Dynamic operating rules for water supply reservoirs in La Paz

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Bender ◽  
D. Hranisavljevic ◽  
R. Bernardin ◽  
R. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Water Supply Reservoirs

Dynamic operating rules have been applied to the drought-prone Andean water supply reservoirs near La Paz, Bolivia. The water supply reservoirs are not using conventional reservoir operating rule curves. Instead, dynamic operating rules opportunistically supply surplus water for soft demands, and proactively adjust the water supply before a drought causes a water shortage. The conventional approach of forcing water levels to follow a set rule curve is replaced with notions of tradeoffs between long-term reliability and short-term supply opportunities. Operators can customise the dynamic rules based on their tolerance of shortages, and can choose to operate more aggressively during wet periods. In this way, the dynamic rules offer a flexible tool for making short-term decisions while managing medium and long-term performance goals. In the case of La Paz, it is possible to utilise the water sources more efficiently in the short-term without significantly reducing the long-term water supply reliability. The dynamic rules will reduce the severity of future water shortages (if they occur) by 60%, and provide opportunities to increase the firm water supply by up to 8% without affecting the long-term reliability.

Optimisation meets the manager: a case study of the La Paz reservoir system

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 373-379
Author(s):  
M. Bender ◽  
M. Stanic ◽  
D. Luketina ◽  
D. Hranisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Reservoir System ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Optimal Dynamic ◽  
Optimisation Techniques ◽  
Level Of Risk

Managers must usually apply operating rules to optimise the use of water resources in a sustainable manner. Ideally a manager needs a set of near-optimal dynamic operating rules that are consistent with the objectives and level of risk set by the manager. The traditional approach for a reservoir is to develop fixed (static) rule curves based upon a statistical analysis. However, improved dynamic rules can be derived using optimisation techniques such as genetic algorithms. Also, simulation methods can be used. Here we show how both methods can be applied to generate near-optimal dynamic operating rules for a reservoir system used for drinking water supply in La Paz, Bolivia. In particular, we show how simple practical operating rules can incorporate the level of risk set by the manager. Further, these rules advise how quickly water levels should be altered when they are too high or too low.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Reservoir Operations Considering Short-Term Flood Control and Long-Term Water Supply: A Case Study for the Da-Han Creek Basin in Taiwan

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ming Cheng ◽  
Chien-Lin Huang ◽  
Nien-Sheng Hsu ◽  
Chih-Chiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Reservoir Operations ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Agricultural Crisis and Farmers Suicides in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1576-1580 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Private Money ◽  
The Government

Agricultural sector is the main income for the rural people in India. It plays a significant role in their life. In India, small and marginal farmers account for 70%, according to the 2011 census of the Government of India. These small and marginal farmers took credit from banks and private money lenders. The non-repayment of credit led to an agricultural crisis and farmers’ suicide. This study focused on the reasons that caused such a disaster. The study rests on a review of the literature which was extracted from journals, reports, and newspapers from 2004 to 2019. The review identified the following reasons for the agricultural crisis and farmer’s suicides- poverty, indebtedness, crop failures, distress, lack of awareness on new technologies, inadequate debt, marketing of produce, the high interest of non-institutional credit, and depletion of water levels. The article concluded noting that -the government had to shift its focus from industries to agriculture and shift its agricultural policies from short-term to long- term ones.

scholarly journals Water Consumption Variability Based on Cumulative Data From Non-simultaneous and Long-term Measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Wawrzosek ◽  
Syzmon Ignaciuk ◽  
Justyna Stańczyk ◽  
Joanna Kajewska-Szkudlarek
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Fuzzy Time Series ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Demand Patterns

AbstractDevices for water consumption measurement provide data from periodical readings in a non-simultaneous and cumulative manner. This may result in inaccuracies within the process of inference about the short-term habitual patterns of water supply network users. Maintaining systems at the interface between periodic and continuous processes requires the continuous improvement of research methodology. To obtain reliable results regarding the variability of water consumption, the first step should be to estimate it for each observation day by periodic averaging and a possible water balancing approach, but the analysis of the value of estimators obtained in this way usually does not allow for studying autocorrelation. However, other methods indicate the existence of multiplicative parameters characterizing short- and long-term variations in water demand. The purpose of this study is to create a new and deterministic method for tackling the problem associated with a lack of short-term detailed data with fuzzy time series using a multiplicative model for water consumption. Satisfactory results have been obtained, demonstrating that the dispersed data, received in a cumulative manner for random periods of measurement, can be analyzed by the methodology of proposed statistical inference. The observed variability in water consumption may be used in the planning and modernization of water supply systems, development of water demand patterns, hydraulic models, and in the creation of forecasting models of water consumption.

scholarly journals Metabolic Modelling: A Strategic Planning Tool for Water Supply Systems Management

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Felisa ◽  
Ilaria Lauriola ◽  
Valentina Ciriello ◽  
Vittorio Di Federico
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Metabolic Modelling ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
Supply Systems

Water resources are essential for the economic development and sustenance of human activities belonging to the civil, agricultural and industrial sectors. Increasing water stress conditions, mainly due to climate change and population growth, imply the need to improve the resilience of water supply systems and account for sustainability of water withdrawals. Metabolic modelling approaches represent a flexible tool able to provide a support to decision making in the medium-long term, based on sustainability criteria. Here, these concepts are adopted to analyse part of the water supply network in the Province of Reggio-Emilia (Italy). Different water withdrawals scenarios are considered to account for a potential decrease in water resources availability from a quantitative perspective. As a second step, these scenarios are compared by means of a set of key performance metrics able to identify the most sustainable long-term strategy for a dynamic management of the water supply system. Results of these analysis allow to increase the resilience of the network under future scenarios, while protecting the water resources.

scholarly journals Interannual Response of Reef Islands to Climate-Driven Variations in Water Level and Wave Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4089
Author(s):  
Michael V. W. Cuttler ◽  
Kilian Vos ◽  
Paul Branson ◽  
Jeff E. Hansen ◽  
Michael O’Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Island Evolution ◽  
Reef Islands ◽  
Wave Conditions

Coral reef islands are among the most vulnerable landforms to climate change. However, our understanding of their morphodynamics at intermediate (seasonal to interannual) timescales remains poor, limiting our ability to forecast how they will evolve in the future. Here, we applied a semi-automated shoreline detection technique (CoastSat.islands) to 20 years of publicly available satellite imagery to investigate the evolution of a group of reef islands located in the eastern Indian Ocean. At interannual timescales, island changes were characterized by the cyclical re-organization of island shorelines in response to the variability in water levels and wave conditions. Interannual variability in forcing parameters was driven by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, causing prolonged changes to water levels and wave conditions that established new equilibrium island morphologies. Our results present a new opportunity to measure intermediate temporal scale changes in island morphology that can complement existing short-term (weekly to seasonal) and long-term (decadal) understanding of reef island evolution.

scholarly journals Droughts, Dry Spells and Low Water Levels in Medieval Hungary (and Croatia) I: The Great Droughts of 1362, 1474, 1479, 1494 and 1507

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kiss ◽  
Zrinka Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
One Year

Abstract In the present paper five significant late medieval drought events, occurred in Hungary (4 cases) and Croatia (1 Dalmatian case), are discussed based on contemporary documentary evidence. Information on long-term lack of precipitation, severe annual (or multiannual) water shortage, extreme low water levels of major rivers or bad harvest and severe food shortage in 1362, 1474, 1479, 1494 and 1507, often accompanied or followed by locust invasions, were documented both in narratives, account books, charters and letters. Apart from causing food shortage or difficulties in transportation (e.g. of salt), these greatest known documented drought events of medieval Hungary were blamed for weakening the country's military defence (e.g. low water levels) and providing good opportunities for Ottoman-Turkish attacks. These great drought events sometimes occurred one year later than those of the neighbouring areas in Central Europe - a fact that can be probably explained by the bi- or multi-annual nature of dry spells (e.g. in and around 1474, 1479, 1507) that does not necessarily fit the frame of a calendar year.

scholarly journals Handling Solution Tidal Flood in Kaligawe Area by Polder System Drainage

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tidal Elevation ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Tidal Movement

Kaligawe area is one of the main routes of North Java Coastal traffic and also the gateway of Semarang city from the east. Since more than 5 years this area proned by flooding due to a combination of land subsidence, increasing influence by tidal movement from sea the inability of free flow discharge of river water. In periods of flooding long traffic jams occur for more than 10 kilometers in length. The purpose of this research is to map the flood problem in Kaligawe area, identify the causes of flooding, analyze the technical handling solution and formulate the measures to prevent the flooding in this region. The research method is based on detailed field survey, measurement and observations of water levels, secondary data collection that consist of land subsidence’s, rainfall intensities, tidal elevation. The data are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Among the results of this study is to formulate measures to prevent the number and degree of flooding. These measures can be divided in short, medium term and long term stages. The short term measures consist of construct a temporary weir to regulate water discharge and pump installation including pump strategy. The medium term stage consists of making a polder system, the long term stage consists of spatial sustainability and institutional management of Operation and Maintenance of Polder system.

Adverse responses in egg shell quality in late-lay resulting from short-term use of saline drinking water in early- or mid-lay

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Balnave ◽  
D. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell

Three experiments were carried out to determine the long-term responses in egg shell quality when hens were given saline drinking water for only a few weeks either at the start of lay or in mid-lay. Shell quality of eggs from hens given town water containing an additional 2 g sodium chloride (NaCl)/L as drinking water for periods of 5 or 6 weeks prior to 30 weeks of age or between 48 and 53 weeks of age was significantly poorer at the end of lay than shell quality of eggs from hens given town water throughout lay. Apart from these short periods of saline water supply the NaCl-treated hens received town water throughout lay. Shell defects were increased significantly after 55 weeks of age even when no apparent detrimental effects of saline drinking water on shell quality were observed during the period of saline water intake or when the incidence of shell defects returned to normal after the replacement of saline water with town water. The results indicate that the adverse effects of saline drinking water on egg shell quality is of long-term significance, being especially noticeable towards the end of lay.

scholarly journals Joint energy and water management scheme for water supply systems in Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 06008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Delcea ◽  
Ioan Bitir-Istrate ◽  
Roxana Pătraşcu ◽  
Cristian Gheorghiu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Supply Systems

Keeping in mind the short-term and long-term aims of cost depletion and sustainable development respectively, a joint water and energy management scheme for water supply systems that leads to reduced energy losses is proposed. For water utilities, drinkable water's treatment and pumping and wastewater treatment are the main energy-consuming processes and a proportional part of this energy is wasted with non-revenue water. In Romania, these losses can reach critical levels so highlighting them becomes a crucial aspect in assessing the system's efficiency. This paper presents a scheme that combines energy audit and water balance techniques that can become a tool for both energy auditors and managers, by allowing the quantification of embedded energy of water losses. The methodology is adapted for the conditions in Romania, where data collection and processing is mainly done manually.

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