Particle behaviour consideration to maximize the settling capacity of rainwater storage tanks

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Han ◽  
J.S. Mun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Rainwater Runoff

Design of a rainwater storage tank is mostly based on the mass balance of rainwater with respect to the tank, considering aspects such as rainfall runoff, water usage and overflow. So far, however, little information is available on the quality aspects of the stored rainwater, such as the behavior of particles, the effect of retention time of the water in the tank and possible influences of system configuration on water quality in the storage tank. In this study, we showed that the performance of rainwater storage tanks could be maximized by recognizing the importance of water quality improvement by sedimentation and the importance of the system configuration within the tank, as well as the efficient collection of runoff. The efficiency of removal of the particles was increased by there being a considerable distance between the inlet and the outlet in the rainwater storage tank. Furthermore, it is recommended that the effective water depth in a rainwater tank be designed to be more than 3 m and that the rainwater be drawn from as close to the water surface as possible by using a floating suction device. An operation method that increases the retention time by stopping rainwater supply when the turbidity of rainwater runoff is high will ensure low turbidity in the rainwater collected from the tank.

scholarly journals The effect of household storage tanks/vessels and user practices on the quality of water: a systematic review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Manga ◽  
Timothy G. Ngobi ◽  
Lawrence Okeny ◽  
Pamela Acheng ◽  
Hidaya Namakula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Vessel Material

Abstract Background Household water storage remains a necessity in many communities worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Water storage often using tanks/vessels is envisaged to be a source of water contamination, along with related user practices. Several studies have investigated this phenomenon, albeit in isolation. This study aimed at developing a systematic review, focusing on the impacts of water storage tank/vessel features and user practices on water quality. Methods Database searches for relevant peer-reviewed papers and grey literature were done. A systematic criterion was set for the selection of publications and after scrutinizing 1106 records, 24 were selected. These were further subjected to a quality appraisal, and data was extracted from them to complete the review. Results and discussion Microbiological and physicochemical parameters were the basis for measuring water quality in storage tanks or vessels. Water storage tank/vessel material and retention time had the highest effect on stored water quality along with age, colour, design, and location. Water storage tank/vessel cleaning and hygiene practices like tank/vessel covering were the user practices most investigated by researchers in the literature reviewed and they were seen to have an impact on stored water quality. Conclusions There is evidence in the literature that storage tanks/vessels, and user practices affect water quality. Little is known about the optimal tank/vessel cleaning frequency to ensure safe drinking water quality. More research is required to conclusively determine the best matrix of tank/vessel features and user practices to ensure good water quality.

scholarly journals Impacts of Soil Phosphorus Drawdown on Snowmelt and Rainfall Runoff Water Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jane A. Elliott ◽  
Henry F. Wilson ◽  
Helen M. Baulch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Water

Water quality aspects related to domestic drinking water storage tanks and consideration in current standards and guidelines throughout the world – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-463
Author(s):  
Irene Slavik ◽  
Keila Roberta Oliveira ◽  
Peter Batista Cheung ◽  
Wolfgang Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In many parts of the world, drinking water storage takes place in near-house or in-house tanks. This can impact drinking water quality considerably. International and numerous national standards and guidelines addressing the construction, installation and operation of domestic drinking water storage tanks are reviewed on their consideration of water quality aspects and the minimisation of health risks associated with drinking water storage. Several national and international standards and guidelines are reviewed in terms of drinking water quality requirements. Factors that have an impact on water quality in relation to the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks are summarised comprehensively. The impact of the domestic storage of drinking water on water quality, the points and locations of use, their positioning, the materials they are made of, their design and operation, as well as aspects of how they are operated and maintained is outlined and discussed in detail. Finally, the incorporation of aspects regarding water quality in drinking water storage tanks in standards and guidelines is presented and assessed. To make the use of domestic drinking water storage tanks safer and more efficient, recommendations for modifications, improvements and extensions of respective standards are made.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of large household water storage tanks for protecting the quality of drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
James VanDerslice
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Total Coliforms

Many communities along the US-México border remain without infrastructure for water and sewage. Residents in these communities often collect and store their water in open 55-gallon drums. This study evaluated changes in drinking water quality resulting from an intervention that provided large closed water storage tanks (2,500-gallons) to individual homes lacking a piped water supply. After the intervention, many of the households did not change the source of their drinking water to the large storage tanks. Therefore, water quality results were first compared based on the source of the household's drinking water: store or vending machine, large tank, or collected from a public supply and transported by the household. Of the households that used the large storage tank as their drinking water supply, drinking water quality was generally of poorer quality. Fifty-four percent of samples collected prior to intervention had detectable levels of total coliforms, while 82% of samples were positive nine months after the intervention (p < 0.05). Exploratory analyses were also carried out to measure water quality at different points between collection by water delivery trucks and delivery to the household's large storage tank. Thirty percent of the samples taken immediately after water was delivered to the home had high total coliforms (>10 CFU/100 ml). Mean free chlorine levels dropped from 0.43 mg/l, where the trucks filled their tanks, to 0.20 mg/l inside the household's tank immediately after delivery. Results of this study have implications for interventions that focus on safe water treatment and storage in the home, and for guidelines regarding the level of free chlorine required in water delivered by water delivery trucks.

Research on the characteristics of the water quality of rainwater runoff from green roofs

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kena Gong ◽  
Qing Wu ◽  
Sen Peng ◽  
Xinhua Zhao ◽  
Xiaochen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Storm Water Runoff ◽  
Quality Retention ◽  
Rainwater Runoff

This paper investigates the water quality characteristics of rainwater runoff from dual-substrate-layer green roofs in Tianjin, China. The data were collected from four different assemblies and three types of simulated rains. The storm-water runoff quality was monitored from early June through late October 2012 and from July through late November 2013. The results revealed that the runoff water quality would be improved to some extent with the ageing of green roofs and that the quality retention rate better reflected the pollutant retention capacity of the green roof than the pollutant concentration in the runoff water. The investigation clearly demonstrated that green roofs also effectively reduced the chemical oxygen demand and turbidity value and neutralised acid rain to stabilise the pH of the runoff.

Optimal rainwater tank design for control of particulate contaminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusik Won ◽  
Mooyoung Han ◽  
Hyunju Park ◽  
Mikyeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

Abstract Rainwater systems, which collect rainfall from the roof surface, are an attractive alternative technology, and one of the cleanest water resources. Microorganisms can be treated by disinfection processes or by inducing a biofilm, but particulate matter can only be easily removed with effective storage tank design parameters. In this study, therefore, the effects of rainwater tank design parameters on the treatment of particulate contaminants are analyzed. The J-type inlet pipe seems to maintain stable rainwater quality by suppressing the resuspension of bottom sediments during rainfall inflow. The intermediate wall can prevent sediment from spreading to the whole storage tank, and provide functions such as securing the stable water quality of the outflow area and managing sediment flow to the inflow region. The baffles can simplify tank management such as sediment drainage and tank cleaning by leading to more sedimentation of particles in the unit area. Based on the water quality monitoring results of pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity at the field scale, it is possible to supply a certain quality of water by optimizing tank design parameters alone even if particulate contaminants flow into the rainwater tank.

scholarly journals An optimal design strategy of decentralized storage tank locations for multi-objective control of initial rainwater quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2069-2081
Author(s):  
Huifeng Li ◽  
Lijun Lu ◽  
Xiangfeng Huang ◽  
Haidong Shangguan ◽  
Zhongqing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Index Method ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rainwater Quality

Abstract In recent years, frequent non-point source pollution has raised serious challenges for urban water environmental management. The efficiency and cost of water quality storage tanks, which can prevent and control urban pollution effectively, are significantly affected by their locations. However, few studies have determined the location of decentralized storage tanks with consideration of the characteristics of initial rainwater quality, which has led to unsatisfactory or extravagant design. Therefore, a new design strategy is proposed to optimize the locations of water quality storage tanks using the InfoWorks ICM model in this study. It includes two basic steps. Firstly, the pollution severity of each node in the corresponding subcatchment is evaluated and ranked through the matter element analysis method and analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, all the nodes are precisely sorted by their excessive multiples using the single factor index method. Its application in the design of the decentralized storage tank locations in Fuzhou, China, proved that the proposed strategy can reduce the total volume of decentralized storage tanks to 0.38 times that of a terminal tank. The strategy presented in this study may also be useful in other research on storage tank design in urban pollution prevention and control systems.

High Resolution Measurements of Pollution Wash-Off from an Asphalt Surface

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Spångberg ◽  
J. Niemczynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Fine Time

The paper describes a measurement project aiming at delivering water quality data with the very fine time resolution necessary to discover deterministic elements of the complex process of pollution wash-off from an urban surface. Measurements of rainfall, runoff, turbidity, pH, conductivity and temperature with 10 sec time resolution were performed on a simple urban catchment, i.e. a single impermeable 270 m2 surface drained by one inlet. The paper presents data collection and some preliminary results.

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