Stormwater pollutant loads modelling: epistemological aspects and case studies on the influence of field data sets on calibration and verification

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Detention Tank ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Calibration And Verification

In urban drainage, stormwater quality models have been used by researchers and practitioners for more than 15 years. Most of them were initially developed for research purposes, and have been later on implemented in commercial software packages devoted to operational needs. This paper presents some epistemological problems and difficulties with practical consequences in the application of stormwater quality models, such as simplified representation of reality, scaling-up, over-parameterisation, transition from calibration to verification and prediction, etc. Two case studies (one to estimate pollutant loads at the outlet of a catchment, one to design a detention tank to reach a given pollutant interception efficiency), with simple and detailed stormwater quality models, illustrate some of the above problems. It is hard to find, if not impossible, an “optimum” or “best” unique set of parameters values. Model calibration and verification appear to dramatically depend on the data sets used for their calibration and verification. Compared to current practice, collecting more and reliable data is absolutely necessary.

Reliability of sewer flow quality models - results of a North Rhine-Westphalian comparison

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
H.-J. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Model Application ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Flow Quality ◽  
Calibration And Verification ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Flow Quantity

In North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany a project for the evaluation of sewer flow quantity and quality models was carried out with the aid of measured data in 1986 to 1991. Measurement projects in two real subcatchments in the cities of Solingen and Düsseldorf delivered the data for model calibration and verification. 10 models with different approaches for quantity and quality simulation took part in a relative and an absolute comparison. This report focuses on some selected results of the absolute comparison and discusses the reliability and accuracy of model application.

Design of a retention tank: comparison of stormwater quality models with various levels of complexity

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mourad ◽  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
G. Chebbo
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Detention Tank ◽  
Systems Modelling ◽  
Mean Concentration

Stormwater quality simulation models are useful tools for the design and management of sewer systems. Modelling results are highly sensitive to experimental data used for calibration. This sensitivity is examined for three modelling approaches of various complexities (site mean concentration approach, event mean concentration approach and build-up, washoff and transport modelling approach) applied to a typical case study (design of a dry detention tank), accounting for the variability of calibration data and their effect on simulation results. Calibrated models with different calibration data sets were used to simulate 3 years of rainfall with different retention tank specific volumes. Annual pollutant load interception efficiencies were determined. Simulations results revealed i) that there is no advantage in using the EMC model compared to the SMC model and ii) that the BWT model resulted in higher design ratios than those given by the SMC/hydraulic approach. For both EMC and BWT models, using an increasing number n of events for calibration leads to narrower confidence intervals for the design ratios. It is crucial for design ratios to account for successive storm events in chronological order and to account for the maximum allowable flow to be transferred to the downstream WWTP.

Sewer flow quality modelling

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Lennart Heip ◽  
Johan Van Assel ◽  
Patrick Swartenbroekx
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Measuring Campaign ◽  
Flow Quality ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Calibration And Verification ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Dry Weather Flow

Within the framework of an EC-funded SPRINT-project, a sewer flow quality model of a typical rural Flemish catchment was set up. The applicability of such a model is demonstrated. Furthermore a methodology for model building, data collection and model calibration and verification is proposed. To this end an intensive 9 month measuring campaign was undertaken. The hydraulic behaviour of the sewer network was continuously monitored during those 9 months. During both dry weather flow (DWF) and wet weather flow (WWF) a number of sewage samples were taken and analysed for BOD, COD, TKN, TP and TSS. This resulted in 286 WWF and 269 DWF samples. The model was calibrated and verified with these data. Finally a software independent methodology for interpretation of the model results is proposed.

scholarly journals Different algorithms, different models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyna Daria Swiatczak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Methodological Approaches

AbstractThis study assesses the extent to which the two main Configurational Comparative Methods (CCMs), i.e. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Coincidence Analysis (CNA), produce different models. It further explains how this non-identity is due to the different algorithms upon which both methods are based, namely QCA’s Quine–McCluskey algorithm and the CNA algorithm. I offer an overview of the fundamental differences between QCA and CNA and demonstrate both underlying algorithms on three data sets of ascending proximity to real-world data. Subsequent simulation studies in scenarios of varying sample sizes and degrees of noise in the data show high overall ratios of non-identity between the QCA parsimonious solution and the CNA atomic solution for varying analytical choices, i.e. different consistency and coverage threshold values and ways to derive QCA’s parsimonious solution. Clarity on the contrasts between the two methods is supposed to enable scholars to make more informed decisions on their methodological approaches, enhance their understanding of what is happening behind the results generated by the software packages, and better navigate the interpretation of results. Clarity on the non-identity between the underlying algorithms and their consequences for the results is supposed to provide a basis for a methodological discussion about which method and which variants thereof are more successful in deriving which search target.

Managing Public Services Innovation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Walker ◽  
Emma L. Jeanes ◽  
Robert O. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Housing Association ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Services Innovation ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies

<i>Managing Public Services Innovation</i> provides an in-depth exploration of innovation and its management in the housing association sector. Drawing on longitudinal case studies and data sets, it explores techniques to develop evidence-based policy in the housing association sector, and makes recommendations for best practice.

Development of Improved Stormwater Quality Models

1981 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-974
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Jewell ◽  
Donald Dean Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Quality Models

Informatics and Socio-Technical Challenges when Designing Solutions for Integrated eCare

2017 ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Sabine Koch ◽  
Maria Hägglund ◽  
Isabella Scandurra
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Care ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
System Development ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Definition Of

The central role of eHealth to enable the successful implementation of integrated care is commonly acknowledged today. This is easier said than done. To provide correct, understandable, and timely information at the point of need and to facilitate communication and decision support for a network of actors with different prerequisites and needs are some of the big challenges of integrated care. This book chapter focuses on the specific challenges related to informatics and socio-technical issues when designing solutions for integrated eCare. Methods for requirements elicitation, evaluation, and system development using user-centred design in collaborative environments involving a variety of stakeholders are presented. Case studies in homecare of older patients, in the care of stroke patients, and regarding citizen eHealth services in general illustrate the application of these methods. Possible solutions and pitfalls are discussed based on the experiences drawn from the case studies. To address the main informatics and socio-technical challenges in integrated eCare, namely informatics-supported collaborative work and to provide coordinated continuity for the patient, top-down activities such as health informatics standardisation, and bottom-up activities resulting in the definition of concrete patient journey descriptions, interaction points, information needs (that can be transformed into standardised data sets), as well as visualisation and interaction patterns need to go hand in hand.

scholarly journals Simulating future trends in urban stormwater quality for changing climate, urban land use and environmental controls

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2082-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Borris ◽  
Maria Viklander ◽  
Anna-Maria Gustafsson ◽  
Jiri Marsalek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Stormwater Quality ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Urban Stormwater Quality

The effects of climatic changes, progressing urbanization and improved environmental controls on the simulated urban stormwater quality in a northern Sweden community were studied. Future scenarios accounting for those changes were developed and their effects simulated with the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). It was observed that the simulated stormwater quality was highly sensitive to the scenarios, mimicking progressing urbanization with varying catchment imperviousness and area. Thus, land use change was identified as one of the most influential factors and in some scenarios, urban growth caused changes in runoff quantity and quality exceeding those caused by a changing climate. Adaptation measures, including the reduction of directly connected impervious surfaces (DCIS) through the integration of more green spaces into the urban landscape, or disconnection of DCIS were effective in reducing runoff volume and pollutant loads. Furthermore, pollutant source control measures, including material substitution, were effective in reducing pollutant loads and significantly improving stormwater quality.

scholarly journals Imitate: Remediating Glass as an Artistic Medium for Material Imitation

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Jessamy Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Practice Based Research ◽  
Artistic Medium ◽  
Unique Ability ◽  
Precious Stones

Glass has a unique ability to imitate other materials; cross-pollinating with other disciplines to refresh and recreate itself. The creative possibilities of creating glass that imitates other materials such as ceramic, paper, metal, wood, stone, plastic and semi-precious stones are vast. The assertion of this paper is that the use of imitation is a necessary and definitive act within creative artistic practice. Following a range of historical examples to set the context for this article, a range of contemporary glass artists that use glass as a medium for imitation will be introduced and documented through a series of artists case studies. Finally, I will present my current practice-based research into glass as a medium for imitation. I will discuss the material testing and research that has been carried out and introduce two new bodies of artworks that I have developed based on the theme of glass as an artistic medium for material imitation.

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