The Constructed Wetland Association UK database of constructed wetland systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Design Construction

There are now more than 1,000 constructed wetland systems (CWs) in the UK. The first UK CW database was constructed by Water Research Centre (WRc) and Severn Trent Water Ltd to accompany a book on the design and performance of these systems. In that database, constructed by Gareth Job et al. (1996), only 154 beds were listed, most of which were tertiary sewage treatment sites in Severn Trent Water. The Constructed Wetland Association (CWA) was formed in 2000 as a UK water industry body in response to problems caused by unscrupulous constructors. A group of experienced, reputable designers and constructors formed the CWA to bring together best UK practice in order to counteract this problem. The group contains major water companies, designers, constructors, academics, plant growers and operators. They decided that one of the best ways of countering the problem was to assemble a database of design and performance from well-designed systems. After negotiation the CWA group took over responsibility for the database from WRc. The CWA has produced eight updates of the database which now contains information from more than 900 beds. It contains examples of the different variants of CWs in use in the UK. Most of these sites treat sewage/domestic wastewater but the database also includes examples of systems for the treatment of minewater, sludge, landfill leachate, industrial effluents, surface runoff and road runoff. Particular treatment applications are illustrated by case studies which are summary articles describing design, construction and performance.

scholarly journals Constructed wetland systems in the UK - the CWA database resource

2007 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Peter Randerson ◽  
Paul Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
New Members ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Pollutant Reduction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Design Construction

There are now believed to be more than 1,200 Constructed Wetland systems (CWs) in theUK. The Constructed Wetland Association (CWA) was formed in 1999 by a group ofexperienced, reputable designers and constructors to bring together best UK practice. CWA isnow responsible for a database of design and performance relating to a range of systems (bedtypes and applications), which now contains information from more than 1,000 beds. CWAmembers are encouraged to contribute data to the database, which has been updated 9 timessince it was first created in 1999. Most of these sites treat sewage/domestic wastewater but thedatabase also includes examples of systems for the treatment of minewater, sludge, landfillleachate, industrial effluents, surface runoff and road runoff. Particular treatment applicationsare illustrated by Case Studies, summary articles describing design, construction andperformance, For beds with data on influent and effluent concentrations and flow rates, theuser can fit four alternative models, to derive reaction rate constants (K), enabling somedegree of quantitative comparison of the pollutant reduction performance for different systemdesigns. Access to the database is the main benefit of CWA membership: new members fromoutside UK are welcome (www.constructedwetland.org).

Constructed wetlands in UK urban surface drainage systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Shutes ◽  
J.B. Ellis ◽  
D.M. Revitt ◽  
L.N.L. Scholes
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk

This paper presents the outcome of an inventory of planted wetland systems in the UK which are classified according to land use type and are all examples of sustainable drainage systems. The introduction of constructed wetlands to treat surface runoff essentially followed a 1997 Environment Agency for England and Wales report advocating the use of “soft engineered” facilities including wetlands in the context of sustainable development and Agenda 21. Subsequently published reports by the UK Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) have promoted the potential benefits to both developer and the community of adopting constructed wetlands and other vegetated systems as a sustainable drainage approach. In addition, the UK Environment Agency and Highways Agency (HA) have recently published their own design criteria and requirements for vegetative control and treatment of road runoff. A case study of the design and performance of a constructed wetland system for the treatment of road runoff is discussed. The performance of these systems will be assessed in terms of their design criteria, runoff loadings as well as vegetation and structure maintenance procedures. The differing design approaches in guidance documents published in the UK by the Environment Agency, CIRIA and HA will also be evaluated.

Batch Operated Activated Sludge Plant for Production of High Effluent Quality at Small Works

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

In the UK there are about 7500 sewage treatment works of which 85% serve populations of less than 5000. Many of the smaller works do not comply with effluent quality standards and options for improving treatment are being pursued by many water companies. WRc have developed designs for packaged activated sludge systems to serve populations in the range 100 - 1000 persons. A detailed design has been completed for a population equivalent of about 600. Target effluent quality is 15:20:5 mg/l of BOD, SS and ammonia nitrogen respectively on a 95 percentile basis. The activated sludge system is designed to operate as a batch process with aeration and sludge settlement both occurring in the same tank. Batch operated activated sludge plants are known to produce sludges with good settling properties providing the influent wastewater is admitted into the aeration tank in controlled manner. Therefore a specially designed holding tank has been included as the first stage in the treatment sequence. All process tanks are specified as glass-coated steel installed on a flat concrete base. Target construction cost for 600 population is ₤350 per capita.

Using measured microcomponent data to model the impact of water conservation strategies on the diurnal consumption profile

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kowalski ◽  
D. Marshallsay
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

A recent collaborative research project by the Water Research Centre (WRc), involving 13 water companies and the UK Environment Agency, has yielded further information on the microcomponents of water use in domestic properties in the UK. Investigating the uncertainty and diurnal variations of the data has allowed the investigation of demand reduction strategies at household and supply area levels. The paper expands on these issues and discusses how this approach can be used to help plan and manage water supply in the future.

Setting standards for the future based on evidence from the past – a UK perspective on the success of the approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
S. Homewood ◽  
C. Snowdon
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Building Regulations ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Voluntary Standards ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Uk

The Water Research Centre has collated, over a number of years, quantitative end-use (micro-component) water consumption information for over 700 properties in England and Wales. For a sample of this size, this is the most detailed set of data in the UK, and was used to inform some of the mandatory and voluntary standards that are in place in the UK today. One such standard is in the new edition of Part G of the Building Regulations, published in 2010, which includes a water efficiency requirement for the first time. This is a whole-of-house water use standard set at a maximum of 125 litres per person per day. The voluntary Code for Sustainable Homes (the Code) also has a series of standards for water use in new homes varying from 90 to 120 litres per person per day. Both of these standards allow flexibility for people to choose what is installed in a new home (including new emerging technologies) provided they can achieve the specified water use figure. Whilst the Code is purely a design standard, the Building Regulation is a mandatory requirement and homes built to the building regulations should be inspected post-installation to confirm the devices installed have specifications in-line with the design standard. To help inform the UK Government on the success of the approach, and to aid UK water companies develop 25 year projections of demand as part of their water resources planning, research assessing the real consumption of homes designed to these water efficiency standards has been carried out. Meter readings from a sample of homes were analysed alongside property information to identify actual water use and trends amongst property cohorts. Results from our statistical analysis show that occupancy is the single most significant factor influencing per capita consumption and whether a home meets a given water efficiency design standard.

Agronomic evaluation and performance of flax varieties for industrial fibre production

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. R. E. DIMMOCK ◽  
S. J. BENNETT ◽  
D. WRIGHT ◽  
G. EDWARDS-JONES ◽  
I. M. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Fibre Flax ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk

Flax fibre for industrial purposes differs from that for linen production, although the agronomic factors that influence fibre development and which factors are most important for industrial fibre production have still to be defined. A description of variations in the performance of fibre flax varieties is also necessary as current guidance relates to the European market rather than the UK. Field trials were sown in 2002 and 2003 at the Henfaes Research Centre in north Wales, investigating 29 and 26 varieties, respectively, of European fibre flax and dual-purpose flax varieties. In 2002 a nitrogen treatment was included in the trial with two treatments, 40 kg/ha and 80 kg/ha. Varieties were evaluated for 20 agronomic and fibre production variables, and the differences between the varieties were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal components analysis (PCA). The higher nitrogen rate was found to increase crop lodging, although some varieties were found to be more susceptible than others. Environment had a strong influence on crop success, with some varieties showing more year to year stability than others. PCA allowed those varieties that were the highest yielding, highest fibre producers and showed the best stability across the 2 years to be identified. Understanding the agronomic results presented and discussed here is important if fibre flax production is to become economically viable in the UK.

The Emergence and Performance of the Bond Funded Water Company Model in the UK: The Case of Glas Cymru

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-234
Author(s):  
David Brooksbank ◽  
David Pickernell ◽  
Adrian Kay ◽  
Badrul Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Private Equity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk

The not-for-profit, fully debt-funded and large scale outsourcing of Glas Cymru (GC) is unique in the England and Wales context, representing a fascinating case in water industry structure and regulation. This paper examines the suitability, desirability and wider feasibility of the GC model, compared with other water industries within the EU in general, and private-equity funded water companies in England in particular. Whilst GC's structure seems both suitable and desirable for its specific situation, research indicates that a particular set of circumstances surrounding GC's creation including advantages of timing and political support from the Welsh Assembly Government, may make more widespread feasibility of such a structure unrealistic within current regulatory structures for the water industry.

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