Investigation of surfactant-modified activated carbon for recycled water disinfection

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1755-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Garoma ◽  
J. Kocher
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide

This study investigated the effectiveness of surfactant-loaded granular activated carbon (GAC) to deactivate total coliform, E. coli, and enterococci found in tertiary effluent under various experimental conditions, i.e. varying surfactant dose, GAC dose, and contact time. The results indicate that GAC loaded with 100 mg/g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), achieved log reductions as high as 1.02 and 1.86 of total coliform, respectively. At varying GAC doses and contact times, 200 mg/g of DDAB dose achieved 99.9 to 100% reduction in total coliform at initial concentrations as high as 38,000 MPN/100 mL. Complete deactivation of E. coli and enterococci were observed for CTAB and DDAB at 200 mg/g dose for varying GAC doses and contact times used in this study. DDAB was more effective than CTAB at deactivating total coliform and E. coli, both Gram-negative bacteria, while both surfactants were shown to have similar disinfection capabilities against enterococci. Surfactant dose and GAC dose were shown to enhance bacteria deactivation; however, surfactant dose was found to be the most important parameter. For contact times evaluated in this research, bacterial deactivation remained the same or slightly decreased with contact time. In conclusion, surfactant-modified GAC can be used as an effective disinfection technique for recycled water.

scholarly journals Performance of silver-coated red soil nanocomposites in water disinfection

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Mahmoudi ◽  
Farid Moeinpour
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surface Response Method ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Bacterial Effect

Abstract The present research studied the anti-bacterial effect of silver-coated red soil nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) from water. The effects of disinfectant concentration (0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 g/mL), contact time (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and bacteria number (102, 104 and 106 CFU/mL) have been also investigated. To obtain important factors, the interactions between factors and optimal experimental design in surface response method were used based on Box-Behnken design. According to the research findings, the system is efficient in eliminating E. coli. The results showed that E. coli elimination efficiency intensified through increasing the amount of disinfectant from 0.02 to 0.1 g/mL. Expanding contact time from 10 minutes to 30 minutes also heightened the E. coli elimination rate. R2 for E. coli elimination is 0.9956 indicating a good agreement between model experimental data and forecasting data.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Production of Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra-Acetic Acid Modified Activated Carbon using Palm Kernel Shell for the Adsorption of Copper ion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Y. Yerima ◽  
I. Eiroboyi ◽  
I. Eiroboyi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Biomass-based activated carbon has received large attention due to its excellent characteristics such as inexpensiveness, good absorption behaviour, and potential to reduce strong dependence towards non-renewable precursors. The potential use of Palm Kernel Shell in modified activated carbon was evaluated by using the Response Surface Methodology. In this study, a 23 three-level Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to develop a statistical model for the optimization of process variables, contact time (10-130mins) X1, pH (5.0 – 8.0) X2, and adsorbent dose (0.4 -5.0g) X3. The investigation shows that Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra-Acetic Acid modified activated carbon prepared from Palm Kernel Shell is a promising adsorbent for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions over a wide range of concentrations with an optimized efficiency of 99% at the solution pH of 7.2, contact time of 70 minutes and adsorbent dose of 2.1g/L. The adsorption results are in line with the linear and quadratic model representation, which is evident from the models for optimization of copper ions.

Synergistic antibacterial activity of a combination of silver and copper nanoparticle impregnated activated carbon for water disinfection

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2405-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Biswas ◽  
Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Copper Nanoparticle ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Synergistic Antibacterial Activity

Schematic representation of E. coli cell death using the synergistic anti-bacterial activity of a mixture of Ag-AC and Cu-AC hybrids.

scholarly journals Disinfection efficacy of chlorine and peracetic acid alone or in combination against Aspergillus spp. and Candida albicans in drinking water

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Sisti ◽  
Giorgio Brandi ◽  
Mauro De Santi ◽  
Laura Rinaldi ◽  
Giuditta F. Schiavano
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Complete Inactivation

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fungicidal activity of chlorine and peracetic acid in drinking water against various pathogenic Aspergillus spp. and Candida albicans strains. A. nidulans exhibited the greatest resistance, requiring 10 ppm of chlorine for 30 min contact time for a complete inactivation. Under the same experimental conditions, peracetic acid was even less fungicidal. In this case, A. niger proved to be the most resistant species (50 ppm for 60 min for complete inactivation). All Aspergillus spp. were insensitive to 10 ppm even with extended exposure (>5 h). The combination of chlorine and peracetic acid against Aspergillus spp. did not show synergistic effects except in the case of A. flavus. Complete growth inhibition of C. albicans was observed after about 3 h contact time with 0.2 ppm. C. albicans was less sensitive to peracetic acid. Hence the concentrations of chlorine that are usually present in drinking water distribution systems are ineffective against several Aspergillus spp. and peracetic acid cannot be considered an alternative to chlorine for disinfecting drinking water. The combination of the two biocides is not very effective in eliminating filamentous fungi at the concentrations permitted for drinking water disinfection.

Effects of experimental conditions on E. coli survival during solar photocatalytic water disinfection

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosima Sichel ◽  
Julián Blanco ◽  
Sixto Malato ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
E Coli

scholarly journals A study in the experimental conditions of pesticide action on microorganisms characterizing sanitary-epidemiological safety of reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Aleshnya ◽  
Peter V. Zhuravlev ◽  
O. P. Panasovets
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria

The paper presents experimental data on the pesticides action (molinate (OrdramA), Dinitroortocresolum and chlorophos) at concentrations of 0.01 mg /l to 10 mg/l on sanitary-indicative (TBC, total coliform bacteria, E. coli, E. faecalis), potentially pathogenic ( Ps. aeruginosa) and pathogenic (S. Derby) microflora of the river water. As the test cultures there were used isolated from the reservoir and museum strains of microorganisms. Due to the fact that the rate of decomposition ofpesticides in water increases in direct proportion to the extent of its biological contamination, the experiments were performed with the river water: native and sterilized by autoclaving. There were identified species and strain differences in the microbial response to the action of pesticides. The selectivity of OrdramA action at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg/l on Salmonella and of chlorophos at a concentration of 10 mg/l for Salmonella and E. coli is manifested in the stimulation of the reproduction of these bacteria. Dinitroortocresolum in concentrations of 10 mg/l and 1 mg/l gives rise in the reproduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibits the growth of total coliform bacteria and E. coli, in a concentration of 0.1 mg/l the preparation stimulates the viability of all the studied microorganisms. When entering the body of water, pesticides were found to cause changes of biocenosis in the river water and disturb bacterial self-cleaning processes. In conditions of pesticide pollution total coliform bacteria, E. coli and E. faecalis unable to maintain their indicative value and therefore the use of only them for the evaluation of the sanitary-epidemiological status of the water source appears to be insufficient. Due to the fact that the epidemic potential of water is directly dependent on quantitative content ofpathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms in it, the reproduction Salmonella and Pseudomonas bacteria is a negative moment from the sanitary and epidemiological point of view.

scholarly journals Removal of metronidazole antibiotic from aqueous solution by ammonia-modified activated carbon: adsorption isotherm and kinetic study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmadfazeli ◽  
Yousef Poureshgh ◽  
Yousef Rashtbari ◽  
Hamed Akbari ◽  
Peyman Pourali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

Abstract This article was aimed at investigating the removal of metronidazole (MNZ) from aquatic solutions by modified activated carbon (MAC) with amine groups. The effect of various parameters on the adsorption rate such as the initial pH, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of MNZ and contact time were scrutinized. MAC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques. The obtained results illustrated that under the optimum conditions (pH = 3, contact time = 50 min, initial MNZ concentration = 5 mg/L and MAC dose = 0.5 g/L), the maximum adsorption efficiency was 95%. Furthermore, the kinetic studies indicated the applicability of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, whereas the adsorption isotherm fitted well with the Freundlich model (0.996), and the maximum adsorption capacity was 66.22 mg/g. The SBET and the total pure volume of MAC were 706.92 m2/g and 0.532 cm3/g, respectively. Also, the regeneration tests demonstrated that MAC had good stability after five cycles (73%). It can be concluded that MAC, as an effective adsorbent, has a high ability to remove MNZ from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon as Adsorbent for Pb2+ and NO3-

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 396-402
Author(s):  
Arnelli Arnelli ◽  
Rahmatul Fazira ◽  
Yayuk Astuti ◽  
Ahmad Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Nitrate Anions ◽  
Better Than

The adsorption efficiency and selectivity of activated carbon as an adsorbent for ions can be improved. One way is to convert activated carbon into surfactant modified activated carbon (SMAC). The surfactants used in this study were the anionic surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). This research aims to synthesize SMAC to obtain a material with a surface charge and absorb ions better than activated carbon. This research consisted of four stages. The first step was the carbonization of rice husks using a pyrolysis reactor at 400°C for 1 hour. The second stage was carbon activation using 30% ZnCl2 and microwave radiation for 5 minutes and 400 W. The third stage was the modification of activated carbon and characterization by FTIR, SEM, SAA. The fourth stage was the adsorption of Pb cations and nitrate anions by carbon, activated carbon, and SMAC. Several variables were applied, such as the type of surfactant, time, and method of modification. There are three ways of modification: (1) method A, in which activated carbon is brought into contact with SLS then HDTMA-Br. (2) Method B in which activated carbon was contacted with HDTMA-Br then SLS. (3) Method C in which activated carbon was brought into contact with SLS together with HDTMA-Br. All variables were investigated. The results showed that the optimum time for making SMAC for both surfactants was 4 hours, the optimum concentrations of SLS and HDTMA-Br were 60 and 300 ppm, respectively. SMAC made by the C method was the most effective at adsorbing Pb2+ and NO3- with adsorption capacities of 1.376 and 0.896 mg/g, respectively. The success of SMAC synthesis was evidenced by the S=O and (CH3)3N+ groups in the FTIR spectra. The SMAC surface area is smaller than activated carbon, 14.472 m2/g, but the surface morphology is smoother and more homogeneous.

scholarly journals Studi Adsorpsi Furfural Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Durian Termodifikasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Philip Dohan Rea Sitinjak ◽  
Amir Husin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Isotherm Adsorption

Furfural is an aromatic aldehyde, classified as hazardous material that cause environmental impact, especially harmful for humans if consumed. Furfural removal in water is necessary to overcome the negative impact. Furfural removal can be carried out using adsorption of activated carbon from durian shell. This study determines contact time and reaction kinetic using modified activated carbon which carried out in 7 stages: preparation of furfural main solution 1000 ppm, furfural work solution, determining furfural standard curve, adsorption time, best mass and adsorption capacity of activated carbon, isotherm adsorption and kinetics. The parameters measured are contact time, capacity, furfural adsorption kinetics. Filtrate testing is carried out using UV-Spectrophotometry. Results that obtained in this study are best contact time at 75 minutes with reaction order; reaction contant (k); linear regression (R2) are 1.5; 3.966 × 10-5 (mg/g)/s; 0.9451 respectively. The isotherm adsorption model is Langmuir Isotherm.  

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