Effects of the functional groups attached to aromatic organic compounds on their adsorption onto preloaded activated carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1799-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhaoyang ◽  
Jiang Bicun ◽  
Li Aimin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Stacking ◽  
Micropore Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

The adsorption of phenol, p-nitrophenol, aniline, and nitrobenzene onto a commercial granular activated carbon (GAC: F400) preloaded with tannic acid (TA), a model background contaminant, was investigated. Compared with virgin GAC, the adsorption capacities of the four selected aromatic organic compounds (AOCs) onto GACs preloaded with TA at three densities were affected significantly. Also, the relationship between the adsorption capacities of AOCs and the characteristics of GACs was further discussed and clarified in this manuscript. The differences in the functional groups attached to the AOCs did not affect the similar linear relationship between the micropore surface area and their capacities to AOCs. However, the adsorption capacities of AOCs on TA-loaded GAC were affected by the different functional groups on the four AOCs: 67.6% of the capacity of aniline for virgin F400 remained on F400c (a preloaded GAC), compared with 23.8, 25.9, and 36.5% of phenol, p-nitrophenol, and nitrobenzene, respectively. The diversity of adsorption behavior of the four AOCs with different substituents was the result of hybrid contributions, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic effect and aromatic stacking.

Solvent Effect Correlations for Acetone: IR versus NMR Data for the Carbonyl Group

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nyquist ◽  
C. L. Putzig ◽  
D. L. Hasha
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Chemical Shift ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Chemical Shift Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shift Data

A linear relationship is found to exist between the carbonyl stretching frequency ( vC=O) and the carbon-13 chemical shift data [δ(13C=O)] for the carbonyl group of 0.345 mole % acetone in a mixed solvent solution ranging from 1.5 to 70.8 mole % CHCl3/CCl4. The correlation shows that as vC=O decreases in frequency δ(13C=O) increases in frequency as the concentration of CHCl3 increases in the acetone/CHCl3/CCl4 solutions. However, the relationship between vC=O and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 and between δ(13C=O) and the mole % CHCl3/CCl4 is not linear over the concentration range studied. Both hydrogen bonding and bulk dielectric effects most likely contribute to the change in both the IR and NMR data with change in the CHCl3/CCl4 ratio.

scholarly journals Chemisorption Characteristics of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Aqueous Solution onto Different Adsorbents

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhenghao ◽  
Xia Mingfang ◽  
Wu Lin ◽  
Chen Jinlong ◽  
Gu Yunlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Simultaneous Process

The adsorption properties towards 2,4-dichlorophenol of several adsorption resins, viz. ZH-01, ZH-02 and ZH-03 respectively modified with different functional groups, and of granular activated carbon (GAC) have been compared experimentally with those of Amberlite XAD-4. This paper focuses on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviours and the confirmation of chemisorption characteristics. An equation relating the amount chemisorbed and the assumed chemisorption equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in the aqueous solution was established. This shows that the data may be fitted perfectly by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacities measured at different temperatures and the static desorption efficiency reveal that the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol from water onto ZH-01, ZH-02, ZH-03 or GAC occurs via a simultaneous process involving physical adsorption and chemical reaction.

scholarly journals Influence of surface functional groups and solution pH on removal of organic compounds and a heavy metal by activated carbon

TANSO ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (223) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Kato ◽  
Motoi Machida ◽  
Qingrong Qian ◽  
Hideki Tatsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Solution Ph

scholarly journals The effect of adding hydroxyl functional groups and increasing molar mass on the viscosity of organics relevant to secondary organic aerosols

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Grayson ◽  
Mijung Song ◽  
Erin Evoy ◽  
Mary Alice Upshur ◽  
Marzieh Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Carbon Backbone ◽  
Structure Property Relationship ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In the following we determine the viscosity of four polyols (2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-butanetetrol, and 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol) and three saccharides (glucose, raffinose and maltohexaose) mixed with water. The polyol studies were carried out to quantify the relationship between viscosity and the number of hydroxyl (OH) functional groups in organic molecules, whilst the saccharide studies were carried out to quantify the relationship between viscosity and molar mass for highly oxidised organic molecules. Each of the polyols was of viscosity less than or equal to ≤ 6.5e2 Pa s, and a linear relationship was observed between log10 (viscosity) and the number of OH functional groups (R2 ≥ 0.99) for several carbon backbones. The linear relationship suggests that viscosity increases by 1–2 orders of magnitude with the addition of an OH functional group to a carbon backbone. For saccharide-water particles, studies at 28 % RH show an increase in viscosity of 3.6–6.0 orders of magnitude as the molar mass of the saccharide is increased from 180 to 342 g mol−1, and studies at 77–80 % RH, show an increase in viscosity 4.6–6.2 orders of magnitude as molar mass increases from 180 to 991 g mol−1. These results suggest oligomerisation of highly oxidised compounds in atmospheric SOM could lead to large increases in viscosity, and may be at least partially responsible for the high viscosities that are observed in some SOM. Finally, two quantitative structure-property relationship models were used to predict the viscosity of the four polyols studied. The model of Sastri and Rao (1992) was determined to over-predict the viscosity of each of the polyols, with the over-prediction being up to 19 orders of magnitude. The viscosities predicted by the model of Marrero-Morejón and Pardillo-Fontdevila (2000) were much closer to the experimental values, with no values differing by more than 1.3 orders of magnitude.

Adsorption of Zn2+ and Ni2+ in a binary aqueous solution by biosorbents derived from sawdust and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis Gwenzi ◽  
Tinashe Musarurwa ◽  
Phillip Nyamugafata ◽  
Nhamo Chaukura ◽  
Allen Chaparadza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
The Relationship

The Zn2+ and Ni2+ adsorption capacities of six biosorbents derived from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (WH) and sawdust (SD) were investigated, with activated carbon as the control. The biosorbents were raw biomass (WH, SD), charred WH (BWH) and SD and sulphonated bio-chars of WH and SD. The effect of the initial solution pH and Zn2+ and Ni2+ concentrations on adsorption capacity was studied, and adsorption isotherms for Zn2+ and Ni2+ evaluated. The initial solution pH significantly influenced adsorption (p < 0.05) but the relationship was generally nonlinear. Zn2+ suppressed Ni2+ adsorption on all biosorbents. The adsorption capacities of the biosorbents were statistically (p ≤ 0.05) similar to or higher than that of activated carbon. The effects of pyrolysis and bio-char sulphonation on adsorption were inconsistent and dependent on biomass type; in most cases bio-char was a better biosorbent than the original biomass, while sulphonation resulted in less or comparable adsorption. Adsorption data obeyed at least one of three isotherms (linear, Langmuir and Freundlich) (r2 = 0.90-0.995, p < 0.05). The study revealed that low-cost biosorbents may be used as alternatives to activated carbon in applications including selective separation of Zn2+ from multi-metal ion solutions containing Ni2+, and water and wastewater treatment.

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