The role of colloidal and particulate organic compounds in denitrification and EBPR occurring in a full-scale activated sludge system

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Drewnowski ◽  
J. Makinia
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphate Release ◽  
Automatic Batch

The efficiencies of denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge systems are strongly dependent on the availability of appropriate carbon sources. Due to high costs of commercial compounds (such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid etc.) and acclimation periods (usually) required, the effective use of internal carbon sources for denitrification is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of slowly biodegradable substrates on the denitrification capability and phosphate release/uptake interactions for a full-scale biomass process from the “Wschod” wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Gdansk (Poland). Since it is hard to distinguish the slowly biodegradable substrate in a direct way, a novel procedure based on batch experiments was developed and implemented. The laboratory experiments were carried out in two parallel, fully automatic batch reactors with the settled wastewater without pretreatment and after coagulation-flocculation. The removal of colloidal and particulate fractions resulted in the reduced observed process rates, such as denitrification, phosphate release and phosphate uptake (under aerobic and anoxic conditions). The reduction ranged from approximately 14% for the anaerobic P release to approximately 46% for the anoxic P uptake.

Full-scale experiences of nitrogen removal of fish-processing wastewater with flotation and anoxic-aerobic activated sludge system

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2227-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Steinke ◽  
M. Barjenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment

This article presents full scale experience of one of the largest fish-processing factories in Europe with a production capacity of about 50,000 tons herring per year and a maximum daily wastewater discharge of 1,500 m3. The wastewater treatment plant is the only direct discharger in the fish-processing industry in Germany. Thus, very low effluent values have to be keep in, especially the nitrogen reduction has to be operated during the whole year even when the temperature is low. The central point of the multi-stage WWTP (about 90,000 PE) is the biological nutrient removal (BNR) with pre-denitrification. The wastewater pre-treatment with sieves (0.8 mm) and a two staged flotation reduces the nitrogen load – mainly the particle bounded fraction – but the optimal nutrient ratios for biological treatment need to be observed. The activated sludge system has maximum OLR of 0.12 g COD/(g MLSS d) and NLR of 0.015 g TN/(g MLSS d) but a “Stand-By”-Operation with periods without wastewater influent is unavoidable. Discontinuous operating is one problem. The dependence on temperature as one of the main influences of nitrification-activity is the second point. The article gives an overview about the start-up and the optimisation of the process.

Are standard wastewater treatment plant design methods suitable for any municipal wastewater?

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Insel ◽  
B. Güder ◽  
G. Güneş ◽  
E. Ubay Cokgor
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters

The design and operational parameters of an activated sludge system were analyzed treating the municipal wastewaters in Istanbul. The design methods of ATV131, Metcalf & Eddy together with model simulations were compared with actual plant operational data. The activated sludge model parameters were determined using 3-month dynamic data for the biological nutrient removal plant. The ATV131 method yielded closer sludge production, total oxygen requirement and effluent nitrogen levels to the real plant after adopting correct influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) could not easily be predicted with ATV131 method due to low volatile fatty acids (VFA) potential.

Biological Phosphorus Removal Characteristics in a Full-Scale Unitank Wastewater Treatment Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1696-1700
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhou ◽  
Wen Rui Shao ◽  
Can Xing ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Peng Qiong Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
P Content ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The biological phosphorus (P) removal characteristics of a full-scale Unitank wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were investigated by field survey, model analysis and sludge P content determination. In the Unitank WWTP, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) reached the lowest value of -17 mV and the highest value of 130 mV at the end of anoxic/anaerobic stage and aerobic stage, respectively. The anaerobic P release process could be fitted by first-order kinetics with rate constant of 3.52 h-1, while the maximum aerobic P uptake rate was 3.31 mgP/(L•h). The measured sludge P content in the Shidongkou WWTP was 15.4±2.1 mgP/gSS, significantly lower than that in full-scale AAO WWTPs.

The impact of precipitation and external carbon source addition on biological nutrient removal in activated sludge systems – experimental investigation and mathematical modeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Makinia ◽  
J. Drewnowski ◽  
M. Swinarski ◽  
K. Czerwionka ◽  
M. Kaszubowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Carbon Addition ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chemical precipitation and addition of external carbon sources on the denitrification capability and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) interactions at the ‘Wschod’ WWTP (600,000 PE) in Gdansk (northern Poland). For this purpose, different kinds of batch experiments were carried out with the settled wastewater (without pretreatment and after coagulation-flocculation) and external carbon sources (ethanol and fusel oil). Precipitation of colloidal and particulate organic fractions has a significant effect on denitrification and EBPR. The removal of these two fractions by coagulation-flocculation resulted in the reduced process rates (30–70%). The experimental investigations were supported by both lab-scale and full-scale simulations using a newly developed model as an expansion of the Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d). The new model accurately predicted the effects of precipitation and external carbon addition in batch experiments. Full-scale simulations revealed that addition of external carbon source can compensate the effects of precipitation resulting in a similar NO3-N behavior compared to the reference case (without precipitation and external carbon addition). The combined effects of precipitation and addition of external carbon source resulted in a significantly different PO4-P behavior compared to the reference case.

Analysis of phosphorus removal and anaerobic selector performance in a full-scale activated sludge process in Singapore

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Cao ◽  
C.M. Ang ◽  
K.S. Raajeevan ◽  
A.K. Kiran ◽  
K.C. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Release ◽  
Sludge Settleability

This paper analyses the performance of the anaerobic selector (A/O process) in a full-scale activated sludge process receiving mostly industrial sewage discharge (>60%) in Singapore. In addition to the sludge settleability, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was studied. The sludge volume index (SVI) reduced from 200 to 80 ml g−1 and foaming was suppressed significantly, indicating the effectiveness of the anaerobic selector in improving sludge settleability. The phosphorus removal efficiency was 66%, and 7.5 mg HAc-COD was consumed per mg PO3−4-P removed. In the anaerobic compartment, 31% of the SCOD and 73% of the acetic acid in the settled sewage were removed with PO3−4-P release of 14.1 mg PO3−4-P l −1. The linear correlation between PO3−4-P release in the anaerobic compartment and PO3−4-P uptake in the aerobic compartment indicates that there is about 0.8 mg PO3−4-P release in the anaerobic compartment per mg PO3−4-P uptake in the aerobic compartment. The fates of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and its short chain acids (SCAs) in the process were studied and discussed.

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in the retrofitting from an anoxic selector to an anaerobic selector in a full-scale activated sludge process in Singapore

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Cao ◽  
C. M. Ang ◽  
K. C. Chua ◽  
F. W. Woo ◽  
H. Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Final Effluent

This paper presents the investigation results of retrofitting an anoxic selector to an anaerobic selector through stepwise reduction of air supply in a full-scale activated sludge process with a focus on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The process experienced gradual shift from a Ludzack-Ettinger (LE) to an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process and subsequently, an anaerobic-oxic (A/O) process. The major findings are: (i) the average influent-based PO43−-P release in the anaerobic selector compartment was 16.3 mg P l−1 and that in the secondary clarifier was 1.7 mg P l−1. 75% of the SCOD and 93% of the acetic acid in the primary effluent were taken up in the anaerobic selector compartment, respectively; (ii) PO43−-P uptake contributed by both aerobic and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) occurred mainly in the first and second aerobic lanes together with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) while there was not much contribution from the last aerobic lane; (iii) The average PO43−-P concentration of the final effluent was 2.4 mg P l−1 corresponding to a removal efficiency of 85%; (iv) the SVI was satisfactory after retrofitting; and (v) the increase of NH4+-N in the final effluent from the commencement to the completion of the retrofitting resulted in an approximate 40–50% reduction in oxygen demand and a significant aeration energy saving was achieved.

Design Considerations for Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 781-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anoxic Zone ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Based on more than 10 years' experience with biological nutrient removal in Johannesburg, this paper highlights aspects which should be borne in mind in the design of such processes. Feed sewage quality and the question of treating raw or settled sewage are considered. More importantly, methods of rendering the feed more suitable for biological phosphorus removal are detailed. As nitrate feedback to the anaerobic zone can often mitigate against good phosphorus removal, methods of obviating this are covered. In this respect the need for, and placement of a second anoxic zone are discussed. Process type and configuration are covered as well as zone retention periods and the split of process volume into unaerated and aerated fractions. Aeration systems and the tailoring of aeration to process needs are also discussed. Two problems that have been experienced in many full-scale plants are bulking sludges and prolific growths of nuisance scums. Methods of minimising these problems are discussed. Finally, mixed liquor and return sludge recycles; aspects to be borne in mind in the design of final clarifiers and the provision of standby chemical addition are discussed.

A Batch Activated Sludge Study of Pineapple Wastewater Using a Bioaugmentation Process

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Fuaad Nik Abllah ◽  
Aik Heng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Sludge Production

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of batch activated sludge reactor for treating pineapple wastewater and to examine the effects of bioaugmentation on treatment performance. The experimental set-up consists of eleven batch reactors. Activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as seed for the reactors. Synthetic pineapple wastewater was used as feed for the reactors. The eleven reactors were arranged to evaluate the total organic removal, nitrification, and sludge production by bioaugmentation process. Three major factors considered were influent organic loading, ammonia-nitrogen, and dosage of bacterial-culture-product addition. Removal of TOG (total organic carbon), sludge production in terms of SS(suspended solids), and ammonia-nitrogen removal variation are used as evaluation parameters. The TOC removal efficiency after the end of a 48 hour reactor run, for influent TOC of 350.14 to 363.30 mg/l, and 145.92 to 169.66 mg/l, was 94.41 to 95.89%, and 93.72 to 94.73% respectively. Higher organic removal was observed in the bioaugmented reactors with higher organic loading. The better organic removal efficiency in the bioaugmented reactors was probably due to activities of bacteria added. The test results also indicated that sludge yield was enhanced by the bacteria additive and high bacteria dosage produced less sludge. Bioaugmentation was observed to be a suitable alternative for enhancing the biological treatment of pineapple wastewater.

Model based evaluation of plant improvement strategies for biological nutrient removal

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. van Veldhuizen ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
F. A. Brandse
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Biokinetic Parameters ◽  
P Removal

An activated sludge model for biological N- and P-removal was developed, which describes anoxic and aerobic P-uptake based on bacterial metabolism. This model was tested in practice on two wastewater treatment plants, which are BCFS®-processes, which contain activated sludge with a high fraction of denitrifying P-removing bacteria (DPB's). The model appeared to be able to give an adequate description of the performance of these treatment plants under different conditions. If the process parameters are well defined almost no calibration of the biokinetic parameters was necessary. In the simulation of Dalfsen wwtp, which has a complex control scheme, it was possible to give an adequate simulation of the control actions and the concentration profiles in a rather simple way, showing that detailed simulation of these controllers was not necessary. With the calibrated model it was possible to analyse bottlenecks and give suggestions for upgrading of the concerned treatments plants. The simulation results were used in decisions on investments.

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