiencies ofvarious organic extractants such as naturally fermented and A�pergillus niger (A. niger)fermented raw liquid from pineapple wastes, in the chemical extraction process, to extract Cr,Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, from anaerobically digested sewage sludge in Thailand. Pineapple wastesare a good source of sugar and protein and have been utilized experimentally in theproduction of citric acid by fennentation with the fungus A. niger. Comparison of theextraction efficiencies of these extractants with commercial citric acid was also investigated attwo hours leaching time and pH 3 and greater. Results of the study revealed that at pHapproaching 4, A. niger fermented liquid seemed to exhibit the best removal efficiency forpractically all metals studied, attaining as much as 72% removal for Zn, 70% for Ni, 50% forCr and 37% for Cu, although effectivity of removal seemed to be less apparent for Pb. Themost readily solubilized metal seemed to be Zn with the most removal of 92% attained bynaturally fermented raw liquid, The effectivity of removal by A. niger fem1ented liquid maybe due to the presence of citric acid and other carboxylic acids as confirmed by the HPLC andIR studies of the fem1ented liquid, Moreover, variation in metal removal efficiencies may beattributed to the fonns of metals in the sludge, as evidenced by chemical speciation studiesusing sequential chemical extraction procedure, with metals predominantly in theexchangeable and oxidizable phases showing ease of leachability,

scholarly journals Impact of Mining Dump on the Accumulation and Mobility of Metals in the Bytomka River Sediments

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jabłońska-Czapla ◽  
Sebastian Szopa ◽  
Czesława Rosik-Dulewska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction

Abstract The research aim was to determine the long-term impact of the mine waste stored at the coal waste dump Hałda Ruda on the content of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the Bytomka River. It is a watercourse flowing along this coal waste dump and has been under its influence for over fifty years. The research also attempted to determine the seasonality of changes (2 years) and mobility of selected elements. The article presents total contents of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the bottom sediments collected from the Bytomka River. It also focuses on the distribution of these elements in particular geochemical fractions determined with the Tessier's sequential chemical extraction procedure. Total element contents were determined with an EDPXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) technique. The extractants of particular Tessier's fractions were determined quantitatively with an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) spectrometer. The research results show that the stored waste significantly influences the contents of heavy metals in the Bytomka River bottom sediments. The lowest concentration of heavy metals was observed at the B1 spot (above the dump), while the highest one was measured at the B3 spot (below the dump). Sequential chemical extraction of the bottom sediments indicates that the Zn content in the ion-exchange and carbonate fractions diminished within a year. Nevertheless, Zn bound to Fe and Mn oxides acted in the opposite way. Mn, Zn and Pb are the most dangerous elements from the viewpoint of environmental hazards, as their total concentrations were high. Moreover, their high contents were observed in the most mobile (ion-exchange and carbonate) fractions. Extremely toxic Cd was bound to the oxide fraction to the largest extent. Cu was mainly bound to the organic fraction while environmentally hazardous Cr was bound to the residual fraction.

THE INFLUENCE OF TOPOGRAPHY ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOIL PHOSPHORUS ACROSS A NARROW ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. ROBERTS ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
J. R. BETTANY
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Total P

A sequential extraction procedure was used to determine phosphorus fractions (resin, bicarbonate, hydroxide, sonicated hydroxide, acid and acid-peroxide digest with separate organic and inorganic P determinations) in surface and subsurface horizons taken from the upper, mid- and lower slope positions of four catenas (representing Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozemic soils, and a Luvisolic soil) which encompass a narrow environmental gradient of climate (annual precipitation: 300–475 mm) and vegetation. Trends in the local distribution of organic and inorganic soil P between upper and lower slope positions in any one catena were similar to the regional distribution patterns across all soil zones. Concentration of organic P, in both the surface and subsurface horizons, increased from the upper to the lower slope positions and from the Brown to the Black soils, while inorganic P decreased. The largest single organic fraction (hydroxide extractable) accounted for up to 22 and 17% of the total P (surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). Acid extractable P dominated the inorganic fractions, accounting for 40–63% of the total P (surface and subsurface horizons, respectively). The distribution of organic P along the catenas and among the soil zones was related to the transformations of inorganic P caused by differences in weathering intensity between slope positions and across the Province. Key words: Catena, climo-toposequence, sequential P extraction

scholarly journals Polarity-Based Sequential Extraction as a Simple Tool to Reveal the Structural Complexity of Humic Acids

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Enev ◽  
Petr Sedláček ◽  
Leona Kubíková ◽  
Šárka Sovová ◽  
Leoš Doskočil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Organic Fractions

A sequential chemical extraction with a defined series of eluotropic organic solvents with an increasing polarity (trichloromethane < ethyl acetate < acetone < acetonitrile < n-propanol < methanol) was performed on peat-bog humic acid. Six organic fractions were obtained and subjected to a physicochemical characterization utilizing methods of structural and compositional analysis. Advanced spectroscopic techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR), total luminescence, and liquid-state 13C NMR spectrometry were combined with elemental analysis of the organic fractions. In total, the procedure extracted about 57% (wt.) of the initial material; the individual fractions amounted from 1.1% to 19.7%. As expected, the apolar solvents preferentially released lipid-like components, while polar solvents provided organic fractions rich in oxygen-containing polar groups with structural parameters closer to the original humic material. The fraction extracted with acetonitrile shows distinct structural features with its lower aromaticity and high content of protein-like structural motifs. The last two—alcohol extracted—fractions show the higher content of carbohydrate residues and their specific (V-type) fluorescence suggests the presence of plant pigment residues. The extraction procedure is suggested for further studies as a simple but effective way to decrease the structural complexity of a humic material enabling its detail and more conclusive compositional characterization.

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