Centralised versus decentralised treatment and disposal options for Küçükçekmece Basin of Istanbul City

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
V. Eroğlu ◽  
H.Z. Sarikaya ◽  
E. Yüksel ◽  
I. Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Treat All ◽  
European Side

Küçükçekmece Lake is a sea lagoon located on the European side of Istanbul city with a drainage area of 4 million inhabitants (year 2040). The original plan to treat all of the wastewater collected from the drainage basin in a single plant located at the Northern end of the lake is compared with the decentralised option involving 4 treatment plants. The initial investment cost of the decentralised option is estimated to be higher than the original plan by an amount of 43 million US $. However, the decentralised option has been chosen finally, considering the low cost and risk of wastewater collection, the possibility of the staging of the services, and the reduced environmental impacts.

Food Waste Management, Treatment and Disposal Options

2020 ◽  
pp. 443-454
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoornweg ◽  
Scott Lougheed ◽  
Mark Walker ◽  
Ramy Salemdeeb ◽  
Tammara Soma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Planning the best strategy for sludge treatment and disposal operations

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Sludge treatment and disposal operations on a local or regional basis need careful planning to ensure that the strategy undertaken is environmentally acceptable, reliable and cost-effective. A database of information is needed for the area concerned which may include up to 100 wastewater treatment plants of varying size. Sludge quantities and quality have to be assessed now and into the future. Disposal options for sludge have to be analysed by an environmental assessment approach which studies the accessibility of all outlets, environmental legislation and attitudes of collaborating agencies and the public at large. Other wastes which may compete with sludge for disposal outlets must be considered. Outlets which involve recycling and beneficial use of sludge are advantageous but may not be practical. Sludge treatment must be evaluated in relation to the disposal options available. Sludge treatment centres, treating sludge from several surrounding wastewater plants, may be required especially if thermal drying or incineration are likely options. Economic evaluation has to consider capital and operating costs of sludge treatment and transport and other costs associated with disposal. The paper discusses how to evaluate all the information and options and find a suitable sludge treatment and disposal strategy.

scholarly journals Advanced Exergy, Exergoeconomic, and Exergoenvironmental Analyses of Integrated Solar-Assisted Gasification Cycle for Producing Power and Steam from Heavy Refinery Fuels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8409
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Jadidi ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh ◽  
Mostafa Delpisheh ◽  
Viviani Caroline Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Impact Rate ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
By Products ◽  
Environmental Performance Indicators

Integrated solar-assisted gasification cycles (ISGC) have emerged as a more flexible and environmentally friendly solution for producing power, steam, and other high-valued by-products from low-cost opportunity fuels. In this light, this paper investigates a new ISGC system for converting heavy refineries fuels into power and steam utilities while enhancing energy efficiency and economic and environmental performance indicators. In this approach, a solar energy field and a two-pressure heat recovery steam generator were integrated into the ISGC system to improve overall economic and environmental plant viability. The ISGC system was modelled in MATLAB software, and the results were validated using Thermoflex software. Conventional and advanced energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental (4E) analyses were implemented to assess the main performance parameters and identify potential system improvements. The ISGC system produced 319.92 MW of power by feeding on 15.5 kg/s of heavy refinery fuel, with a thermal efficiency of 50% and exergy efficiency of 54%. The results also revealed an investment cost of $466 million, evaluated at a system cost rate of 446 $/min and an environmental impact rate of 72,796 pts/min. The conventional and advanced 4E analyses unveiled the process economic and environmental feasibilities, particularly for oil-rich countries with high availability of solar resources.

scholarly journals Landfill Impacts on the Environment— Review

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaverková
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technical Requirement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Landfill Management ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Impact

Waste management (WM) is a demanding undertaking in all countries, with important implications for human health, environmental preservation, sustainability and circular economy. The method of sanitary landfilling for final disposal of waste remains a generally accepted and used method but the available scientific evidence on the waste-related environmental and health effects is not conclusive. Comparative studies of various WM methods (landfilling, incineration, composting etc.) show that among the municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment and disposal technological options, sanitary landfilling or open dumping is popular in most countries because of the relative low cost and low-technical requirement. The European Union (EU) Directive on waste landfills has introduced specific goals for reducing the volume of disposed waste and very strict requirements for landfilling and landfill sites. Evaluation of the impact of landfills on the environment is a crucial topic in the literature and has received increased attention recently, given growing environmental concerns. The main goal of this survey was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of possible impacts of MSW landfills on the environment. The main conclusion of the overall assessment of the literature is that the disposal of MSW in landfills entails a number of environmental risks but with respect to the current situation and rich style of living adopted in industrially developed countries, the idea of WM systems functioning without landfilling—at least in the foreseeable future within one generation—seems to be somewhat unreal. The results also provided important information of landfills as a source of environmental risk. Results of this research may have an important impact on landfill management and the disposal of waste. From the literature review, it is evident that even if high levels of waste avoidance, reuse and recycling are achieved, some waste materials will always need to be forwarded for disposal.

An opportunity to improve water trading in the South East Catchment of South Australia

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Young ◽  
Darla Hatton MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
The South ◽  
Allocation System ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Water Catchment

This paper outlines how an area-based water allocation system for irrigating crops could be converted to a system of shares, structured so as to allow the development of a low cost trading market for water and salinity shares. It stresses the need for separation of entitlements of water from land and the separation of water rights into their various components. By moving to this type of allocation system, combined with some safeguard provisions, trade in groundwater could be facilitated in the South East Water Catchment located in the State of South Australia. Separation of salinity and other environmental impacts from water volume trading will allow market assessment of highest and best use to include consideration of environmental impacts. Although the focus of the paper is on groundwater allocation and management, the principles and concepts outlined are applicable to surface water systems.

As Vantagens da Biorremediação na Qualidade Ambiental

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Viviane Mallmann ◽  
Lucas Wagner Ribeiro Aragão ◽  
Shaline Séfara Lopes Fernandes ◽  
Tauane Catilza Lopes Fernandes ◽  
Roberta Fernanda Ribeiro Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
The Face ◽  
A Current

Perante o uso desmedido dos recursos naturais surge uma corrida em busca de encontrar alternativas possíveis de recuperação desses ecossistemas. E este artigo traz uma revisão bibliográfica com o intuito de apontar alguns aspectos, que vêm sendo discutidos por pesquisadores no campo da biorremediação como técnica de reversão de contaminantes, bem como de apontamentos de ações futuras que podem vir a ser realizadas para minimizar os impactos ambientais. Entre os apontamentos realizados pelos diferentes autores consultados para este manuscrito, fica evidenciado que as técnicas de descontaminação são onerosas e algumas ainda apresentam subprodutos tóxicos em seus processos. Em alternativa a esta realidade se buscou, ao longo dos anos, meios para solucionar estes problemas, e a biorremediação ganhou espaço em detrimento de suas vantagens. De acordo com os autores das bibliografias consultadas, a biorremediação, além de utilizar seres vivos na tentativa de recuperar estes ambientes degradados apresenta custo baixo e vem ganhando, atualmente, difusão no Brasil. Todavia, alguns pesquisadores apontam, em seus estudos, que não basta haver uma corrente em busca de alternativas com estas características para remediar os ambientes impactados, é necessário haver consciência e políticas mais severas que se atentem para vir a garantir uma produção mais sustentável sem degradar o ambiente. Palavras-chave: Recursos Naturais. Políticas. Produção Sustentável. Ambientes impactados. Descontaminação AbstractIn the face of the excessive use of natural resources, a race is underway to find possible alternatives for the recovery of such  ecosystems. And this article brings a bibliographical review with the intention of pointing out some aspects that  have been discussed by researchers in the field of bioremediation as a technique for reversing contaminants as well as notes of future actions that can be carried out to minimize the environmental impacts. Among the notes made by the different authors consulted for this manuscript, it is evidenced that the decontamination techniques are costly and some still have toxic byproducts in their processes. As an alternative to this reality, over the years efforts have been made to solve these problems, and bioremediation has gained space to the detriment of its advantages. According to the authors of the consulted bibliographies, bioremediation, in addition to using living beings in an attempt to recover these degraded environments present a low cost and has been gaining, currently, diffusion in Brazil. However, some researchers point out in their studies that it is not enough to have a current in search of alternatives with these characteristics to remedy impacted environments, it is necessary to have awareness and more severe policies that are taken care to ensure a more sustainable production without degrading the environment. Keywords: Natural Resources. Policies. Sustainable Production. Impacted Environments. Decontamination.

scholarly journals PROPOSTA DE REAPROVEITAMENTO DO ÓLEO DE FRITURA RESIDUAL EM UM RESTAURANTE INDUSTRIALDOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v4i3.333

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Luciano Brito Rodrigues ◽  
Janclei Pereira Coutinho ◽  
Cristiano Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Soap Production ◽  
Costs Of Production

Visando colaborar com o gerenciamento de resíduos gerados no processo de fritura de alimentos, objetivou-se neste trabalho apresentar uma proposta de aproveitamento do óleo residual aos funcionários de um restaurante industrial. Foi testada a viabilidade da fabricação de sabão reciclando o óleo utilizado em processos de fritura através da reação de saponificação, avaliando os rendimentos e custos de sua produção. Várias formulações de sabão disponíveis na literatura foram testadas, obtendo-se como resultado uma formulação de sabão líquido com alto rendimento e baixíssimo custo. Com isto foi possível a aplicação da saponificação para reciclagem do óleo em um restaurante industrial, contribuindo com a redução de custos da empresa e dos impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte inadequado do óleo residual. Palavras-chave:Reciclagem de Óleos, Saponificação, Rendimento e Custos. ABSTRACT Aiming to collaborate with the control of waste derived from food fritter, a proposal for utilization of the residual was presented to the employees of an industrial restaurant. It was verified the feasibility of soap production using the oil previously used for fritter. The saponification reaction was used and the costs of production were evaluated. Based on some formulations available on literature, a liquid soap was obtained with good efficiency and low cost. This proposal was performed in an industrial restaurant contributing for cost reduction and mainly with the environmental impacts caused by the current oil disposal. Keywords: oil recycling, saponification, efficiency, costs.

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