Are standard wastewater treatment plant design methods suitable for any municipal wastewater?

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Insel ◽  
B. Güder ◽  
G. Güneş ◽  
E. Ubay Cokgor
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters

The design and operational parameters of an activated sludge system were analyzed treating the municipal wastewaters in Istanbul. The design methods of ATV131, Metcalf & Eddy together with model simulations were compared with actual plant operational data. The activated sludge model parameters were determined using 3-month dynamic data for the biological nutrient removal plant. The ATV131 method yielded closer sludge production, total oxygen requirement and effluent nitrogen levels to the real plant after adopting correct influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) could not easily be predicted with ATV131 method due to low volatile fatty acids (VFA) potential.

scholarly journals Plantwide modelling – anaerobic digestion of waste sludge from parent nutrient (N and P) removal systems

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Ikumi ◽  
GA Ekama
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Anaerobic Zone

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) mathematical models are based on the behavioural patterns of microorganisms involved in the treatment process. These microorganisms are assumed incapable of thinking or planning but simply act according to the capabilities afforded to them by their surrounding conditions – hence different microorganisms pre-dominate different WWTP zones according to how well the conditions suit them. When waste activated sludge (WAS) from biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (AS) systems, containing phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs), is fed to an anaerobic digester, there is a release of high quantities of metals, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). The manner in which we model the release of these metals and nutrients significantly affects the accuracy of predicted anaerobic digestion (AD) outcomes. Previous studies of PAOs show that in the anaerobic zone of the AS system, they can form energy-rich poly3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) at the expense of their aerobically generated polyphosphate (PP). Thus, it is expected that the PAOs containing PP sent into an anaerobic digester with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) present, would utilize their PP reserves as they would in the anaerobic zone of an AS process ending up with formation and storage of some PHB. Ultimately, all the stored products of the PAO get released, since there is no alternating aerobic environment to cater for their growth. Since it has been established that the PP release in the AD occurs much faster than the PAO biomass hydrolysis rate, it is modelled as a separate process. Steps are presented in the development of this PP release mass-balanced stoichiometries that occur with AD of PAOs. By comparing outcomes from these proposed stoichiometries against measured experimental data, it is noticed that better predictions are obtained with acetate uptake for PHB formation than when modelling the AD PP release to occur with PAO death and hydrolysis.

The role of colloidal and particulate organic compounds in denitrification and EBPR occurring in a full-scale activated sludge system

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drewnowski ◽  
J. Makinia
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphate Release ◽  
Automatic Batch

The efficiencies of denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge systems are strongly dependent on the availability of appropriate carbon sources. Due to high costs of commercial compounds (such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid etc.) and acclimation periods (usually) required, the effective use of internal carbon sources for denitrification is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of slowly biodegradable substrates on the denitrification capability and phosphate release/uptake interactions for a full-scale biomass process from the “Wschod” wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Gdansk (Poland). Since it is hard to distinguish the slowly biodegradable substrate in a direct way, a novel procedure based on batch experiments was developed and implemented. The laboratory experiments were carried out in two parallel, fully automatic batch reactors with the settled wastewater without pretreatment and after coagulation-flocculation. The removal of colloidal and particulate fractions resulted in the reduced observed process rates, such as denitrification, phosphate release and phosphate uptake (under aerobic and anoxic conditions). The reduction ranged from approximately 14% for the anaerobic P release to approximately 46% for the anoxic P uptake.

scholarly journals KINETIC STUDY OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) TREATMENT BY ACTIVATED SLUDGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
W.L. Wun ◽  
G.K. Chua ◽  
S.Y. Chin ◽  
N. Zainol
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Design And Optimization

Kinetic parameter is a basis for design and optimization of activated sludge POME treatment. In fact, most of the kinetic parameter value used in design and optimization are default values taken from municipal wastewater. The kinetic parameters for POME treatment have not been thoroughlystudied and most of the system is using the Activated Sludge Models (ASM), either in modelling or design. Thus, the kinetic study of POME treatment by activated sludge system were carried out to obtain the kinetic parameters  for  the  POME  treatment  plant  design calculation.In  this  study,  POME treatment was carriedout in batch studiesinto 14 L aeration tank with activated sludge for the biological oxidation process with optimum pH at 6.5 ± 0.1, MLVSS of 2000 ± 200 mg/Lfor HRT of 48 h and feeding with 650 ± 20 mg BOD3/L of anaerobic treated POME, while SRT was controlled at a range of 10 days to 20 days with interval of 2 days for the kinetic study experiment. From this kinetic study, the kinetic parameters for COD and BOD basis had been determined for maximum yields coefficient (Y), endogenous decay coefficient (kd), maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k) and half-velocity constant (Ks) at 0.2369 mg VSS/mg COD, 0.1060 day-1, 2.2717 day 1 and 758.7705 mg/L for COD basis whilst the kinetic parameters value for BOD basis were 0.6718 mg VSS/mg BOD3, 0.0658 day-1, 1.4136 day-1 and 556.1526 mg/L, respectively. Since the BOD is one of the discharge parameters in discharge regulatory, thus kinetic parameters for BOD basis will be used for the system design of POME treatment.

Activated sludge plant facing grape harvest period – a case study

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chudoba ◽  
R. Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
Sludge Settleability

Most of municipal activated sludge plants located in wine production regions receive winery wastewaters during the grape harvest period which lasts usually only a few weeks. A drastic increase in organic pollution (COD, BOD) during this period generates a temporary overloading, resulting very often in biological problems such as decreased sludge settleability, sludge floc disintegration, increased SS concentration in treated effluent and in the worst case a complete plant failure. In order to work satisfactorily even during those temporary overloading periods, the plant has to be oversized. This strategy is rather costly, because such a plant has to run below its nominal capacity during a major part of the year. An original solution has been proposed and successfully tested at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Eguisheim, France. The proposed technique is based on the addition of a mineral material with a low particle size, whose presence positively influences the physical behaviour of the sludge and will allow the nominal capacity of the plant to be surpassed without any important modification. The modification of the sludge structure around the added powdered material improved significantly the sludge settleability (DSVI< 160 ml/g) and enabled the plant to treat organic pollution several times higher than the nominal level.

scholarly journals Erythromycin Resistance-Conferring Plasmid pRSB105, Isolated from a Sewage Treatment Plant, Harbors a New Macrolide Resistance Determinant, an Integron-Containing Tn402-Like Element, and a Large Region of Unknown Function

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1952-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schlüter ◽  
R. Szczepanowski ◽  
N. Kurz ◽  
S. Schneiker ◽  
I. Krahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Unknown Function ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Modification System

ABSTRACT The erythromycin resistance plasmid pRSB105 was previously isolated from an activated sludge bacterial community of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Compilation of the complete pRSB105 nucleotide sequence revealed that the plasmid is 57,137 bp in size and has a mean G+C content of 56.66 mol%. The pRSB105 backbone is composed of two different replication and/or partitioning modules and a functional mobilization region encoding the mobilization genes mobCDE and mobBA. The first replicon (Rep1) is nearly identical to the corresponding replication module of the multiresistance plasmid pRSB101 isolated from an unknown activated sludge bacterium. Accordingly, pRSB101 and pRSB105 are sister plasmids belonging to a new plasmid family. The second replicon (Rep2) of pRSB105 was classified as a member of the IncP-6 group. While Rep1 confers replication ability only in γ-proteobacteria, Rep2 extents the host range of the plasmid since it is also functional in the β-proteobacterium Ralstonia eutropha. Plasmid pRSB105 harbors the macrolide resistance genes mel and mph, encoding, respectively, a predicted ABC-type efflux permease and a macrolide-2′-phosphotransferase. Erythromycin resistance is mainly attributed to mel, whereas mph contributes to erythromycin resistance to a lesser extent. The second resistance region, represented by an integron-containing Tn402-like element, includes a β-lactam (oxa10) and a trimethoprim (dfrB2) resistance gene cassette. In addition to antibiotic resistance modules, pRSB105 encodes a functional restriction/modification system and two nonresistance regions of unknown function. The presence of different mobile genetic elements that flank resistance and nonresistance modules on pRSB105 indicates that these elements were involved in acquisition of accessory plasmid modules. Comparative genomics of pRSB105 and related plasmids elucidated that pRSB105 evolved by integration of distinct modules from different plasmid sources, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmids, and thus represents a mosaic plasmid.

Interpretation of Experimental Data with Regard to the Activated Sludge Model No.1 and Calibration of the Model for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Siegrist ◽  
M. Tschui
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Model

The wastewater of the municipal treatment plants Zürich-Werdhölzli (350000 population equivalents), Zürich-Glatt (110000), and Wattwil (20000) have been characterized with regard to the activated sludge model Nr.1 of the IAWPRC task group. Zürich-Glatt and Wattwil are partly nitrifying treatment plants and Zürich-Werdhölzli is fully nitrifying. The mixing characteristics of the aeration tanks at Werdhölzli and Glatt were determined with sodium bromide as a tracer. The experimental data were used to calibrate hydrolysis, heterotrophic growth and nitrification. Problems arising by calibrating hydrolysis of the paniculate material and by measuring oxygen consumption of heterotrophic and nitrifying microorganisms are discussed. For hydrolysis the experimental data indicate first-order kinetics. For nitrification a maximum growth rate of 0.40±0.07 d−1, corresponding to an observed growth rate of 0.26±0.04 d−1 was calculated at 10°C. The half velocity constant found for 12 and 20°C was 2 mg NH4-N/l. The calibrated model was verified with experimental dam of me Zürich-Werdhölzli treatment plant during ammonia shock load.

OPTIMIZING OPERATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS BY OFFLINE AND ONLINE COMPUTER SIMULATION

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Otterpohl ◽  
Thomas Rolfs ◽  
Jörg Londong
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wide Range

Computer simulation of activated sludge plant for nitrogen removal has become a reliable tool to predict the behaviour of the plant Models including biological phosphorus removal still require some practical experience but they should be available soon. This will offer an even wider range than today's work with nitrogen removal. One major benefit of computer simulation of wastewater treatment plants (WTP) is the optimization of operation. This can be done offline if hydrographs of a plant are collected and computer work is done with “historical” analysis. With online simulation the system is fed with hydrographs up to the actual time. Prognosis can be done from the moment of the computer work based on usual hydrographs. The work of the authors shows how accuratly a treatment plant can be described, when many parameters are measured and available as hydrographs. A very careful description of all details of the special plant is essential, requiring a flexible simulation tool. Based on the accurate simulation a wide range of operational decisions can be evaluated. It was possible to demonstrate that the overall efficiency in nitrogen removal and energy consumption of ml activated sludge plant can be improved.

Mesophilic and Thermophilic Digestion of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge: A Comparative Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 450-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhi Chi ◽  
Yu You Li ◽  
Min Ji ◽  
Hong Qiang ◽  
Heng Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper presents an experimental study over 204 days on anaerobic degradation of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The experiments were conducted under thermophilic (55°C) and mesophilic (35°C) condition, respectively, by using the semi-continuous flow completely mixed reactors. The influent total solids (TS), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading levels were around 4%, 30 days and 1.67 kg-CODCr•m-3•d-1 , respectively. During the opration period, the thermophilic anaerobic digestion process (TADP) and the mesophilic anaerobic digestion process (MADP) were stable and well-functioned without ammonia inhibition. Particulate organic matters reduction of TADP was superior to that of MADP. This result implies that TADP has higher sludge reduction efficiency than MADP. According to the simulated chemical formula of TWAS, C5.85H9.75O3.96N, and the stoichiometric equation, the methane content and the ammonia yield in the anaerobic process could be calculated, which were consistent with the experimental results. The methane yield of TADP was a little higher than that of MADP. The statistical mean values of methane content for TADP and MADP were 60.97% and 62.38%, respectively.According to paired t-test, there was a significant difference in methane content between TADP and MADP(α=0.01, n=62). Compared with the mesophilic digested sludge, the dewaterability of thermophilic digested sludge was lower.

scholarly journals Microalgae as biological treatment for municipal wastewater – effects on the sludge handling in a treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Olsson ◽  
S. Schwede ◽  
E. Nehrenheim ◽  
E. Thorin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Mesophilic Conditions

Abstract A mix of microalgae and bacteria was cultivated on pre-sedimented municipal wastewater in a continuous operated microalgae-activated sludge process. The excess material from the process was co-digested with primary sludge in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in semi-continuous mode (5 L digesters). Two reference digesters (5 L digesters) fed with waste-activated sludge (WAS) and primary sludge were operated in parallel. The methane yield was slightly reduced (≈10%) when the microalgal-bacterial substrate was used in place of the WAS in thermophilic conditions, but remained approximately similar in mesophilic conditions. The uptake of heavy metals was higher with the microalgal-bacterial substrate in comparison to the WAS, which resulted in higher levels of heavy metals in the digestates. The addition of microalgal-bacterial substrate enhanced the dewaterability in thermophilic conditions. Finally, excess heat can be recovered in both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.

scholarly journals Niche Differentiation among Three Closely RelatedCompetibacteraceaeClades at a Full-Scale Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant and Putative Linkages to Process Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica R. Brand ◽  
Laurel D. Crosby ◽  
Craig S. Criddle
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Operational Conditions

ABSTRACTMultiple clades within a microbial taxon often coexist within natural and engineered environments. Because closely related clades have similar metabolic potential, it is unclear how diversity is sustained and what factors drive niche differentiation. In this study, we retrieved three near-complete Competibacter lineage genomes from activated sludge metagenomes at a full-scale pure oxygen activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. The three genomes represent unique taxa within theCompetibacteraceae. A comparison of the genomes revealed differences in capacity for exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis, glucose fermentation to lactate, and motility. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), we monitored these clades over a 2-year period. The clade possessing genes for motility and lacking genes for EPS biosynthesis (CPB_P15) was dominant during periods of suspended solids in the effluent. Further analysis of operational parameters indicate that the dominance of the CPB_P15 clade is associated with low-return activated sludge recycle rates and low wasting rates, conditions that maintain relatively high levels of biomass within the system.IMPORTANCEMembers of the Competibacter lineage are relevant in biotechnology as glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs). Here, we document the presence of threeCompetibacteraceaeclades in a full-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plant and their linkage to specific operational conditions. We find evidence for niche differentiation among the three clades with temporal variability in clade dominance that correlates with operational changes at the treatment plant. Specifically, we observe episodic dominance of a likely motile clade during periods of elevated effluent turbidity, as well as episodic dominance of closely related nonmotile clades that likely enhance floc formation during periods of low effluent turbidity.

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