Adapting UASB technology for sewage treatment in Palestine and Jordan

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Mahmoud ◽  
Grietje Zeeman ◽  
JulesB. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Sludge Stabilization

High rate anaerobic technologies offer cost-effective solutions for “sewage” treatment in the temperate climate of Palestine and Jordan. However, local sewage characteristics demand amendments to the conventional UASB reactor design. A solution is found in a parallel operating digester unit that stabilises incoming solids and enriches the UASB sludge bed with methanogenic activity. The digester operational conditions were assessed by operating eight CSTRs fed with primary sludge. The results showed a high degree of sludge stabilization in the parallel digesters at SRTs≥10 and 15 days at process temperatures of 35 and 25°C, respectively. The technical feasibility of the UASB-digester combination was demonstrated by continuous flow pilot-scale experiments. A pilot UASB reactor was operated for 81 days at 6 hours HRT and 15°C and was fed with raw domestic sewage. This period was subsequently followed by an 83 day operation period incorporating a parallel digester unit, which was operated at 35°C. The UASB-digester combination achieved removal efficiencies of total, suspended, colloidal and dissolved CODs of respectively 66, 87, 44 and 30%. Preliminary model calculations indicated that a total reactor volume of the UASB-digester system corresponding to 8.6 hours HRT might suffice for sewage treatment in Palestine.

scholarly journals Studies on biodegradation of organic waste in uasb reactor

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-525
Author(s):  
C. B. Majumder ◽  
Anil Kr. Mathur ◽  
Vedprakash Kapse
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

The industrialization in the developing countries causes severe problems in collection,treatment and disposal of organic effluents. The situation leads to public health andenvironmental problem. Therefore, various high rate anaerobic treatments has beenemerged as a variable alternative for the treatment of many industrial and domesticwastewater containing organic wastes. In this study high rate Upflow Anaerobic SludgeBlanket (UASB) reactor has been critically analyzed, discussed and designed as thesolution of above problem. According to that a UASB reactor has been fabricated forlaboratory study. The UASB system appeared to be economically cost effective ascompared to other systems. This paper also focuses on the principle of startup,operational performance, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, methaneproduction rate, and specific methanogenic activity in the UASB reactor. In the presentstudy, reactor was started initially with mixture of molasses and glucose (50% each)solution with organic loading rate (OLR) 0.933 g COD/L day. Thereafter, OLR is beingincreased in steps. After 15 days of startup of reactor, molasses solution was applied. Thetemperature (35e° C), pH (6.8±0.4), and nutrients requirement were maintained. In thisstudy COD: N: P ratio were maintained at 300: IO: l by adding urea for nitrogen andpotassium di-hydrogen phosphate for phosphorus. For a change of OLR up to 13.33gCOD/L day, all above-mentioned parameter were studied. The removal efficiency andgas production rate depend on activity of granules. A typical organic degrading granule iscomposed of micro-colonies of Methanothrix and several syntropic micro -colonies.

Removal efficiency and methanogenic activity profiles in a pilot-scale UASB reactor treating settled sewage at moderate temperatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Seghezzo ◽  
R.G. Guerra ◽  
S.M. González ◽  
A.P. Trupiano ◽  
M.E. Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity

The performance of a sewage treatment system consisting of a settler followed by an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor is described. Mean ambient and sewage temperature were 16.5 and 21.6°C, respectively. Total Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODt) concentration averaged 224.2 and 152.6 mg/L, for raw and settled sewage, respectively. The effluent concentration was 68.5 mgCODt/L. Total and suspended COD removal efficiencies of approximately 70 and 80%, respectively, have been observed in the system at a mean Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 2 + 5 h. Maximum COD removal efficiency was achieved in the UASB reactor when upflow velocity (Vup) was 0.43 m/h (HRT = 6 h). Mean Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) concentration in the granular sludge bed were 0.11 gCOD-CH4/gVSS.d and 30.0 gVSS/Lsludge, respectively. SMA was inversely related to VSS concentration, and both parameters varied along the sludge bed height. The Solids Retention Time (SRT) in the reactor was 450 days. Sludge characteristics have not been affected by changes of up to one month in Vup in the range 0.28–0.85 m/h (HRT 3–9 h). This system or two UASB reactors in series could be an alternative for sewage treatment under moderate temperature conditions.

The effect of operational conditions on the sludge specific methanogenic activity and sludge biodegradability

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Leitão ◽  
S. T. Santaellla ◽  
A. C. van Haandel ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity

The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and influent COD concentration (CODInf) on Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) and the biodegradability of an anaerobic sludge need to be elucidated because of the discordant results available in literature. This information is important for the operation of anaerobic reactors and design of the sludge post-treatment unit. For this study, sludge samples obtained from eight pilot-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors were tested. The reactors were fed with municipal wastewater and operated with different sets of HRT and influent concentrations until the steady state was established. The results show that at a lower HRT, sludge with relatively higher SMA develops. A slight trend of declining SMA at increasing CODInf was found for reactors operated at longer HRTs; however, further experiments are necessary for more definitive conclusions. The sludge from reactors operated at longer HRTs and with lower CODInf resulted in lower biodegradability. Results also showed that it is ineffective to design a UASB reactor with a longer HRT to cope with organic shock loads.

Evaluation of sludge properties in a pilot-scale UASB reactor for sewage treatment in a temperate region

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1959-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Syutsubo ◽  
W. Yoochatchaval ◽  
I. Tsushima ◽  
N. Araki ◽  
K. Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

In this study, continuous operation of a pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for sewage treatment was conducted for 630 days to investigate the physical and microbial characteristics of the retained sludge. The UASB reactor with a working volume of 20.2 m3 was operated at ambient temperature (16–29 °C) and seeded with digested sludge. After 180 days of operation, when the sewage temperature had dropped to 20 °C or lower, the removal efficiency of both total suspended solids (TSS) and total biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) deteriorated due to washout of retained sludge. At low temperature, the cellulose concentration of the UASB sludge increased owing to the rate limitation of the hydrolytic reaction of suspended solids in the sewage. However, after an improvement in sludge retention (settleability and concentration) in the UASB reactor, the process performance stabilized and gave sufficient results (68% of TSS removal, 75% of total BOD removal) at an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9.7 h. The methanogenic activity of the retained sludge significantly increased after day 246 due to the accumulation of Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium following the improvement in sludge retention in the UASB reactor. Acid-forming bacteria from phylum Bacteroidetes were detected at high frequency; thus, these bacteria may have an important role in suspended solids degradation.

On-site treatment of high-strength alcohol distillery wastewater by a pilot-scale thermophilic multi-staged UASB (MS-UASB) reactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
M. Yamauchi ◽  
T. Suzuki ◽  
A. Ohashi ◽  
H. Harada
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Distillery Wastewater

A pilot-scale multi-staged UASB (MS-UASB) reactor with a working volume of 2.5 m3 was operated for thermophilic (55°C) treatment of an alcohol distillery wastewater for a period of over 600 days. The reactor steadily achieved a super-high rate COD removal, that is, 60 kgCOD m−3 d−1 with over 80% COD removal. However, when higher organic loading rates were further imposed upon the reactor, that is, above 90 kgCOD m−3 d−1 for barely-based alcohol distillery wastewater (ADWW) and above 100 kgCOD m−3 d−1 for sweet potato-based ADWW, the reactor performance somewhat deteriorated to 60 and 70% COD removal, respectively. Methanogenic activity (MA) of the retained sludge in the thermophilic MS-UASB reactor was assessed along the time course of continuous run by serum-vial test using different substrates as a vial sole substrate. With the elapsed time of continuous run, hydrogen-utilizing MA, acetate-utilizing MA and propionate-fed MA increased at maximum of 13.2, 1.95 and 0.263 kgCOD kgVSS−1 d−1, respectively, indicating that propionate-fed MA attained only 1/50 of hydrogen-utilizing MA and 1/7 of acetate-utilizing MA. Since the ADWW applied herewith is a typical seasonal campaign wastewater, the influence of shut-down upon the decline in sludge MA was also investigated. Hydrogen-utilizing MA and acetate-utilizing MA decreased slightly by 3/4, during a month of non-feeding period, whereas propionate-fed MA were decreased significantly by 1/5. Relatively low values of propionate-fed MA and its vulnerability to adverse conditions suggests that the propionate degradation step is the most critical bottleneck of overall anaerobic degradation of organic matters under thermophilic condition.

Post-Treatment of Effluents from Anaerobic Reactor Treating Domestic Sewage by Dissolved-Air Flotation

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Penetra ◽  
M. A. P. Reali ◽  
E. Foresti ◽  
J. R. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

This paper presents the results of a study performed with a lab-scale dissolved-air flotation (LSDAF) unit fed with previously coagulated effluent from a pilot scale up-flow anerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage. Physical operational conditions for coagulation (rapid mix) and flocculation/flotation were maintained constant. Chemical (FeCl3) dosages ranged from 30 to 110 mg.l−1. The effect of pH was also verified in the range of 5.1 to 7.6 for each dosage. Best results were achieved for 65 mg.l−1 of FeCl3 and pH values between 5.3 and 6.1. For these conditions, the removal efficiencies obtained in the LSDAF unit were: between 87% and 91% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), between 95% and 96% for total phosphate (TP), 94% for total suspended solids (TSS), between 96% and 97% for turbidity (TU), between 90% and 93% for apparent color (AC) and more than 96% for sulfide (S). For the UASB-DAF system, global efficiencies would be around 98% for COD, 98% for TP, 98.4% for TSS, 99.3% for TU and 98% for AC. The stripped gases treatment is desirable.

Feasibility of a pilot-scale UASB/trickling filter system for domestic sewage treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A.L. Chernicharo ◽  
M.C.P. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Bod Removal

This paper presents the results of pilot system comprised of one UASB reactor followed by one trickling filter (TF). The UASB reactor had a volume of 416 litres, being operated at an average hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 hours. The trickling filter had a useful volume of 60 litres, being operated at hydraulic and organic loading rates varying from 3.4 to 30.6 m3/m2.d and 0.3 to 3.9 kgBOD/m3.d, respectively. These different operational conditions characterised eight research phases. Both reactors were fed with domestic sewage pumped directly from the main interceptor of Belo Horizonte City, Brazil. After almost 16 months of continuous monitoring, the UASB/TF system produced very good results in terms of COD and BOD removal, and also very low solids concentration in the final effluent. The average results of COD and BOD removal varied from 74 to 88% and from 80 to 94%, respectively, sufficient to maintain the COD concentration in the final effluent in the range of 60 to 120 mg/L and the BOD values systematically below 60 mg/L. The overall averages of SS in the final effluent were kept below 30 mg/L. The UASB/TF system is a very promising alternative for the treatment of domestic sewage in Brazil and other developing countries, since the system can be designed with very short hydraulic retention times, resulting in a very compact and low cost treatment unit. Besides, the energy consumption and the labour costs are minimal.

scholarly journals Behavior of UV Filters, UV Blockers and Pharmaceuticals in High Rate Algal Ponds Treating Urban Wastewater

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2658
Author(s):  
Lucas Vassalle ◽  
Adrià Sunyer-Caldú ◽  
M. Silvia Díaz-Cruz ◽  
Larissa Terumi Arashiro ◽  
Ivet Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
No Elimination ◽  
Influent Wastewater

The present study evaluated the efficiency of a high rate algal pond (HRAP) at pilot scale to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater, including UV-filters and parabens (10), benzotriazoles (4), antibiotics (15), anti-inflammatories (3) and other pharmaceuticals (3). A total of 35 compounds were targeted, of which 21 were detected in the influent wastewater to the HRAP. Removals (RE%) for pharmaceuticals were variable, with efficient eliminations for atenolol (84%) and sulfathiazole (100%), whereas the anti-inflammatories naproxen and ketoprofen were only partially removed <50%. Benzotriazoles showed elimination rates similar to those of conventional WWTPs, with RE% ranging from no elimination to 51% for the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP3) and 100% for 4-methylbenzilidenecamphor (4MBC). Hazard quotients (HQs) were estimated for those compounds not fully eliminated in the HRAP, as well as the cumulative ecotoxicity in the resulting effluent. The majority of the compounds yielded HQs < 0.1, meaning that no environmental risk would be derived from their discharge. Overall, these results clearly indicate that HRAPs are a reliable, green and cost-effective alternative to intensive wastewater treatment, yielding promising results removing these contaminants.

A Pilot-Scale Evaluation of the ‘Biocarbone Process' for the Treatment of Settled Sewage and for Tertiary Nitrification of Secondary Effluent

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Dillon ◽  
V. K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
N Removal ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The BIOCARBONE process is a recently developed method for wastewater treatment. High concentrations of active biomass attach to an expanded shale medium in an aerated, packed-bed filter. High-rate biological treatment and in-situ removal of suspended solids are claimed as advantages of the process. The pilot-scale evaluation aimed to assess the performance of the process and its economic feasibility for use in the UK. Carbonaceous oxidation of settled sewage and tertiary nitrification of secondary effluent were investigated in two pilot-scale reactors. Carbonaceous oxidation produced a good-quality effluent at volumetric loading rates up to 4.1 kg BOD5/m3.d (9.2 kg COD/m3,d). Automatic backwashing of the filter was required and problems were encountered with blockages of the process aeration grid. Tertiary nitrification achieved greater than 90% ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) removal at volumetric loading rates up to 0.58 kg NH3-N/m3.d (0.63 kg KJN/m3.d). The economic evaluation indicated that costs of sewage treatment using the BIOCARBONE process would be comparable to those of the activated sludge process for sewage treatment works greater than 50,000 population equivalent. The results show that the BIOCARBONE process is suitable for both the carbonaceous oxidation of settled sewage and the tertiary nitrification of secondary effluent. The process may be an economic option for large sewage treatment works in the UK.

Sewage treatment by anaerobic biological process associated with dissolved air flotation

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. P. Reali ◽  
J. R. Campos ◽  
R. G. Penetra
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

This paper presents the results of a study performed with a lab-scale batch DAF unit fed with previously coagulated (with FeCl3 or cationic polymer) effluent from a pilot scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage. The adequate coagulation/flocculation conditions – chemical dosage, time (Tf) and mean velocity gradient (Gf) in the flocculation step – and air requirements for flotation process were investigated. Best results were achieved for 65 mg.l−1 of FeCl3 at Tf around 15 min and Gf of 80 s−1. In the assays where only polymer was applied, 7 mg.l−1 of cationic polymer dosage gave optimum removals with Tf around 15 min and Gf of 30 s−1. Air requirements ranged from 9.5 to 19.0 g of air.m−1 wastewater. Best TSS (95% and residual of 2 mg.l−1), COD (85% and residual of 20 mg.l−1) and total phosphate (95% and residual of 0.6 mg.l−1) removals were obtained when applying FeCl3, although the use of cationic polymer also produced good level of TSS (74% and residual of14 mg.l−1) and COD (75% and residual of 45 mg.l−1) removals. For the UASB-DAF (batch) system and FeCl3, global efficiencies would be 97.2% for COD, 97.9% for phosphate and 98.9% for TSS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document