An integrated approach in a municipal WWTP: anaerobic codigestion of sludge with organic waste and nutrient removal from supernatant

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Caffaz ◽  
E. Bettazzi ◽  
D. Scaglione ◽  
C. Lubello
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Anaerobic Codigestion

Co-digestion appears to be an interesting solution to increase the biogas production of poorly performing under-loaded digesters of waste activated sludge. In the Florence WWTP anaerobic codigestion could increase nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates and thus lower the nutrient removal efficiency. In order to develop an integrated solution to upgrade the Florence WWTP, the different process units were tested in experimental plants. Anaerobic codigestion with source-collected organic solid waste in a pilot-scale bioreactor showed an increase of GPR from 0.15 to 0.45 Nl biogas/l/d with 23% of organic waste loaded. Autotrophic nitrogen removal was carried out in two lab-scale pilot plants which were fed with a real anaerobic supernatant after phosphate removal via struvite formation. The nitritation MBBR has been working for one year at steady-state conditions with a perfect nitrite/ammonium ratio equal to 1:1. Anammox biomass enrichment was performed in a suspended biomass SBR and the specific nitrogen removal rate increased from 1.7 to 58 gN/kgVSS/d in 375 days.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in a Subsurface-Flow Reed Bed

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garba Laouali ◽  
Jacques Brisson ◽  
Linda Dumont ◽  
Gilles Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
Reed Bed

Abstract During the last decades, there has been a growing concern over phosphorus and nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment systems. Excessive loads of these nutrients have been implicated in the eutrophication of water courses. Although effectiveness of constructed reed beds for primary and secondary wastewater treatments is well established, their capacity for nutrient removal is not as well documented, especially under northern temperate climates. We monitored nutrient removal in the experimental reed bed wastewater treatment of the Biosphère de Montréal, a museum entirely devoted to the important role of water in the ecosystem. Over the first 2 years of operation, nutrient removal during plant growing season averaged 60% for total nitrogen, 53% for Kjeldahl nitrogen, 73% for total phosphorus and 94% for phosphate. Removal remains acceptable in winter despite a slight decrease in efficiency. Nitrification-deni-trification appears to be the main mechanism responsible for nitrogen removal, while precipitation and adsorption account for most of the phosphorus removal.

scholarly journals In Situ Nutrient Removal from Rural Runoff by A New Type Aerobic/Anaerobic/Aerobic Water Spinach Wetlands

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Wang ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
You Wu ◽  
Yun Cai ◽  
Hai-Liang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
New Type ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification

Rural runoff with abundant nutrients has become a great threat to aquatic environment. Hence, more and more attention has been focused on nutrients removal. In this study, an improved aerobic/anaerobic/aerobic three-stage water spinach constructed wetland (O-A-O-CW) was used to improve the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus of rural runoff. The removal rate of the target pollutants in O-A-O-CW was compared with the common matrix flow wetland as well as the no-plant wetland. The results showed that the O-A-O-CW significantly increased the chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate, and total nitrogen removal rate, and the corresponding removal rate was 55.85%, 81.70%, 76.64%, 89.78%, and 67.68%, respectively. Moreover, the best hydraulic condition of the wetland, including hydraulic retention time and hydraulic loading, was determined, which were 2 days and 0.45 m3·m−2·day−1, respectively. Furthermore, the removal mechanism of the constructed wetland was thoroughly studied, which included the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by the matrix and water spinach, and the nitrification and denitrification by the bacteria. The results demonstrated that the mechanisms of nitrogen removal in the new type wetland were principally by the nitrification and denitrification process. Additionally, adsorption and precipitation by the matrix are mainly responsible for phosphorus removal. These results suggested that the new O-A-O-CW can efficiently removal nutrients and enhance the water quality of the rural runoff.

Upgrading of Florence wastewater treatment plant: co-digestion and nitrogen autotrophic removal

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Caffaz ◽  
R. Canziani ◽  
C. Lubello ◽  
D. Santianni
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Nitrite Production

In recent years a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process based on Anammox biomass has been tested in a few European countries in order to treat anaerobic supernatant and to increase the COD/N ratio in municipal wastewater. This work reports experimental results on a possible technical solution to upgrade the S. Colombano treatment plant which treats wastewater from the Florentine urban area. The idea is to use 50% of the volume of the anaerobic digester in order to treat external sewage sludge (as septic tank sludge) together with waste activated sludge and to treat the resulting effluent on a SHARON-ANAMMOX process in order to remove nitrogen from the anaerobic supernatant. Anaerobic co-digestion, tested in a 200 L pilot plant, enables low cost treatment of septic tank sludge and increases biogas production; however, it also increases the nitrogen load re-circulated to the WWTP, where nitrogen removal efficiency is already low (<50%), due to the low COD/N ratio, which limits predenitrification efficiency. Experimental results from a SHARON process tested in a lab-scale pilot plant show that nitrite oxidising bacteria are washed-out and steady nitrite production can be achieved at retention times in the range 1–1.5 days, at 35 °C. In a lab-scale SBR reactor, coupled with a nitration bioreactor, maximum specific nitrogen removal rate under nitrite-limiting conditions (with doubling time equal to about 26 days at 35 °C) was equal to 0.22 kgN/kgSSV/d, about 44 times the rate measured in inoculum Anammox sludge. Finally, a cost analysis of the proposed upgrade is reported.

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN REMOVAL USING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnanand Maillacheruvu ◽  
Derek Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Removal

Nitrogen and phosphorus are two major pollutants that lead to eutrophication, adversely impact ecosystems, and lead to degradation of water quality, which impacts human health and sustainability. Pollution from point sources like wastewater and industry discharge is easier to control than non-point source pollution due to agricultural runoff and related activities. The USEPA is considering more strict standards for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge from point sources. The objective of this study was to use an appropriate low-cost wastewater technology to demonstrate removal of nitrogen from wastewater discharge using rotating biological contactors (RBCs) using different C:N ratios. The first-order nitrogen removal rate constant was found to be about 3.88 day-1 in experimental reactor systems, using RBC media from a local wastewater treatment plant (Greater Peoria Sanitary District). Phase I experiments, at C:N ratio of 2:1, with nitrogen removal rates of 60% in a single flow-through system. Phase II experiments for the limited carbon availability condition showed that the removal rate constant reduced by 30% and N-removal efficiency dropped to around 48%. Modeling showed that even under these conditions, multiple bioreactors operated in series could help achieve design treatment goals. The system achieved stability within a week of operation. Economics and sustainability issues are analyzed to determine if the process developed in this research is scalable to pilot-and full-scale conditions.

Waste design for households with respect to water, organics and nutrients

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Henze
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Load ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Household Wastewater ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
And Control

Waste design couples handling and treatment of waste with the production and control of waste materials. This integrated approach will allow for a reduced use of non renewable resources in waste treatment. The paper discusses the use of waste design for households and its impact on the composition of household wastewater. This will allow for the design of a wastewater with characteristics quite different from those normally found. The separation of toilet wastes or just urine can reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater to a level where no further nutrient removal is needed. The BOD and COD load to wastewater can be significantly reduced by separating toilet wastes and part of the kitchen wastes. The phosphate content of detergents influences the phosphorus load significantly. Kitchen wastes can be diverted to the solid waste system or the compostable fraction of solid wastes can be incorporated into the wastewater by use of garbage grinders. The change in pollutant load can be achieved separately or in combination with water savings. It is thus possible to reduce or increase the overall concentration of pollutants, and to design wastewater with a given COD/TN or COD/TP ratio, which is of significant influence on biological nutrient removal processes.

Extracellular polymeric substances in relation to nutrient removal from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Choi ◽  
Z. Yun ◽  
Y. Park ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
H. Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Experimental investigations were performed to determine the possibility of simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal during various biofilm processes in conjunction with biofilm characterisation, especially extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Since biological nitrogen removal requires an alternating exposure of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic conditions in the bulk liquid that surrounds the biofilm growth media, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)-type operation was used. Various materials including expanded clay, polystyrene, polyurethane, and acrylic materials were used as the biofilm growth support medium. Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was possible with SBR, but it was postulated that nutrient removal efficiencies varied with film thickness. Thinner biofilm promoted nitrification and phosphorus removal, but thicker biofilm enhanced denitrification and reduced phosphorus removal. EPS contents were similar regardless of support media types or biofilm configuration, but EPS contents gradually increased as the film growth continued after backwashing. EPS contents were increased with increased nitrogen removal, but it was difficult to define its relation with phosphorus removal. In addition, suspended solids removal was correlated well with the EPS content in the biofilms.

Optimise what you have first! Low cost upgrading of plants for improved nutrient removal

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
David Solley ◽  
Keith Barr
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge

Brisbane Water has undertaken an investigation into low cost options to imprrove the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus for two of its wastewater treatment plants. Luggage Point Stage 2 (300,000 e.p.) is a conventional activated sludge plant designed for nitrification. Gibson Island (150,000 e.p.) is an extended aeration activated sludge plant designed for nitrogen removal to less than 10 mgTN/l. Extensive modelling and plant simulation were carried out to evaluate the potential of various modified operational modes before the most promising modes were trialed on the full scale plants. Operational trials are proceeding well and improved nitrogen removal to less than 3 mgTN/l for Gibson Island and to less than 10 mgTN/l for Luggage Point have been achieved. Improved phosphorus removal has also been achieved for periods at both plants (less than 4 mgTP/L for Luggage Point and less than 2.5 mgTP/l at Gibson Island). However, phosphorus removal has not been consistent and trials are ongoing to determine the sustainable level of phosphorus removal for these plants. The conclusion of the trials to date is that operational strategies can be implemented for these plants to effect the removal of substantial quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus for a minimum of capital cost. This paper presents the results of the various operational strategies that have been trialed and implemented for both plants. When considering the upgrading of a plant for improved nutrient removal, the principle of “Optimise What You Have First” can sometimes produce surprisingly high nutrient removal levels for a very modest capital expenditure.

scholarly journals The ManureEcoMine pilot installation: advanced integration of technologies for the management of organics and nutrients in livestock waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1281-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pintucci ◽  
Marta Carballa ◽  
Sam Varga ◽  
Jimena Sarli ◽  
Lai Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Manure represents an exquisite mining opportunity for nutrient recovery (nitrogen and phosphorus), and for their reuse as renewable fertilisers. The ManureEcoMine proposes an integrated approach of technologies, operated in a pilot-scale installation treating swine manure (83.7%) and Ecofrit® (16.3%), a mix of vegetable residues. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion was performed for 150 days, the final organic loading rate was 4.6 kgCOD m−3 d−1, with a biogas production rate of 1.4 Nm3 m−3 d−1. The digester was coupled to an ammonia side-stream stripping column and a scrubbing unit for free ammonia inhibition reduction in the digester, and nitrogen recovery as ammonium sulphate. The stripped digestate was recirculated daily in the digester for 15 days (68% of the digester volume), increasing the gas production rate by 27%. Following a decanter centrifuge, the digestate liquid fraction was treated with an ultrafiltration membrane. The filtrate was fed into a struvite reactor, with a phosphorus recovery efficiency of 83% (as orthophosphate). Acidification of digestate could increment the soluble orthophosphate concentration up to four times, enhancing phosphorus enrichment in the liquid fraction and its recovery via struvite. A synergistic combination of manure processing steps was demonstrated to be technologically feasible to upgrade livestock waste into refined, concentrated fertilisers.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion and Codigestion of Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae Biomass with Wastewater Sludge and Dairy Manure for Biogas Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad H. Ammar ◽  
Sadiq Riyadh Khodhair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Codigestion

Abstract   Anaerobic digestion process of organic materials is biochemical decomposition process done by two types of digestion bacteria in the absence of oxygen resulting in the biogas production, which is produced as a waste product of digestion. The first type of bacteria is known as acidogenic which converts organic waste to fatty acids. The second type of bacteria is called methane creators or methanogenic which transforms the fatty acids to biogas (CH4 and CO2). The considerable amounts of biodegradable constitutes such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins present in the microalgae biomass make it a suitable substrate for the anaerobic digestion or even co-digested with other organic wastes. The present work investigated methane biogas production by anaerobic codigestion of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris biomass with organic waste from several sources such as wastewater sludge and dairy manure waste in different proportions as an additional carbon supply to enhance anaerobic digestion and therefore biogas production. Six bottles, employed as batch biodigesters each of 1 liter capacity, were used for that purpose at moderate conditions (35±2 oC). The produced biogas volume was monitored daily along 35 days and the results showed that the daily and cumulative biogas production was increased 4.5 times and 3 times for the bottles with 66.67% microalgae compared with the bottles with wastewater sludge or dairy manure waste only, respectively.  Keywords: Anaerobic codigestion, biogas; dairy manure, microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris, wastewater sludge.

Effects of Ferric Salts on Sludge Anaerobic Digestion and Desulphurization

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 887-892
Author(s):  
Run Zhuan ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Guang Ming Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potassium Ferrate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Remarkable Effect

The treatment and disposal of excess sludge is a great challenge. Anaerobic digestion can achieve sludge reduction and harmless. However, its application is largely limited due to the low biogas production, low organic matters removal rate, odor gas production, corrosive gas destroying equipment. Sulfur is a key element resulting in these problems. In this research, potassium ferrate and ferric chloride were added to enhance anaerobic digestion. The research investigated the effects on biogas production, H2S content, microbial diversity with the addition of potassium ferrate and ferric chloride. We found that with 2.5 mg/g TS potassium ferrate, the enhancement was the highest, the total biogas production improved 18% compared with control group and organic removal rate reached 30.66%. Considering the effect of sulfur removal, 5 mg/g TS potassium ferrate resulted in the best effect, the content of H2S gas decreased 139.4%. With 2.5 mg/g TS ferric chloride, total biogas production improved 8% comparing with the control group, the content of H2S gas decreased 46%, no remarkable effect was found on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in slurry.

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