Removal of pharmaceutically active compounds in nitrifying–denitrifying plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Suárez ◽  
M. Ramil ◽  
F. Omil ◽  
J.M. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Small Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Wide Range

The behaviour of nine pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) of different diagnostic groups is studied during a nitrifying–denitrifying process in an activated sludge system. The compounds selected cover a wide range of frequently used substances such as anti-epileptics (carbamazepine), tranquillisers (diazepam), anti-depressants (fluoxetine and citalopram), anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac) and estrogens (estradiol and ethinylestradiol). The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of acclimation of biomass on the removal rates of these compounds, either by maintaining a high sludge retention time or at long-term operation. The removal rates achieved for nitrogen and carbon in the experimental unit exceed 90% and were not affected by the addition of PhACs. Carbamazepine, diazepam and diclofenac were only removed to a small extent. On the other hand, higher removal rates have been observed for naproxen and ibuprofen (68% and 82%), respectively.

Characteristics of natural neutron radiation background performed within the BSUIN project.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Jedrzejczak ◽  
Marcin Kasztelan ◽  
Jacek Szabelski ◽  
Przemysław Tokarski ◽  
Jerzy Orzechowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The BSUIN (Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network) aims to enhance the accessibility of the underground laboratories in the Baltic Sea region for innovation, business and science. One of the BSUIN project activities is characterization of natural background radiation (NBR) in underground facilities. A specific type of NRB is neutron radiation, whose measurement requires specific instruments and long-term exposure in-situ, in heavy underground conditions.</p><p>In this talk the method of natural neutron radiation background will be presented as well as results of pilot measurements in several underground locations. In order to make this measurements, a measuring setup was designed and made. The setup design is closely matched to the task: the setup is scalable in a wide range, completely remotely controlled (via the Internet) and capable of long-term operation (months).</p><p>The pilot measurements were performed in Callio Lab, Pyhäsalmi, Finland, (4100 m w.e.), in Reiche Zeche mine in Freiberg, Germany (410 m w.e.) and in Experimental Mine “Barbara” in Mikołów, Poland (100 m w.e).</p>

scholarly journals 567 PB 006 AUXIN SENSITIVITY OF DOUGLAS-FIR STEM CUTTINGS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 513a-513
Author(s):  
William M. Proebsting
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Better Than

Douglas-fir clones have a wide range of rooting potential, but the species is generally considered difficult to root. We have reported previously that NAA is approximately 14-times more active than IBA in the clones tested, with an optimum of about 5 to 10 mM NAA. In contrast, other programs routinely use about 25 mM IBA to propagate Douglas-fir cuttings, a concentration that is relatively inactive in our clones. To address questions raised by these observations, we have incorporated auxin treatments into our long term program to select Douglas-fir clones with high rooting potential. We collect 20 cuttings of each clone identified in Christmas tree plantations, and retain clones rooting ≥ 80%. Beginning in 1991, we treated 10 cuttings of each clone with 5 mM NAA, the other 10 cuttings with 25 mM IBA. Over three years, 1158 clones received the split treatments. Of 222 clones rooting ≥ 80%) approximately half rooted ≥ 80% in response to NAA only. The remainder either responded to IBA or to both NAA and IBA. These results support our previous observations that NAA stimulates rooting of Douglas-fir better than IBA. However, they also suggest that there may be clones sensitive to IBA or to both NAA and IBA.

scholarly journals New insights of zoogeographical distribution of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) from Indian Himalayan Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bheem Dutt Joshi ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Hemant Singh ◽  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Sujeet Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Indian Himalayan Region ◽  
Evolutionary Significant Units ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation And Management

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we explored the intraspecific genetic variation and phylogeographic relationship among all the reported species in the genus Naemorhedus distributed in a wide range of habitats. The Bayesian based phylogeny demonstrated that Himalayan goral, is a highly diverged species from the other reported species of gorals. We claim the presence of two valid sub-species of Himalayan goral, i.e. N. g. bedfordi and N. g. goral, distributed in the western and central Himalaya, respectively. The comparative analysis with the inclusion of data available from different ranges, suggests the presence of plausibly six species of gorals across the distribution with a few valid subspecies. Further, we report that N. griseus is a valid species and not the synonyms of N. goral considering the observed discrepancy in the available sequences. We recommend all the sub-species present at distant locations may be considered as Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) and, therefore, appeal to provide them special attention for long term conservation and management.

Effect of Initial Bainite Microstructure on Tensile Properties After Long-Term Exposure at Elevated Temperature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Shimamura ◽  
Shusaku Ota ◽  
Tomoyuki Yokota ◽  
Ryuji Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Bainite Microstructure

In the oil sand production field in Canada, steel pipes are used for injecting steam into the sands. Pipes for steam distribution are subjected to high operating temperature such as 350 degrees C for a long time. In this study, in order to insure the reliability of high strength pipe for steam distribution, long-term heating tests were conducted for X80 grade UOE pipe. To simulate the long-term operation at 350 degrees C for 40 years, accelerated tests were conducted at 400 degrees C for up to 4400 hours. The effect of initial bainite microstructure on tensile properties after long-term heat treatment was investigated by using two kinds of steel pipes with different bainite microstructure. One is accelerated cooling (ACC) type, and the other is heating on-line process (HOP) type just after accelerated cooling in plate manufacturing process. It was revealed that strength decrease in ACC type steels produced by only accelerated cooling was mainly governed by decomposition of hard phase MA (Martensite-Austenite constituent) and recovery of dislocations. On the other hand, HOP type steels had small amount of MA and nanometer-sized carbides by applying HOP after accelerated cooling. The HOP type steels had almost the same initial strength in spite of small amount of MA. Fine niobium carbides gave enough precipitation strengthening. Formation of fine niobium carbides was promoted by the addition of niobium. The precipitates were stable after long-term heat treatment at 400 degrees C. It is confirmed that the fine niobium carbides in HOP type steels remained even after long-term heat treatment. The suppression of initial MA also lead to minimize the strength decrease by MA decomposition. Therefore, HOP type steels tend to have higher resistance to the strength decrease after long-term heat treatment.

LONG-TERM OPERATION OF DOSIMETRY FACILITY «PILLE» ONBOARD THE ISS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
V.G. Mitrikas ◽  
◽  
E.G. Khorosheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Low Radiation Doses

Malfunctioning of the reader is likely to be the reason for low radiation doses measured by the Pille dosimeters over the more than 20 years of ISS. Rectified measurements of the average daily absorbed dose rate agreed satisfactorily with readings of the other onboard tools of radiation monitoring.

Study on control of micro-pollutants by BAC filtration

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Zhang ◽  
L. Shao
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Trihalomethane Formation Potential ◽  
One Year ◽  
Micro Pollutants

The objective of this research was to evaluate removal efficiency of micro-pollutants in a BAC filter that followed ozonation for long term operation. The experimental results showed that after continuous operation for one year BAC filter still maintained a removal of 15 ∼ 20% for CODMn and 20 ∼ 30% of removal for UV254. Correlative analysis based on lots of data found that empty bed contact time (EBCT) instead of flow rate could obviously impact on removal effect of micro-pollutants in BAC filter. And the optimal relationship between EBCT and removal effect of micro-pollutants for BAC filter was logarithm. On the other hand, long term running of BAC filter proved that there was a good removal of chloroform formation potential, but the removal of brominated trihalomethane formation potential decline with further bromization, even there appeared to be formation of bromoform in BAC filter.

scholarly journals Identifying high performance and durable methylammonium-free lead halide perovskites through high throughput synthesis and characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu An ◽  
Carlo Andrea Riccardo Perini ◽  
Juanita Hidalgo ◽  
Andrés-Felipe Castro-Méndez ◽  
Vagott Jacob N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Compositional Space ◽  
Tolerance Factors

One of the organic component in the perovskite photo-absorber, the methylammonium cation, has been suggested to be a roadblock to long-term operation of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-based solar cells. Methylammonium-free perovskites thus represent a possible direction for more stable photo-absorbers that are also compatible with multijunction solar cells. However, most work on methylammonium-free perovskites involves cesium and formamidinium as the A-site cations, which are thermodynamically less stable than the methylammonium-based materials. In this work we systematically explore the crystallographic and optical properties of the compositional space of mixed cation and mixed halide lead perovskites, where formamidinium (FA+) is gradually replaced by cesium (Cs+), and iodide (I-) is substituted by bromide (Br-), i.e., CsyFA1–yPb(BrxI1–x)3. The crystal phases, which could be tuned by changing the tolerance factor for mixed perovskite alloys, are qualitatively determined and the composition–structure relationship is established in the CsyFA1–yPb(BrxI1–x)3 compositional space. We find that higher tolerance factors lead to more cubic structures, whereas lower tolerance factors lead to more orthorhombic. We also find that while some correlation exists between tolerance factor and structure, tolerance factor does not provide a holistic understanding of whether a perovskite structure will fully form. Given the wide range of bandgaps produced by this compositional space, an empirical expression is devised to predict the optical bandgap of CsyFA1–yPb(BrxI1–x)3 perovskites – which changes as a function of composition –, conducive to the design of absorbers with bandgaps tailor-made for specific tandem and single-junction applications. By screening 26 solar cells with different compositions, we find that Cs1/6FA5/6PbI3 delivers the highest efficiency and long-term stability among I-rich compositions. This work sheds light on the fundamental structure-property relationships in the CsyFA1–yPb(BrxI1–x)3 compositional space, providing vital insight to the design of durable perovskite materials. Our approach provides a library of structural and optoelectronic information of this compositional space.

scholarly journals Motility Profile of Captive-Bred Marmosets Revealed by a Long-Term In-Cage Monitoring System

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Koizumi ◽  
Naotake Nogami ◽  
Kensuke Owari ◽  
Akiyo Kawanobe ◽  
Terumi Nakatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
New World Monkeys ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Term Evaluation

A quantitative evaluation of motility is crucial for studies employing experimental animals. Here, we describe the development of an in-cage motility monitoring method for new world monkeys using off-the-shelf components, and demonstrate its capability for long-term operation (e.g., a year). Based on this novel system, we characterized the motility of the common marmoset over different time scales (seconds, hours, days, and weeks). Monitoring of seven young animals belonging to two different age groups (sub-adult and young-adult) over a 231-day period revealed: (1) strictly diurnal activity (97.3% of movement during daytime), (2) short-cycle (∼20 s) transition in activity, and (3) bimodal diurnal activity including a “siesta” break. Additionally, while the mean duration of short-cycle activity, net daily activity, and diurnal activity changed over the course of development, 24-h periodicity remained constant. Finally, the method allowed for detection of progressive motility deterioration in a transgenic marmoset. Motility measurement offers a convenient way to characterize developmental and pathological changes in animals, as well as an economical and labor-free means for long-term evaluation in a wide range of basic and translational studies.

What: A Broader Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
English Education ◽  
Western Country ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Look Back

The value of universities is not simply their contribution to human capital and economic growth, welcome though these are. Universities should enable a graduate to lead a flourishing, fulfilled life. That must mean the capacity to engage with the wide range of extraordinary intellectual and cultural achievements to which we are heirs and to which we should add for the next generation. It is the most important single responsibility of our universities and it is where the most significant reform is required. English education requires 16-year-olds to take life-changing decisions to specialize in just three subjects, and indeed allows students to drop a range of subjects at the age of 14. No other major Western country does this. It is the source of many of the other problems which we worry about. Fewer girls do STEM subjects after the age of 16 than in most other countries because in England they are presented with irreversible decisions to give them up when they are much too young. We suffer particularly acutely from C. P. Snow’s two cultures because our teenagers can join one of two apparently deeply hostile gangs—the humanities or the sciences, the Montagues and the Capulets of intellectual life—when most other countries avoid promoting such divisions. When employers complain about employability they often mean that young people have been force-fed for a narrow academic curriculum without a wider range of subjects and skills. Above all, as I look back on my education, my greatest regret—and that of many friends and contemporaries as we get older—is that we missed out on great scientific or cultural achievements of our age because of early decisions whose long-term significance we completely failed to recognize. I greatly enjoyed studying History, English, and German for my A levels but now I am shocked at the barbarism of a system which restricted my studies to those three subjects at the age of 16. This is the intellectual and cultural damage inflicted by our educational system when above all it should broaden our horizons and enlighten us. That this system is preserved on the claim it is necessary for high academic standards is even more scandalous.

scholarly journals Investigation of Gold Electrodes Surface Condition of Plasma Reactor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gnapowski ◽  
Elżbieta Kalinowska-Ozgowicz ◽  
Mariusz Sniadkowski ◽  
Aleksandra Pietraszek
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Solid Gold ◽  
High Energy Electrons

During the long-term operation of the plasma reactor, decreases in the plasma concentration were noticed despite the constant maintenance of all parameters. One of the factors is the decrease of the nitrogen content on the surface of the electrode, in order to eliminate it, the supply voltage has been increased to 11 kV. The next decisive factor in the decrease of plasma concentration is the oxidation of the electrode surface, therefore two electrodes were used: first one with solid gold and the other one copper covered with galvanized gold with a thickness of 10 μm. During the experiment, a large decrease in plasma concentration was observed when the electrode coated by gold was used. High-energy electrons have knocked out the gold atoms from the electrode, as a result of which the gold evaporated and the raids layers formed. After a month of working of the electrodes, metallographic researches were carried out, the results of which are described in this publication.

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