Development and validation of a simplified model for the anaerobic degradation of phenol

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
A. Donoso-Bravo ◽  
F. Rosenkranz ◽  
G. Ruiz-Filippi ◽  
R. Chamy
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Development And Validation

The anaerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater has demonstrated to be a suitable biological system, for that reason, a large number of systems have been implemented in a lab/pilot scale, several industrial plants have also been developed. Despite of this, there is a lack of modeling applications within these systems. In order to enhance the anaerobic treatment of this kind of water, a simplified model of 2 populations and 3 reactions was developed and implemented. The parameter calibration and the model validation were carried out with experimental data obtained from an Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor treating phenolic wastewater through two different operational strategies: sequential batches with a co-substrate and sequential fed-batches without a co-substrate. The model predicted the reactors performance accurately for the different experimental conditions tested. Therefore, the theoretical basis of the model is, in general terms, valid, and its utilization to predict the reactors performance or in control purposes is feasible.

Wastewater containing Cr(VI) treatment using solar tubular reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1698-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiele Caprioli Machado ◽  
Marla Azário Lansarin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Specific Reaction Rate ◽  
Photochemical Reduction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
Electroplating Process

The hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), which is generated in the electroplating process, is toxic to most organisms and potentially harmful to human health. The method generally used for remediation of wastewater containing Cr(VI) employs chemicals with high toxicity. This work proposes an alternative technology for the treatment of these wastewaters, based on photochemical reduction of Cr(VI) by alcohols under radiation, which is environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Initially, a batch reactor in laboratory scale was used to determine the best experimental conditions and its specific reaction rate was calculated. Based on these results, a tubular reactor (artificial radiation and sunlight) was designed and built in semi-pilot scale. Tests were carried out with real wastewater from an electroplating industry containing Cr(VI). Tests conducted under sunlight showed a higher total Cr(VI) reduction than the tests with artificial radiation. The remediation of Cr(VI) from wastewater was 86.7% after 6 h of reaction under sunlight, indicating the high efficiency of the developed process.

scholarly journals Granulicoccus phenolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-positive, phenol-degrading coccus isolated from phenol-degrading aerobic granules

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Majid Maszenan ◽  
He Long Jiang ◽  
Joo-Hwa Tay ◽  
Peter Schumann ◽  
Reiner M. Kroppenstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Aerobic Granules ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Capsular Material

A Gram-positive bacterium, designated strain PG-02T, was isolated by serial dilution from aerobic granules obtained from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor for bioremediation of phenolic wastewater. Strain PG-02T grew axenically as cocci and is an oxidase-negative and catalase-positive, non-motile facultative anaerobe. It does not reduce nitrate and grows between 15 and 37 °C, with an optimum temperature of 30 °C. The pH range for growth is between 5.0 and 8.5, with an optimum pH of 7.0. Strain PG-02T contains type A3γ peptidoglycan (ll-A2pm←Gly with alanine at position 1 of the peptide subunit). The G+C content of the DNA is 69 mol%. Menaquinone MK-9(H4) was the major isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, while 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (i-C15 : 0) and 1,1-dimethoxy-iso-pentadecane (i-C15 : 0 DMA) were the major components in whole-cell methanolysates. PG-02T stained positively for intracellular polyphosphate granules but not poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates. It produces capsular material and possesses an autoaggregation capability. Phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that PG-02T differed from its closest phylogenetic relatives, namely members of the suborder Propionibacterineae, which includes the genera Tessaracoccus, Microlunatus, Luteococcus, Micropruina, Propionibacterium, Propioniferax, Nocardioides, Friedmanniella and Aeromicrobium, and that it should be placed in a new genus and species as Granulicoccus phenolivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Granulicoccus phenolivorans is PG-02T (=ATCC BAA-1292T=DSM 17626T).

scholarly journals Post-treatment of tannery wastewater using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (polishing)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Alemu ◽  
Andualem Mekonnen ◽  
Seyoum Leta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Pollutants Removal

Abstract In the present study, a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) system planted with Phragmites karka; longitudinal profile was studied. The wetland was fed with tannery wastewater, pretreated in a two-stage anaerobic digester followed by a sequence batch reactor. Samples from each CW were taken and analyzed using standard methods. The removal efficiency of the CW system in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr and total coliforms were 91.3%, 90%, 97.3% and 99%, respectively. The removal efficiency for TN, NO3− and NH4+-N were 77.7%, 66.3% and 67.7%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiency of SO42−, S2− and total suspended solids (TSS) were 71.8%, 88.7% and 81.2%, respectively. The concentration of COD, BOD, TN, NO3−N, NH4+-N, SO42 and S2− in the final treated effluent were 113.2 ± 52, 56 ± 18, 49.3 ± 13, 22.75 ± 20, 17.1 ± 6.75, 88 ± 120 and 0.4 ± 0.44 mg/L, respectively. Pollutants removal was decreased in the first 12 m and increased along the CW cells. P. karka development in the first cell of CW was poor, small in size and experiencing chlorosis, but clogging was higher in this area due to high organic matter settling, causing a partial surface flow. The performance of the pilot CW as a tertiary treatment showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY WASTEWATER FROM BROWN COAL PROCESSING ¬ A REMEDIATION CASE STUDY IN GERMANY

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Wiessner ◽  
Jochen A. Müller ◽  
Peter Kuschk ◽  
Uwe Kappelmeyer ◽  
Matthias Kästner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Term Monitoring

The large scale of the contamination by the former carbo-chemical industry in Germany requires new and often interdisciplinary approaches for performing an economically sustainable remediation. For example, a highly toxic and dark-colored phenolic wastewater from a lignite pyrolysis factory was filled into a former open-cast pit, forming a large wastewater disposal pond. This caused an extensive environmental pollution, calling for an ecologically and economically acceptable strategy for remediation. Laboratory-scale investigations and pilot-scale tests were carried out. The result was the development of a strategy for an implementation of full-scale enhanced in situ natural attenuation on the basis of separate habitats in a meromictic pond. Long-term monitoring of the chemical and biological dynamics of the pond demonstrates the metamorphosis of a former highly polluted industrial waste deposition into a nature-integrated ecosystem with reduced danger for the environment, and confirmed the strategy for the chosen remediation management.

COD removal of phenolic wastewater by biological activated carbon-sequencing batch reactor in the presence of 2,4-DCP

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-R. Ha ◽  
L. Qishan ◽  
S. Vinitnantharat
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater

Treatment performance of COD in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was explored by using a biological activated carbon-sequencing batch reactor (BAC-SBR) system. Two COD levels of basic substrate were synthesized with a mixture of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Although effluent concentration was increased with reduction of sludge retention time (SRT) from 8-days to 3-days, treatment efficiency was indicated more than 90% of COD in all SRTs applied. Reactors operated with acclimated sludge could be expected to cope with quite high loading of inhibitory substances.

Hydraulic tracer studies in a pilot scale subsurface flow constructed wetland

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. King ◽  
Cynthia A. Mitchell ◽  
Tony Howes
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Tracer Studies ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Removal Mechanisms

Current design procedures for Subsurface Flow (SSF) Wetlands are based on the simplifying assumptions of plug flow and first order decay of pollutants. These design procedures do yield functional wetlands but result in over-design and inadequate descriptions of the pollutant removal mechanisms which occur within them. Even though these deficiencies are often noted, few authors have attempted to improve modelling of either flow or pollutant removal in such systems. Consequently the Oxley Creek Wetland, a pilot scale SSF wetland designed to enable rigorous monitoring, has recently been constructed in Brisbane, Australia. Tracer studies have been carried out in order to determine the hydraulics of this wetland prior to commissioning it with settled sewage. The tracer studies will continue during the wetland's commissioning and operational phases. These studies will improve our understanding of the hydraulics of newly built SSF wetlands and the changes brought on by operational factors such as biological films and wetland plant root structures. Results to date indicate that the flow through the gravel beds is not uniform and cannot be adequately modelled by a single parameter, plug flow with dispersion, model. We have developed a multiparameter model, incorporating four plug flow reactors, which provides a better approximation of our experimental data. With further development this model will allow improvements to current SSF wetland design procedures and operational strategies, and will underpin investigations into the pollutant removal mechanisms at the Oxley Creek Wetland.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the process of decomposition of apatitis with phosphoric acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-297
Author(s):  
R. F. Sabirov ◽  
A. F. Makhotkin ◽  
Yu. N. Sakharov ◽  
I. A. Makhotkin ◽  
I. Yu. Sakharov
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Proportional Increase

Experimental studies of the kinetics and mechanism of the process, decomposition of apatite by phosphoric acid, in the Apatite-H3PO4-H2O system without the addition of sulfuric acid have been performed. The study of the decomposition process of Kovdorsky apatite with certain particle sizes was carried out in a batch reactor with a volume of 1 dm3 with stirring of the reaction mixture, and an initial concentration of phosphoric acid of 17% by weight, at a temperature of 78–82 °C. Observation of the process was carried out by determining the concentration of phosphoric acid and the concentration of monocalcium phosphate. The acidity of the reaction mixture was determined by the pH meter readings (pH-105 MA with a glass combined-ESC-10603 electrode). It was shown that during the whole process a constant smooth increase in the pH value of the reaction mixture to pH 6 occurs. Comparison of the pH values of the reaction mixture during the actual at the time of determining the concentration of phosphoric acid and pH of phosphoric acid of the corresponding concentration in the aqueous solution shows that the pH value of the reaction mixture is significantly affected by the presence of monocalcium phosphate gel. During the process, during the first thirty minutes, the concentration of phosphoric acid decreases from 17 to 10% by weight, the corresponding quantitative formation of monocalcium phosphate gel and a proportional increase in the pH of the reaction mixture. Then, as the concentration of phosphoric acid decreases, the process slows down and does not proceed to the end under the experimental conditions. The dependence of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the reaction mixture on the time of the process of decomposition of apatite in phosphoric acid, which is presented in logarithmic coordinates, shows that the mechanism of formation of hydrogen ions during the whole process does not change. Thus, it is shown that the process of decomposition of apatite by phosphoric acid in the Apatite-H3PO4-H2O system proceeds with the formation of an intermediate product - monocalcium phosphate gel. When this occurs, a corresponding significant change in the pH values of the reaction mixture occurs. During the whole process there is a constant decrease in the concentration of phosphoric acid.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD TO EVALUATE BIOSAFETY CAPACITY OF BARU (Dipteryx alata) PEELS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 221-240
Author(s):  
E. C. CESARINO ◽  
D. S. MULHOLLAND ◽  
W. FRANCISCO
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

This study developed a new analytical method using Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy (MAS) to track the ion cover in adsorption solution per peel (mesocarp) of Baru (Dipteryx alata). The adsorption study was conducted at different pH and contact time (kinetic), encountering 4.0 as the best pH for adsorption experimental conditions. The variation of contact time showed a pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic behavior. The interpretation of the isotherms allowed to approach the Langmuir model with R² of 0.918 and to determine the maximum adsorption capacity (qmáx) as 11.481 mg.g⁻¹. The characterization of biomass by MAS in the Infrared (FT-IR) identified the possible functional groups belonging to protein, fatty acids and lipids, while thermal analysis (TG-DSC) showed a greater removal of inorganic matter by the biomass washed with water. The method underwent analytical validation, being classified as specific, sensitive, linear, robust, precise and accurate, with LD (limit of detection) and LQ (limit of quantification) equal to 3.873 and 12.912 mg.L⁻¹, respectively. The results obtained demonstrated the potential use of mesocarp Baru as a natural adsorbent for copper ions in solution, opening power for future expansion and improvement of the method.

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