Evaluating the mobile heavy metal pool in soakaway sediment, road dust and soil through sequential extraction and isotopic exchange

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Ikuro Kasuga
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction

Selective sequential dissolution (SSD) and isotopic dilution are two most commonly applied techniques for the measurement of mobile fraction of heavy metal present in the urban environment. This work examined the compliance between SSD proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) and isotopic dilution technique (IDT) for determination of mobile pool of heavy metal contained in soakaway sediment, road dust, and soil sample. Heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) were fractionated using the three-stage BCR protocol, while isotopically exchangeable metal concentrations (E-value) were investigated through isotopic tracers (111Cd, 65Cu, 207Pb and 66Zn). In general, total contamination level, E-value and BCR exchangeable fractions of different samples followed the similar order of road dust > soakaway sediment > soil. Results revealed that the E-value exceeded the BCR exchangeable fraction in all samples. In addition, the first three fractions of BCR which have potential to become mobile under certain environmental conditions were collectively termed as “potential mobile pool” and compared with E-value. It was concluded that metal extracted by weak acid underestimates the exchangeable fraction while the potential mobile pool extracted by three reagents overestimates the real mobile forms of heavy metals. However, better mobility characteristics of heavy metals can be assessed by coupling information obtained through sequential extraction and isotopic exchange.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION INTO HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION BY THE GRAVEL ROADSIDES / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ KONCENTRACIJŲ ŽVYRKELIŲ PAKELIŲ DIRVOŽEMIUOSE VERTINIMAS / ОЦЕНКА КОНЦЕНТР АЦИЙ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ПОЧВЕ ОБОЧИН ГРАВИЙНЫХ ДОРОГ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audronė Mikalajunė ◽  
Lina Jakučionytė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Gravel Roads ◽  
The Impact

Vehicles release large amounts of heavy metals to the environment. There have been done a lot of investigations analysing the distribution of heavy metals in soils near intensive regional roads. However, there is lack of investigations into the impact of small-intensity gravel roads on roadside soil contamination with heavy metals. The object of this investigation is four gravel roads of local significance connecting small villages. The intensity of these roads is very low. The gravel roads are chosen according to application of dust-minimizing materials, for example, CaCl2 and oil emulsion. According to our results, none of the soil samples had an excess of heavy metal concentration limit. Besides, heavy metal concentrations were decreasing with a distance from the road increasing. We can make an assumption that road dust-minimizing materials do not have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution in roadside soils. The major factors of heavy metal pollution distribution in roadside soils are traffic intensity, roadside trenches, and topographic conditions. Santrauka Eksploatuojant autotransportą, į aplinką patenka daug sunkiųjų metalų. Atlikta nemažai tyrimų sunkiųjų metalų paplitimuidirvožemyje šalia intensyvių magistralinių kelių nustatyti, tačiau mažo intensyvumo keliai šiuo požiūriu tiriami mažai.Tirti pasirinkta 4 žvyrkeliai – vietinės reikšmvs keliai, jungiantys nedideles gyvenvietes. Eismo intensyvumas šiuose keliuose mažas. Žvyrkeliai pasirinkti pagal taikomas priemones dulkėtumui mažinti, t. y. du nagrinvjami žvyrkeliai apdorotiCaCl2, kiti du – naftos emulsija. Nė viename mėginyje sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos neviršijo DLK, o tolstant nuo važiuojamosios kelio dalies sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos buvo mažesnės. Galima daryti prielaidą, kad kelio apdorojimo medžiagos dulkėtumui mažinti žymios įtakos sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymui pakelių dirvožemyje nedaro, lemia transporto srauto intensyvumas, kelio grioviai pakelėse bei reljefo sąlygos. Резюме При эксплуатации автомобилей в окружающую среду попадает много тяжелых металлов. Проведено немалоисследований, посвященных анализу распространения тяжелых металлов в почве обочин интенсивно эксплуатируемых магистральных дорог, однако исследований, касающихся аналогичных проблем дорог малой интенсивности, в настоящее время имеется немного. В настоящей работе в качестве объекта исследований выбраны четыредороги местного значения с гравийным покрытием, соединяющие небольшие поселения. Интенсивность дорог небольшая. Гравийные дороги выбраны с учетом их обработки для уменьшения пыльности – две дороги обработаны с применением CaCl2, а две другие – с применением нефтяной эмульсии. Ни в одной пробе не былозафиксировано концентраций тяжелых металлов, превышающих допустимые нормами. С удалением от проезжей части концентрации тяжелых металлов уменьшались. На основании исследований можно сделать вывод о том,что материалы, применявшиеся для уменьшения пыльности дорог, большого влияния на распространениетяжелых металлов в почве обочин дорог не оказывают. На распространение тяжелых металлов в почве обочин оказывает влияние интенсивность транспортного потока, кюветы на обочинах и условия рельефа.

scholarly journals Characterization of heavy metal in soils as affected by long-term irrigation with industrial wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Haroon ◽  
An Ping ◽  
Arshid Pervez ◽  
Faridullah ◽  
Muhammad Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Irrigated Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Form

AbstractInvestigation of heavy metals (HM) fractions in soils irrigated with wastewater (WW) would ascertain their bioavailability and contamination level in soils. This study investigated HM fractions in soils after long-term WW irrigation. WW irrigation profoundly affected HM fractions in soil. The ranges of HM concentrations in soils irrigated with WW were apparently wide. All fractions were significantly higher in the fields irrigated with industrial WW than rain-fed fields. HM concentrations varied in the soils as Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Fe > Cd > Mn after WW irrigation. In rainfed fields, HM concentrations differed in soils as Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni. The HM fractions were dominant in the residual form followed by oxides bound and carbonate associated fractions in WW-irrigated soils. Lower contents of HM in the soil were obtained in the exchangeable fraction. WW irrigation resulted in the transformation of HM into different fractions as residual > oxide associated > carbonate associated > organically bound > exchangeable form. Repeated WW irrigation increased pH values of the soils. The higher EC of soil indicated an accumulation of salts in the soils due to WW irrigation. Mitigation of HM contamination in Hattar industrial effluent is required before irrigation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acid Leaching on the Removal of Heavy Metals and Soil Fertility in Contaminated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yao Chu ◽  
Tzu-Hsing Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Leaching

Heavy metal-contaminated soils were leached with various acid reagents, and a series of treatments was assessed to understand soil fertility after acid leaching. Aqua regia digestion and a five-step sequential extraction procedure were applied to determine heavy metal distribution. The average total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb for contaminated soil were 1334, 25, 263, and 525 mg·kg−1 based on the ICP/AES quantitative analysis. Other than Pb extracted by H2SO4, over 50% removal efficiency of other heavy metals was achieved. A five-step sequential extraction revealed that the bound-to-carbonate and bound-to-Fe-Mn oxides were the major forms of the heavy metals in the soil. The addition of organic manure considerably promoted soil fertility and increased soil pH after acid leaching. Seed germination experiments demonstrated that after acid leaching, the soil distinctly inhibited plant growth and the addition of manure enhanced seed germination rate from 35% to 84%. Furthermore, the procedure of soil turnover after acid leaching and manure addition greatly increased seed germination rate by 61% and shortened the initial germination time. Seed germination in untreated soil was superior to that in acid-leached soil, illustrating that the phytotoxic effect of acid leaching is more serious than that of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pollution and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Particulate Matter and Road Dust Along the Road Network of Dhanbad, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Kumari ◽  
Manish Kumar Jain ◽  
Suresh Pandian Elumalai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Road Dust

Background. The rise in particulate matter (PM) concentrations is a serious problem for the environment. Heavy metals associated with PM10, PM2.5, and road dust adversely affect human health. Different methods have been used to assess heavy metal contamination in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust and source apportionment of these heavy metals. These assessment tools utilize pollution indices and health risk assessment models. Objectives. The present study evaluates the total mass and average concentrations of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust along selected road networks in Dhanbad, India, analyzes the source apportionment of heavy metals, and assesses associated human health risks. Methods. A total of 112 PM samples and 21 road dust samples were collected from six stations and one background site in Dhanbad, India from December 2015 to February 2016, and were analyzed for heavy metals (iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn)) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Source apportionment was determined using principal component analysis. A health risk assessment of heavy metal concentrations in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust was also performed. Results. The average mass concentration was found to be 229.54±118.40 μg m−3 for PM10 and 129.73 ±61.74 μg m−3 for PM2.5. The average concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in PM2.5 than PM10. The pollution load index value of PM10 and PM2.5 road dust was found to be in the deteriorating category. Vehicles were the major source of pollution. The non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults were found to be within acceptable limits. The heavy metals present in PM and road dust posed a health risk in the order of road dust> PM10> and PM2.5. Particulate matter posed higher health risks than road dust due to particle size. Conclusions. The mass concentration analysis indicates serious PM10 and PM2.5 contamination in the study area. Vehicle traffic was the major source of heavy metals in PM10, PM2.5, and road dust. In terms of non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in the present study, children were more affected than adults. The carcinogenic risk posed by the heavy metals was negligible. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

Source separated urine-nutrient and heavy metal content, water saving and faecal contamination

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Jönsson ◽  
Thor-Axel Stenström ◽  
Jan Svensson ◽  
Annika Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Household Wastewater ◽  
Low Levels

Human urine is by far the largest contributor of nutrients to household wastewater. Source separation of urine can significantly decrease the nutrient load on the recipients. By recycling the urine to agriculture as a fertiliser, with very low levels of heavy metals, the nutrients are made into resources instead of becoming pollutants. The amounts and concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in urine solution from a source separating sewage system were measured. The concentrations of nutrients were high. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was close to the expected value, indicating that the system did not have any large nitrogen loss. The heavy metal concentrations in the urine were low, much lower than that in most chemical fertilisers. Per inhabitant and day, 1.34 litres of urine solution were collected. Of this, 0.34 litres was flush water. The low flush water volume was due to the double flush mechanism of the toilets, which saved 48% of the flush water compared with conventional water closets. Per inhabitant and day, 4.9 g of nitrogen and 0.42 g of phosphorus were collected, which was 86 and 81% respectively of the expected amount. The contamination level of faecal material in the source separated urine was low.

Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn content of the riparian zone of the Tisza River (Hungary) after heavy metal pollution

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Győri ◽  
K. Alapi ◽  
J. Prokisch ◽  
T. Németh ◽  
D. Adriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Year 2000

At the beginning of the year 2000 two considerable waves of pollution occurred on the river Tisza. With the second wave, in a simultaneous flood, a huge amount of mud contaminated with heavy metals settled on the floodplains. As most of the contaminated areas are under agricultural use, the study of the heavy metal charge of soils and herbaceous plants of the floodplain has great importance. Along the Tisza four sampling sites were established and 300 cm deep drill cores were taken. The results of analytical examinations show that the heavy metal content of the topsoil is higher than that of the earlier formed lower layers, although contamination is also present there. This suggests that pollutions like this are not unknown in the Tisza Valley. It is greatly important to take cadmium pollution into consideration, as this element is extremely toxic and easily taken up by plants, and is likely to be a serious problem in the floodplain. The risk of contamination in the topsoil of the floodplain soils were examined in detail. The soils’ heavy metal content was the highest where the two pollution waves can be measured first at the same site. For determining the amount of heavy metals bound to other compounds sequential extractions were carried out. The proportion of the water soluble and exchangeable fraction – that is bioavailable to plants – is negligible in respect of Cu, Pb, and Zn, while it is considerable in the case of Cd, showing the risk of contamination. The gained data show that the high proportion of cadmium results in a remarkable environmental risk, while other heavy metals turn into a bioavailable form only after intensive acidification. The proportion of the heavy metal fraction bound to humus materials was expected to be low due to the exogenous origin and freshness of the topsoil.

Alteration of Heavy Metal Fractions in Soil of Guiyu, South China by Native Bacillus cereus under the Effect of BDE209

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3901-3907
Author(s):  
Hui Peng ◽  
Hua Yin ◽  
Jin Shao Ye
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
South China ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Interaction Time ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Concentration Variation

Microbiologic experiments together with Tessier sequential extraction and ICP-OES determination showed that distributions of Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr in soil of Guiyu, an e-waste dismantling region in South China, have changed after activities of native combined Bacillus cereus. Exchangeable fractions of these heavy metals were 1.52, 12.32, 3.98 and 34.50-fold those of original ones after 8 h interaction, here the organic phases were supposed to be the main alteration origin. The changing interaction time brought different impacts on concentration variation of heavy metals. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) influenced combined Bacillus cereus to redistribute the shares of heavy metals. BDE209 of 1 mg/L favored the alteration to make heavy metals become more bioavailable, while 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L of BDE209 baffled this alteration. However, influences of these strains on heavy metal speciation could be generally enhanced at the presence of BDE209, particularly for Cu and Pb Therefore, non-residual fractions were easier to be transferred into bioavailable ones after interaction with biomass, thus favoring the subsequent bioremediation of soil.

Proteomics Study on Heavy Metal Contaminated Bellamya aeruginosas in Poyang Lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Zhu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Jiang Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Proteomics Study ◽  
Contaminated Area

Heavy metal contamination to Poyang Lake is increasingly severe. Bellamya aeruginosas, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake, was chosen in this project to carry out a proteomics study, because they obtain nutrients from sediments directly and have a strong heavy metal enrichment capability. To get a better knowledge of the contamination level of Poyang Lake and a better understanding of toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals contamination, the main heavy metals of surface sediments were tested and a proteomics study was carried out on bellamya aeruginosa, the dominant species of bellamya in Poyang Lake. Results of heavy metal tests show, to Poyang Lake, the most contaminated heavy metal is Cu, the widest contaminated heavy metal is Pb, the most contaminated area is the south lake area, and the least contaminated area is the entrance of Xioushui River. Proteomics analysis shows the main significantly different proteins are keratins or similar substances. These proteins are higher expressed in the samples obtained from the most contaminated area, so they could be the responding biomarkers for monitoring heavy metal contamination of surface sediment in Poyang Lake.

scholarly journals The Assessment Of Sediment Contamination Level In The Lampung Bay, Indonesia: Heavy Metal Perspective

Jurnal Segara ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Budiyanto ◽  
Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Sediment Fraction

The potency and utilization of Lampung Bay has been recognized for their socio-economical and ecological values. However, heavy use of this Bay may alter the abundance of hazardous chemical like heavy metals. The aims of this study were to determine the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the sediment and to assess Lampung Bay water condition. The observation of heavy metal content in sediment of Lampung Bay was conducted at 13 stations in March 2008. Analysis of heavy metals in sediment was conducted using three kinds of acid: HNO3, HCl and H2O2 while measurement was carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result indicated a variation of heavy metal concentration in sediment and that concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in sediment were 0.08 mg/kg dry weight, 22.99 mg/kg dry weight, 24.75 mg/kg dry weight and 118.48 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Factors influenced heavy metal concentration in sediment in this study including the distance between sampling location and anthropogenic activities and the sediment fraction  SQG-Q index indicated that 7 stations have SQG-Q ≤ 0.1 whereas other 6 stations have 0.1≤ SQG-Q <1, meaning that more than half sampling stations are in uncontaminated state.  

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