Diversity of fecal coliforms and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in wastewater treatment model plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1383-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Łuczkiewicz ◽  
S. Fudala-Książek ◽  
K. Jankowska ◽  
B. Quant ◽  
K. Olańczuk-Neyman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

The occurrence of resistance patterns among wastewater fecal coliforms was determined in the study. Susceptibility of the isolates was tested against 19 antimicrobial agents: aminoglycosides, aztreonam, carbapenems, cephalosporines, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, penicillines, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and fluoroquinolones. Additionally the removal of resistant isolates was evaluated in the laboratory-scale wastewater treatment model plant (M-WWTP), continuously supplied with the wastewater obtained from the full-scale WWTP. Number of fecal coliforms in raw (after mechanical treatment) and treated wastewater, as well as in aerobic chamber effluent was determined using selective medium. The selected strains were identified and examined for antibiotic resistance using Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (BD Biosciences, USA). The strains were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 222), Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. ozaenae (n = 9), and Pantoea agglomerans (n = 1). The isolate of P. agglomerans as well as 48% of E. coli isolates were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. The most frequent resistance patterns were found for ampicillin: 100% of K. pneumoniae ssp. ozaenae and 41% of E. coli isolates. Among E. coli isolates 12% was regarded as multiple antimicrobial resistant (MAR). In the studied M-WWTP, the applied activated sludge processes reduced considerably the number of fecal coliforms, but increased the ratio of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates to sensitive ones, especially among strains with MAR patterns.

scholarly journals Ultrafiltration Process in Disinfection and Advanced Treatment of Tertiary Treated Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Rafał Tytus Bray ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Eliza Kulbat ◽  
Aneta Łuczkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents the results of research on the use of ultrafiltration, using membranes of 200 and 400 kDa separation, for disinfection of municipal treated wastewater. The research was conducted on a fractional technical scale using real municipal treated wastewater from two large wastewater treatment plants treating most of the wastewater over the one-million polycentric Gdańsk agglomeration (1.2 million inhabitants). UF 200 kDa and UF 400 kDa processes enabled further improvement of the physical and chemical parameters of treated wastewater. Total phosphorus (to below 0.2 mg/L–UF 200 kDa, 0.13 mg/L–UF 400 kDa) and turbid substances (to below 0.2 mg/L, both membranes) were removed in the highest degree. COD was reduced efficiently (to below 25.6 mgO2/L–UF 200 kDa, 26.8 mgO2/L–UF 400 kDa), while total nitrogen was removed to a small extent (to 7.12 mg/L–UF 200 kDa and 5.7 mg/L–UF 400 kDa. Based on the reduction of indicator bacteria; fecal coliforms including E. coli (FC) and fecal enterococci (FE) it was found that the ultrafiltration is an effective method of disinfection. Not much indicator bacterial were observed in the permeate after processes (UF 200 kDa; FC—5 CFU/L; FE—1 CFU/L and UF 400 kDa; FC—70 CFU/L; FE—10 CFU/L. However, microscopic analysis of prokaryotic cells and virus particles showed their presence after the application of both membrane types; TCN 3.0 × 102 cells/mL–UF 200 kDa, 5.0 × 103 cells/mL–UF 400 kDa, VP 1.0 × 105/mL. The presence of potentially pathogenic, highly infectious virus particles means that ultrafiltration cannot be considered a sufficient disinfection method for treated wastewater diverted for reuse or discharged from high load wastewater treatment plants to recreational areas. For full microbiological safety it would be advisable to apply an additional disinfection method (e.g., ozonation).

A comprehensive approach for diagnosing opportunities for improving the performance of a WWTP

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2935-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Silva ◽  
J. Saldanha Matos ◽  
M. J. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Excellent Performance

High quality services of wastewater treatment require a continuous assessment and improvement of the technical, environmental and economic performance. This paper demonstrates a comprehensive approach for benchmarking wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), using performance indicators (PIs) and indices (PXs), in a ‘plan-do-check-act’ cycle routine driven by objectives. The performance objectives herein illustrated were to diagnose the effectiveness and energy performance of an oxidation ditch WWTP. The PI and PX results demonstrated an effective and reliable oxidation ditch (good–excellent performance), and a non-reliable UV disinfection (unsatisfactory–excellent performance) related with influent transmittance and total suspended solids. The energy performance increased with the treated wastewater volume and was unsatisfactory below 50% of plant capacity utilization. The oxidation ditch aeration performed unsatisfactorily and represented 38% of the plant energy consumption. The results allowed diagnosing opportunities for improving the energy and economic performance considering the influent flows, temperature and concentrations, and for levering the WWTP performance to acceptable–good effectiveness, reliability and energy efficiency. Regarding the plant reliability for fecal coliforms, improvement of UV lamp maintenance and optimization of the UV dose applied and microscreen recommissioning were suggested.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Untreated Surface Waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher J Janezic ◽  
Blake Ferry ◽  
Eric W Hendricks ◽  
Brian A Janiga ◽  
Tiffany Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli

A common member of the intestinal microbiota in humans and animals isEscherichia coli. Based on the presence of virulence factors,E. colican be potentially pathogenic. The focus of this study was to isolateE. colifrom untreated surface waters (37 sites) in Illinois and Missouri and determine phenotypic and genotypic diversity among isolates. Water samples positive for fecal coliforms based on the Colisure®test were streaked directly onto Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar (37°C) or transferred to EC broth (44.5°C). EC broth cultures producing gas were then streaked onto EMB agar. Forty-five isolates were identified asE. coliusing API 20E and Enterotube II identification systems, and some phenotypic variation was observed in metabolism and fermentation. Antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was also determined using the Kirby-Bauer Method. Differential responses to 10 antimicrobial agents were seen with 7, 16, 2, and 9 of the isolates resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, tetracycline, and triple sulfonamide, respectively. All of the isolates were susceptible or intermediate to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, polymyxin B, gentamicin, imipenem, and nalidixic acid. Genotypic variation was assessed through multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for four virulence genes (stx1andstx2[shiga toxin],eaeA[intimin]; andhlyA[enterohemolysin]) and one housekeeping gene (uidA[β-D-glucuronidase]). Genotypic variation was observed with two of the isolates possessing the virulence gene (eaeA) for intimin. These findings increase our understanding of the diversity ofE. coliin the environment which will ultimately help in the assessment of this organism and its role in public health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
K. F. Chah ◽  
S. C. Okafor ◽  
S. I. Oboegbulem
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Resistance Patterns

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), Streptomycin (30µg). cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg).The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6%  66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Escherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests.

scholarly journals Genotypes of Esbl Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Relation to Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs

PRILOZI ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Ana Kaftandzieva ◽  
Elena Trajkovska-Dokic ◽  
Vesna Kotevska ◽  
Zaklina Cekovska ◽  
Gordana Jankoska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of drug resistance with β-lactamase gene types in ESBL positive E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-Kp. Material and methods: A total of 251 ESBL-positive E. coli and Kp isolates obtained from urine, tracheal aspirate, wound swab and blood from patients hospitalised at the University Clinics in Skopje were detected using the ESBL set and automated Vitek 2 system. Vitek was also used for susceptibility testing (determination of MIC of 17 antimicrobial agents). Multiplex PCR was used to identify genes for different types of ESBLs in a 100 randomly selected, ESBL positive strains. Results: More of the 87 ESBL typeable isolates (61%) harbour two or more bla genes and the frequency of antibiotic resistance was high in these isolates, compared to those with a single gene. Isolates with ≥ 3 genes were highly resistant to beta-lactams and non-beta lactams used. The degree of resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins was also high in these isolates (MIC ≥ 64). More of the ESBL-positive isolates showed higher resistance to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime. Conclusion: Identification of the genes is necessary for the surveillance of their transmission in hospitals. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns are crucial to overcome the problems associated with ESBLs.

Uniform protocol for wastewater UV validation applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
G. E. Whitby ◽  
O. Lawal ◽  
P. Ropic ◽  
S. Shima ◽  
B. Ferran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Uv Dose

The treatment objective of an ultraviolet disinfection system used in a wastewater application is to protect the aquatic environment and users of water that receive discharges from wastewater treatment plants. To ensure this objective is adequately met it is important to validate, or verify equipment performance for a specific application. The widely accepted method for completing this validation is by determining the UV dose delivery performance using biodosimetry. Until now a standard bioassay did not exist for UV equipment that is used to disinfect treated wastewater from a biological treatment plant that is achieving an average effluent quality of less than 30 mg/L BOD/TSS and disinfection requirements of 126 cfu/100 mL E. coli over a 30 day geometric mean or 200 cfu/100 mL fecal coliforms over a 30 day geometric mean. A uniform bioassay for wastewater UV equipment that can be widely adopted by industry and regulatory bodies was developed and approved by the International Ultraviolet Association. This bioassay for UV equipment is described.

A pilot-scale study of peracetic acid and ultraviolet light for wastewater disinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1453-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman H. Hassaballah ◽  
Jeremy Nyitrai ◽  
Christine H. Hart ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
Lauren M. Sassoubre
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Somatic Coliphage

At the pilot-scale, peracetic acid effectively inactivates fecal coliforms,E. coliandEnterococcusspp. in secondary and tertiary treated wastewater. The addition of UV to PAA treatment increases inactivation of somatic coliphage.

scholarly journals The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli, in municipal wastewater and river water

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Osińska ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Monika Harnisz ◽  
Sebastian Niestępski ◽  
Piotr Jachimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) which are transported to the natural environment with discharged effluents. Samples of untreated wastewater (UWW) and treated wastewater (TWW) from four municipal WWTPs and samples of river water collected upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the effluent discharge point were analyzed in the study. The total counts of bacteria resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines and the counts of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli were determined. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant E. coli, were removed with up to 99.9% efficiency in the evaluated WWTPs. Despite the above, ARB counts in TWW samples were high at up to 1.25x105 CFU/mL in winter and 1.25x103 CFU/mL in summer. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were also abundant (up to 103 CFU/ml) in URW and DRW samples collected in winter and summer. In both UWW and TWW samples, the counts of ARB and antibiotic-resistant E. coli were at least one order of magnitude lower in summer than in winter. The study revealed that despite the high efficiency of bacterial removal in the wastewater treatment processes, considerable amounts of ARB are released into the environment with TWW and that the percentage of ARB in total bacterial counts increases after wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. to selected antimicrobial agents present in municipal wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Luczkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Felis ◽  
Aleksandra Ziembinska ◽  
Anna Gnida ◽  
Ewa Kotlarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

In this study, the susceptibility to erythromycin (E) and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) among isolates of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli was tested, respectively. Both fecal indicators were detected and isolated from raw (RW) and treated wastewater (TW) as well as from samples of activated sludge (AS) collected in a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Biodiversity of bacterial community in AS was also monitored using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Additionally, distribution of sul1–3 genes conferring sulfonamide resistance was tested among SXT-resistant E. coli. Simultaneously, basic physicochemical parameters and concentrations of eight antimicrobial compounds (belonging to folate pathway inhibitors and macrolides class) were analyzed in RW and TW samples. Six of the selected antimicrobial agents, namely: erythromycin, clarithromycin, trimethoprim, roxithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole were detected in the wastewater samples. Bacterial biodiversity of AS samples were comparable with no relevant differences. Among tested Enterococcus spp., E-resistant isolates constituted 41%. SXT resistance was less prevalent in E. coli with 11% of isolates. The genes conferring resistance to sulfonamides (sul1–3) were detected in SXT-resistant E. coli of wastewater origin with similar frequencies as in other environmental compartments, including clinical ones.

scholarly journals Evidence of Naturalized Stress-Tolerant Strains of Escherichia coli in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (18) ◽  
pp. 5505-5518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhi ◽  
Graham Banting ◽  
Qiaozhi Li ◽  
Thomas A. Edge ◽  
Edward Topp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biomarker Pattern ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Pcr Targeting

ABSTRACTEscherichia colihas been proposed to have two habitats—the intestines of mammals/birds and the nonhost environment. Our goal was to assess whether certain strains ofE. colihave evolved toward adaptation and survival in wastewater. Raw sewage samples from different treatment plants were subjected to chlorine stress, and ∼59% of the survivingE. colistrains were found to contain a genetic insertion element (IS30) located within theuspC-flhDCintergenic region. The positional location of the IS30element was not observed across a library of 845E. coliisolates collected from various animal hosts or within GenBank or whole-genome reference databases for human and animalE. coliisolates (n= 1,177). Phylogenetics clustered the IS30element-containing wastewaterE. coliisolates into a distinct clade, and biomarker analysis revealed that these wastewater isolates contained a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) biomarker pattern that was specific for wastewater. These isolates belonged to phylogroup A, possessed generalized stress response (RpoS) activity, and carried the locus of heat resistance, features likely relevant to nonhost environmental survival. Isolates were screened for 28 virulence genes but carried only thefimHmarker. Our data suggest that wastewater contains a naturalized resident population ofE. coli. We developed an endpoint PCR targeting the IS30element within theuspC-flhDCintergenic region, and all raw sewage samples (n= 21) were positive for this marker. Conversely, the prevalence of this marker inE. coli-positive surface and groundwater samples was low (≤5%). This simple PCR assay may represent a convenient microbial source-tracking tool for identification of water samples affected by municipal wastewater.IMPORTANCEThe results of this study demonstrate that some strains ofE. coliappear to have evolved to become naturalized populations in the wastewater environment and possess a number of stress-related genetic elements likely important for survival in this nonhost environment. The presence of non-host-adapted strains in wastewater challenges our understanding of usingE. colias a microbial indicator of wastewater treatment performance, suggesting that theE. colistrains present in human and animal feces may be very different from those found in treated wastewater.

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