scholarly journals The perception of flood risk and water nuisance

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Terpstra ◽  
J.M. Gutteling ◽  
G.D. Geldof ◽  
L.J. Kappe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Psychometric Paradigm ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Different Characteristics

In this paper we applied the psychometric paradigm to validate a questionnaire that assesses the risk perception characteristics of flooding and water nuisance. The state-trait anxiety inventory was used as a bench mark to determine whether perceptions are related to anxiety characteristics. A focus group was used to further validate the questionnaire. Factor analyses of 49 questionnaires identified eight flooding factors (explained variance 74%) and three water nuisance factors (explained variance 62%). Internal consistencies of the obtained scales were moderate to high. Like in the perception of external safety risks, “dread” seems to be the most important concept binding different characteristics. Although dread towards both flooding and water nuisance is rather low, it seems more present in the latter case. Furthermore, the extent of dread for water nuisance seems related to someone's state anxiety. In both cases awareness of “increasing risks” is clearly present, and we find the characteristics “(no) dread”, “(un)controllable situation” and “does not affect me” to be related.

EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN TURKISH COLLEGE STUDENTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Karagözoğlu ◽  
William G. Masten ◽  
Mustafa Baloğlu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the constructs of depression and anxiety were examined with 443 Turkish college students. Significant correlations were found. Factor analyses computed with state and trait anxiety, as defined as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970) and depression, as defined as the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck & Steer, 1993) supported the notion that anxiety and depression may be two different psychological constructs; however the distinction was not clearcut. The results showed bidimensional structures for both state anxiety and trait anxiety. Relationships indicate that the BDI-II is measuring trait depression. Results were discussed in relation to previous studies.

State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory State Anxiety Scale--Parent Version

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Shain ◽  
Maryland Pao ◽  
Mary V. Tipton ◽  
Sima Zadeh Bedoya ◽  
Sun J. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Parent Version

On the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Anxiety among Italian Undergraduates

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nigro ◽  
I. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship

139 Italian undergraduates (61 men and 78 women) responded to the Italian version of the Christie's Mach IV scale and to the Italian version of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Positive correlations between Mach IV scores and both State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety scores were found for both sexes. The authors hypothesized that moderate anxiety may be associated with high Machiavellianism. Further implications of the findings were discussed.

Discretionary Effort and the Performance Domain

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Discretionary Effort ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Three Factor

AbstractThis study had two main aims. (1) To examine the role of discretionary effort (DE) in the multidimensional performance domain consisting of in-role behaviour (IRB) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB); and (2) to assess whether skills and autonomy are important predictors of DE and show variance in common with DE over and above IRB and OCB. A managers/supervisors sample (n = 476) and a sample with both managerial and nonmanagerial employees (n = 424) were employed. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the three factor hierarchical model was superior compared to three other models tested, indicating that DE is a separate construct to both IRB and OCB but together with these forms part of the performance domain. Regression analysis showed that both skills and autonomy are important predictors of DE; however, only autonomy explained variance in DE over and above IRB, OCB and skills. Together these results add to the construct validity of DE. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Presence, Cybersickness, Anxiety, and Heart Rate Variability in a Non-Clinical Population Using Virtual Reality Environments Designed For Specific Phobias' Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Distefano ◽  
Lucas P. Labandeira ◽  
Fernando M. Tarnogol ◽  
Belen Mesurado
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Autonomic Activation

The current study was performed to assess the phenomenon known as Presence, to measure Anxiety responses, simulator sickness and autonomic activation in subjects of the general population. The sample consisted in 37 Argentine participants (15 male, 22 female) between ages 20 and 40; who were exposed to 3 virtual environments designed to research and treat phobias. Instruments utilized for this study were the Symptom Checklist 90-R, Acrophobia Questionnaire, Fear of Spiders Questionnaire, The Claustrophobia Questionnaire, Igroup Presence Questionnaire, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. All virtual environments generated sufficient feeling of presence. Cybersickness was only registered in the Elevator scenario. The Apartment and Spiders environments have shown not to be anxiety triggers within this population. As for Elevator, a significant increase in the level of state anxiety was generated. A possible hypothesis to account for this fact might be that reported anxiety responds to movement simulated in the virtual scenario while on the other two scenarios the subjects remained static. The existence of a correlation between HRV and state anxiety has been analyzed and no significant relation has been found between the variables. Even though there is a relation between anxiety and presence, no significant relation has been found between anxiety and presence. Regarding sensory conflict, a follow up study in the Elevator environment should be done, eliminating movement and exposing subjects to the stimuli while static at different heights. Future studies should consider broadening the size of the sample and studying clinical population to compare results.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS ART THERAPY DALAM MENURUNKAN KECEMASAN PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI ANAK PENDERITA KANKER

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Christella Ruslan ◽  
Monty P. Satiadarma ◽  
Untung Subroto
Keyword(s):  
Art Therapy ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled development of cells in the body and can cause death in someone who experiences it. This condition can affect the physical and psychological health of parents, especially mothers who look after and care for their children. Seeing this, having a child with cancer can certainly cause anxiety in a mother. At the same time, a mother is certainly required to provide emotional support to her child who is sick. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing anxiety in mothers of children with cancer. Art therapy that is applied to mothers who have children with cancer can help reduce the anxiety they feel because through this therapy participants are assisted in exploring, releasing their emotions and feelings of anxiety. Through this intervention, mothers who have children with cancer can experience catharsis and express their feelings. Participants in this study consisted of two mothers who have children with cancer. The design of this study is a quasi-experimental study by testing the pretest and posttest using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) measurement tool in measuring state and trait anxiety from mothers who have children with cancer. The results of the study found that there was a decrease in the number of state anxiety by 14 in the R participant and 8 in the RS participant. Based on this, it can be concluded that art therapy intervention can reduce the state anxiety in mothers who have children with cancer. Kanker disebabkan oleh adanya perkembangan sel yang tidak terkendali dalam tubuh dan dapat menyebabkan kematian pada seseorang yang mengalaminya. Kondisi ini dapat memengaruhi kesehatan secara fisik dan psikologis dari orang tua, terutama ibu yang menjaga serta merawat anaknya. Melihat hal ini, memiliki anak penderita kanker tentu dapat menimbulkan kecemasan dalam diri seorang ibu. Pada saat yang bersamaan, seorang ibu tentu dituntut untuk memberi dukungan secara emosional kepada anaknya yang sedang sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efektivitas dari art therapy dalam menurunkan kecemasan pada ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker. Art therapy yang diterapkan pada ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker dapat membantu menurunkan kecemasan yang dirasakan karena melalui terapi ini partisipan dibantu agar bisa mengeksplorasi dan mengeluarkan emosi serta perasaan cemas yang dimiliki. Melalui intervensi art therapy ini, ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker dapat melakukan katarsis dan mengungkapkan perasaannya. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas dua orang ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker. Adapun desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimental dengan menguji pretest dan posttest yang menggunakan alat ukur State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) dalam mengukur kecemasan secara state dan trait dari ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya penurunan angka dari skor state anxiety sebesar 14 pada partisipan R dan 8 pada partisipan RS. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa intervensi art therapy dapat membantu menurunkan kecemasan secara state anxiety pada ibu yang memiliki anak penderita kanker.

scholarly journals Validation of the State Version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in a University Sample

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110319
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Thomas ◽  
Jerrell C. Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Cognitive Test Anxiety ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency

Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Model makes a theoretical distinction between the contribution of dispositional anxiety and the transitory experience of anxiety to performance difficulties during testing situations. According to the State-Trait framework, state anxiety is viewed as the primary performance barrier for test-anxious students, and as such, educators and educational researchers have expressed interest in validated, state anxiety measurement tools. Currently, the most widely used measure of state anxiety is the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. However, evidence regarding the psychometric properties of this scale is relatively scarce. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the structural validity, reliability, and concurrent/divergent validity of the instrument. Participants ( N = 294) completed the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale 2nd Edition, and an exam task. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we tested the viability of one-, two-, and bi-factor solutions for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated a two-factor solution consisting of State Anxiety and State Calmness dimensions provided superior fit to the observed data. Results of a reliability analysis indicated that the State Anxiety and State Calmness factors demonstrated excellent internal consistency when applied to university students. Our discussion concerns the utility of the State Anxiety factor as a tool for the identification of test-anxious students.

High Levels of State or Trait Anxiety and Performance on Selected Verbal WAIS Subtests

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma J. Knox ◽  
Ricardo Grippaldi
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
The State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships

Upon entering a VA domiciliary Ss were given the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and WAIS subtests, Arithmetic ( A), Similarities ( S) and Digit Span ( DS). Two analyses of variance were carried out among WAIS weighted scores on the three subtests for three groups of different state or trait anxiety levels (high, medium, and low). Analyses showed significant interactions between WAIS scaled scores and anxiety: p < .05 for state anxiety and p < .001 for trait anxiety. The high-anxiety group in each instance showed the classical expectation of a lower A and DS in comparison to S; performance on DS was highest for each medium anxiety group. The study of curvilinear relationships and interaction effects in anxiety was discussed.

Effects of Color and Trait Anxiety on State Anxiety

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Reeves ◽  
Ed M. Edmonds ◽  
Dollie L. Transou
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Color Condition ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
The Relationship

A 2 (trait anxiety) × 4 (color) factorial design was used to determine the effects of red, green, yellow, and blue on state anxiety as a function of high and low trait anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess both trait (A-Trait) and state (A-State) anxiety for the 10 students assigned to each of the eight treatment combinations. High A-Trait students were significantly more anxious while viewing blue, red, and green than were the low A-Trait students and blue produced significantly more state anxiety than did either yellow or green. These results are consistent with state-trait theory and indicate that the effects of color on state anxiety may be confounded with trait anxiety unless the levels of A-Trait are equivalent for each color condition. The role of cultural and individual differences in the relationship between color and emotion and implications for research are discussed.

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