Evaluation of dual-mode rainwater harvesting system to mitigate typhoon-induced water shortage in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Islam ◽  
F. N.-F. Chou ◽  
C.-H. Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Design Algorithm

The water shortage of today's world is one of the most challenging problems and the world is looking for the best solution to reduce it. Some human made causes and also natural causes are liable for the shortage of the existing water supply system. In Taiwan, especially during typhoon, the turbidity of raw water increases beyond the treatment level and the plant cannot supply required amount of water. To make the system effective, a couple of days are needed and the shortage occurs. The purpose of this study is to solve this emergency shortage problem. A dual-mode Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) was designed for this study as a supplement to the existing water supply system to support some selected non-potable components such as toilet and urinal flushing of an elementary school. An optimal design algorithm was developed using YAS (yield after spillage) and YBS (yield before spillage) release rules. The study result proved that an optimum volume of tank can solve the emergency water shortage properly. The system was found to be more reliable in Taipei area than that of Tainan area. The study also discovered that a government subsidy would be needed to promote the system in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Study on the Raw Water Allocation and Optimization in Shenzhen City, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Jiang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Zhongkai Feng ◽  
Changming Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Allocation Model

In order to allocate the raw water of the complex water supply system in Shenzhen reasonably, this paper studied the complex network relationship of this large-scale urban water supply system, which consists of 46 reservoirs, 67 waterworks, 2 external diversion water sources, 14 pumping stations and 9 gates, and described each component of the system with the concepts of point, line and plane. Using the topological analysis technology and graph theory, a generalized model of the network topological structure of the urban water allocation system was established. On this basis, combined with the water demand prediction and allocation model of waterworks, a water resources allocation model was established, aiming at satisfying the guaranteed rate of the water supply. The decomposition and coordination principle of the large-scale system and the dynamic simulation technology of the supply-demand balance were adopted to solve the model. The forward calculation mode of controlling waterworks and pumps, and the reverse calculation mode of controlling reservoirs and waterworks were designed in solving the model, and a double-layer feedback mechanism was formed, which took the reverse calculation mode as outer feedback and the reservoir water level constraint or pipeline capacity constraint as inner feedback. Through the verification calculation of the case study, it was found that the proposed model can deal well with the raw water allocation of a large-scale complex water supply system, which had an important application value and a practical significance.

scholarly journals Use of the direct and cultivation methods in the bacteriological examination of water in water supply system

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1337-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ciric ◽  
Z. Ilic ◽  
B. Milosevic ◽  
Z. Spasic ◽  
J. Stojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Cultivation Methods

Bacterial abundance in the water used for drinking by humans and animals is a parameter that is closely linked to their health. Therefore, application of a method of detection of bacterial count which will indicate the real status of this parameter, as authentically as possible, is necessary. The bacterial load of water in certain stages of water supply using direct and cultivation methods was investigated. In the cultivation method, the water samples were inoculated on PCA and on R2A medium, and incubated for 7 days at 37 ?C and at room temperature. Direct method included filtration of samples stained with acridine orange and counting of bacteria on the filters under the epifluorescence microscope. Cultivation and direct methods showed the lowest bacterial count in the tank of Bagdala II, 0 cfu/ml and 611 bacteria/ml, respectively, and maximum abundance in raw water, 157 cfu/ml and 1,378,698 bacteria/ml, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that significantly higher count of bacteria was recorded on R2A medium compared to PCA, and at room temperature than at 37 ?C. By index TBC/AMB, the native raw water was classified as more polluted water when applying the results obtained at room temperature compared to the results obtained at 37 ?C. The most realistic bacteriological status of all water types was obtained using the direct method of quantification of bacteria. However, for routine monitoring of water in water supply system, as well as for the examination of bacterial regrowth in the distribution network, it is the best to apply the cultivation method which involves inoculation of samples on R2A medium and incubation at room temperature.

scholarly journals Feasibility of groundwater desalination in the northeast of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Rafael Carneiro de Souza Barros ◽  
Yasmim Cristina Leiros Meira
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Population Number ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
High Level

Seasonal droughts occur in Northeast of Brazil by centuries, due to water shortage caused by the 2012-2018 severe drought, state governments have declared a state of emergency for most of the municipalities. As most of the municipalities depend on surface waters for the urban water supply system and the majority of water reservoirs in the Northeast being in a critical situation, the desalination of groundwater would be a feasible solution. This paper aims to identify municipalities in the state of emergency in the states of Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB) and Pernambuco (PE) feasible for an implementation of a distillation desalination plant powered by a renewable energy source. In this context, the method used to discover the best locations was to apply six criteria (Being in a state of emergency due to water shortage; Need in investment in the water supply system; Surface waters as the main source of water supply; Population number between 4,000 and 25,000 people; High level of total solids dissolved in groundwaters; Great potential for solar and wind energy production), crossed them in GIS software and classified into “Most Feasible” and “Feasible”. The result obtained identified RN with the bigger number of “Most Feasible” municipalities and PE with the bigger number of “Feasible” municipalities for groundwater desalination. Key Words: Semi-arid; Water Supply System; Renewable Energy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document