Modeling mineral phase change chemistry of groundwater in a rural-urban fringe

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1502-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Prashant K. Srivastava ◽  
M. Gupta ◽  
S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Urban Fringe ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Water Facies

This research paper aims to determine the genetic origin of the chemical elements in groundwater. It deals with the results of physicochemical parameters, to evaluate the hydro-geochemistry of groundwater in rural-urban fringe of district Bareilly, India. Pre- and post-monsoon sampling has been carried out, which reveals inter-seasonal variability effect on the hydro-geochemical processes. Geochemical modeling especially computation of saturation index was undertaken using the WATEQ4F model. Majority of samples fall in the category of undersaturation, which further suggests that groundwater still has potential to dissolve more minerals. Chemical categorizations of groundwater samples were performed with the help of the Aquachem model. Grouping of groundwater on the Piper diagram reveals a common composition and origin. In most of the area, water facies is of Ca2+−HCO3− type in both the seasons. It also indicates that in pre-monsoon, ion exchange is the dominant process, whereas in post-monsoon, both ion exchanges as well as reverse ion exchanges are reported in the groundwater of the study area.

Geochemical modeling and multivariate statistical approach for assessing the groundwater quality, and mechanism of arsenic mobilization in Bahraich region, Indo-Gangetic plains, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Usman Khan ◽  
Nachiketa Rai ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Sulfide Oxidation ◽  
Dissolution Mechanism ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Groundwater Samples

<p>As contamination in groundwater has been reported from various regions of the Indian subcontinent but no data related to heavy metal contamination of groundwater has been reported for the Bahraich area in the Indo-Gangetic plains. We report the first dataset on arsenic contamination and groundwater hydrogeochemistry, in Bahraich. This includes concentrations of heavy metal such as As, Mn, and Fe, along with major cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>and Mg<sup>2+</sup>) and anions (F<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), along with various physico-chemical parameters such as EC, pH, and Eh from samples collected during two extensive field campaigns conducted during pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons respectively. The combined use of geochemical modeling and multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis (CA) suggest several processes affecting the geochemistry of groundwater including the lithological characteristics of aquifers and anthropogenic activities.</p><p>The groundwater of the study area predominantly belongs to the Ca-Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub> type hydrochemical facies. HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> signatures of groundwater indicate the influence of silicate weathering and carbonate dissolution processes with the insignificant role of evaporate dissolution mechanism. As concentration was found to range from 0.6 μg/L to ~100 μg/L with almost 40% of the collected samples exceeding the WHO defined limit of 10 μg/L for drinking water. 70 % of the groundwater samples were found to have very high Fe concentrations exceeding the WHO guideline of 0.3 mg/l in drinking water. Mn concentrations in the groundwater samples were relatively low with only ~10 % of the samples exceeding the WHO defined limit for Mn (400 μg/L). The majority of the groundwater samples were found to be anoxic in nature showing low NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> & SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> concentrations, high Fe & Mn and DOC concentrations, and negative Eh values.</p><p>Results from this study show that the reductive dissolution mechanism of iron oxyhydroxide is the dominant mechanism responsible for arsenic release in groundwater of the region, ruling out any role of sulfide oxidation and alkali desorption.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Análise geoquímica das águas subterrâneas no município de Boquira, no semiárido baiano - Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Gomes ◽  
Danilo Melo ◽  
Maíra da Costa ◽  
José Ângelo dos Anjos ◽  
Michael Trinta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Ionic Relations ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Health Organization

The geochemical analysis was carried out in the center-south portion of the state of Bahia, in the semi-arid region of Bahia, where outcrop the Paramirim Complex, Boquira Unit, Boquira Granite, Veredinha Granite, Serra do Espinhaço, detritus coverings and alluvial deposits. The Boquira Unit is known for lead-zinc mineralization. In this unit operated the Boquira mine, considered the largest lead and zinc mine in Brazil, until it was suddenly abandoned, leaving significant environmental liabilities of toxic metals such as lead, zinc, silver, barium, copper, chromium and nickel. To characterize the groundwater 16 physical-chemical parameters from 24 wells were used, obtained from the Water and Sanitation Engineering Company of Bahia - CERB. Its classification was made in the Piper Diagram and the ionic relations in meq/L. To evaluate the quality of the water we used the Consolidation Ordinance no 5/2017 of the Ministry of Health and World Health Organization. With the PHREEQC 3.5 hydrochemical model, the saturation index of the analyzed elements was calculated. The results showed predominance of calcium chloride waters (71% of the samples), with ionic relations of type rCa2+> rMg2+>rNa+ and rCl->rHCO3->rSO42+. Geochemical modeling indicated calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and quartz (SiO2) as the main minerals with a tendency to precipitation. The first two were associated with the dissolution of the Boquira Unit carbonates and the third one with the quartzites of the Serra do Espinhaço Formation. The concentrations of calcium and chloride showed 54% and 25% of the samples above the Maximum Allowable Value for human consumption, respectively, representing a risk factor to the health of the population in the area.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis and Geochemical Signatures of Shallow Groundwater in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing, Southwestern China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2833
Author(s):  
Si Chen ◽  
Zhonghua Tang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jialing Wu ◽  
Chang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Hydrogeochemical processes and quality assessment for shallow groundwater are pivotal issues to be solved in many regions over the world due to the easy access of shallow groundwater. In this study, eighty-six water samples were collected from shallow aquifers of Chongqing, China, during July–September 2019. Multivariate statistical techniques, major ion ratios, and geochemical modeling were integrated to investigate hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling factors. Afterwards, groundwater quality in spatial was classified by entropy-weighted water quality index and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis. Groundwater samples were alkaline and possessed high total dissolved solids (TDS) values. Two-group samples were distinguished as mix cations-HCO3-SO4 (group 1) and Ca-Mg-SO4 (group 2) facies. Hydrogeochemical compositions of group 1 samples were dominated by silicate dissolution and ion exchange, while sulfate and calcite dissolution were the main factors influencing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of group 2. The overall quality of groundwater samples varied greatly from excellent quality to extremely poor quality. Group 1 samples were found with excellent and good quality and suitable for drinking purposes. Group 2 samples were all unsuitable for direct drinking purposes as the quality varied from medium to extremely poor, but were spatially limited. Groundwaters with relatively poor quality were due to dissolution of sulfate that were locally enriched in the aquifers. The new findings of this study are expected to provide the reference for future management and sustainable exploitation of groundwater in Chongqing.

scholarly journals Study of groundwater contamination and drinking suitability in basaltic terrain of Maharashtra, India through PIG and multivariate statistical techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasant Wagh ◽  
Shrikant Mukate ◽  
Aniket Muley ◽  
Ajaykumar Kadam ◽  
Dipak Panaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Ions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract The integration of pollution index of groundwater (PIG), multivariate statistical techniques including correlation matrix (CM), principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and various ionic plots was applied to elucidate the influence of natural and anthropogenic inputs on groundwater chemistry and quality of the Kadava river basin. A total of 80 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for major ions during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of 2012. Analytical results inferred that Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4 and NO3 surpass the desirable limit (DL) and permissible limit (PL) of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in both the seasons. The elevated content of total dissolved solids (TDS), Cl, SO4, Mg, Na and NO3 is influenced by precipitation and agricultural dominance. PIG results inferred that 52.5 and 35%, 30 and 37.5%, 12.5 and 20%, 2.5 and 5% groundwater samples fall in insignificant, low, moderate and high pollution category (PC) in pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. PC 1 confirms salinity controlled process due to high inputs of TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl and SO4. Also, PC 2 suggests alkalinity influence by pH, CO3, HCO3 and F content. PIG and statistical techniques help to interpret the water quality data in an easier way.

scholarly journals John Marmion Edmond. 27 April 1943 — 10 April 2001

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 137-159
Author(s):  
Henry Elderfield ◽  
Edward A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Rift Valley Lakes ◽  
Isotope Systematics

John Edmond was a geochemist the unifying theme of whose research was a quantitative understanding of the processes involved in the transfer of the chemical elements into and out of the oceans; in short, what controls ocean chemistry. He achieved this through oceanographic explorations sampling ocean waters for rare metals and explorations of hot springs on the deep sea floor, rivers from the Amazon to Siberia, and the rift valley lakes of Africa. This accompanied a strong background in chemistry and an almost reverent recognition of the value of data. John challenged established paradigms and pioneered developments in element and isotope systematics as applied to geochemical processes. He will alsobe remembered for his enthusiasm, his insight, his honesty, and his defence of anyone or any group he felt was badly treated.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater and Dominant Water–Rock Interactions in the Delingha Area, Qaidam Basin, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Pengpeng Zhou ◽  
Shen Qu ◽  
Fu Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Rational Management

Groundwater is undoubtedly important for water supplies and eco-environment protection, especially for arid and semi-arid regions. Analyzing the characteristics and evolution of groundwater is significant for the rational management of groundwater resources. This study investigated the hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolutions of groundwater in the Delingha area, northeast of the Qaidam Basin, northwest China, with a total of 123 water samples, including 105 unconfined groundwater samples, 12 confined groundwater samples, and 6 surface water samples. Hydrochemical results showed that the unconfined and confined groundwater presented diversity in ion concentration. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of the unconfined groundwater increased from 146.5 to 8954 mg/L along the groundwater flow direction. The groundwater hydrochemical types were HCO3-Ca·Mg and HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg in the mountain front area, SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg types in the alluvial-lacustrine plain, and Cl·SO4-Na and Cl-Na types in the lacustrine plain. The saturation index showed that parts of the groundwater samples were supersaturated with carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite); however, all the samples were undersaturated with evaporite minerals (halite and gypsum). Groundwater chemical evolution is mainly controlled by evaporite and carbonate mineral dissolutions, aluminosilicates weathering, and cation exchange.

Identification of Hydro-Geochemical Processes in Groundwater by Using Major Ion Chemistry: A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3424-3428
Author(s):  
Lin Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Source Discrimination ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Operating Mechanism

Hydro-geochemistry is important for water disaster controlling as it can be used for either understanding of hydrological evolution or water source discrimination. Groundwater samples from the sandstone aquifer in Xutuan coal mine, northern Anhui Province, China have been collected for major ion chemical analysis to understand the operating mechanism of geochemical processes for variation of groundwater chemistry, which will be useful for improving the understanding of hydro-chemical systems in coal mine. The results suggest that they are medium to slightly (6.8 to 8.64 with an average of 7.61) with high concentration of total dissolved solids (943 and 1362 mg/L with mean of 1171 mg/L)). Most of the groundwater samples are classified as Na- HCO3-Cl and Na-Cl- HCO3 types according to their relative concentrations of cations and anions. Correlation between ion concentrations, as well as principle component analysis imply that dissolution of dolomite, halite, gypsum, silicate weathering and ion exchange are responsible for the chemical variations of the groundwater.

scholarly journals Incorporating Kinetic Modeling in the Development Stages of Hard Rock Mine Projects

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Youssef Toubri ◽  
Denys Vermette ◽  
Isabelle Demers ◽  
Nicholas Beier ◽  
Mostafa Benzaazoua
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Weathering Cells ◽  
Cell Test ◽  
Parametric Analyses

Weathering cell test, designed specifically to overcome material-limited constraints, yields prompt and efficient experimental assessment during the development stages of mining projects. However, it has barely benefited from geochemical modeling tools despite their ease of use. Accordingly, this paper aims to strengthen the upstream geochemical assessment via parametric analysis that simulates the effect of various mineral assemblages on leachate quality recovered from weathering cells. The main objective is to simulate the pH in presence of silicate neutralizing minerals and Mn release from carbonates based upon minimal characterization data. The public domain code PHREEQC was used for geochemical kinetic modeling of four weathering cells. The kinetic model utilized a water film concept to simulate diffusion of chemical elements from mineral surfaces to the pore water. The obtained results suggest that the presence of the silicate neutralizing minerals slightly affects the Mn release from carbonates. Furthermore, plagioclases could supply a significant neutralization potential when they predominate the mineral assemblage. Finally, coupling weathering cell test and parametric analyses illuminate the pH evolution for various mineral proportion scenarios.

scholarly journals Evolución química del agua subterránea a través del acuífero del Valle de Mexicali

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Gómez-Puentes ◽  
Jaime Alonso Reyes-López
Keyword(s):  
Colorado River ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
Upper Aquifer ◽  
Riparian Corridor ◽  
Enrichment Process

The water quality of the Mexicali Valley aquifer was evaluated in order to estimate the geochemical processes involved with the increase of its salinity and the subsequent subsoil mineralization. The study area is located in the municipality of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico in a section where the riparian corridor of the Colorado River converges with an agricultural area. The water of this river contains less than 1000 ppm of dissolved solids on average, but as the water is channeled and used in the crop’s irrigation, it undergoes a solute enrichment process until 2400 ppm in the upper aquifer. According to chemical analyzes the water salinization is mainly caused by sodium, sulfate and chlorine ions, while the geochemical modeling carried out with the PHREEQC program indicates that the processes related to calcite precipitation, dolomite and gypsum dissolution and water evaporation are primarily responsible for the water chemical evolution in the area.

scholarly journals Fluoride Contamination Studies in Belchampa Pratappur Villages of Garhwa District Jharkhand

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-253
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Contamination ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Dental And Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Admissible Limit

Belchampa-Pratappur villages about 8 Kms towards East from district head-quarter Garhwa has been undertaken to study the groundwater quality, especially fluoride contamination. These places are situated on the border of the Garhwa and Palamu district. Bishrampur is the prominent place lying to about 11 km east of area under consideration. The area is underlain mostly by granite and gneisses. Fluoride containing minerals as indeed Fluorite, apatite, different amphiboles and micas occur in association with these rocks. 18 Groundwater samples during Pre-and Post-monsoon have been collected from tube wells and analyzed for major cation ( Ca+2,Mg+2,Na+,K+) and anion(HCO3-, Cl-,SO42-,F-) in addition to fluoride. Fluoride concentration as high as 5 mg/l has been found in many samplesof groundwater in the area, which is above the admissible limit of 1.5 mg/l (WHO). The inhabitants of these two villages belong to very poor economic background and of diverse communities. Many people of these villages are fluoride affected. Dental and Skeletal fluorosis is common in the area, which is very alarming. The total dissolved solid (T.D.S.) is also found to be much higher, at many places. It ranges from 586 mg/l to 408 mg/l in pre-monsoon and 736 mg/l to 194 mg/l in post monsoon season respectively. Consequently the electrical conductivity is also much higher at several places which ranges from 915 micro mhos/cm to 637 micro mhos/cm at 250C in pre-monsoon and 1150 micro mhos/cm to 303 micro mhos/cm in post-monsoon season respectively.

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