Two approaches to indirect potable reuse using membrane technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lozier
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
The City ◽  
Raw Wastewater ◽  
Bioreactor Process

A pilot study was conducted at McAllen, Texas to evaluate two microfiltration technologies, Memcor and ZeeWeed, to treat secondary effluent from the city of McAllen south WWTP. The objectives of the study were to compare the ability of Memcor and ZeeWeed to pretreat secondary effluent for subsequent processing by RO and to evaluate the ability of the ZenoGem membrane bioreactor process to directly treat screened, de-gritted wastewater to a quality suitable for direct processing by RO. The results showed both Memcor and ZeeWeed to be competitive in their ability to produce a high quality filtrate from secondary effluent. The results also indicated that the ZenoGem process is capable of producing a filtrate suitable for RO treatment while meeting the City's current wastewater effluent discharge requirements. Additionally, the ZenoGem treated McAllen's raw wastewater to a quality comparable to the city's existing WWTP effluent.

Using a membrane bioreactor/reverse osmosis system for indirect potable reuse

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lozier ◽  
A. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
The City

The City of McAllen, Texas, with the assistance of CH2M HILL, has pilot tested an integrated membrane bioreactor (MBR)/reverse osmosis (RO) treatment train to reclaim municipal wastewater to a quality suitable for use as a new drinking water supply in the process called indirect potable reuse. Previous testing by the City (Phase 1) demonstrated the applicability and cost of microfiltration (Memcor and ZeeWeed systems) to enhance the quality of secondary effluent for subsequent treatment by RO and the feasibility of a membrane bioreactor system (ZenoGem) to produce RO feedwater directly from minimally processed sewage. Phase 2 testing, reported on in this paper, is designed to demonstrate reliable operation of MBR/RO treatment for processing screened, degritted sewage and that the effluent from such a train can meet all federal primary and State secondary drinking water regulations and comply with anticipated State requirements for indirect potable reuse. Results show the ZenoGem process to be reliable, require minimal operator attention and maintenance, produce an effluent that can be processed by RO with little fouling and that easily exceeds the City's current effluent discharge requirements relative to BOD, TSS and ammonia. The ZenoGem permeate quality exceeds RO feedwater criteria for turbidity and silt density index and RO system performance confirms minimal membrane fouling by particles. However, the high calcium hardness and phosphate levels in the City's wastewater (and ZenoGem permeate) caused mineral precipitation within the RO system when operated at higher recoveries. Precipitation can be controlled, however, by increased acidification of the RO feedwater.

The Oxnard advanced water purification facility: combining indirect potable reuse with reverse osmosis concentrate beneficial use to ensure a California community's water sustainability and provide coastal wetlands restoration

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Lozier ◽  
Ken Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
California Department ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
The City

The City of Oxnard in California is implementing a strategic water resources program known as the Groundwater Recovery Enhancement and Treatment (GREAT) program, which includes an Advanced Water Purification Facility (AWPF) that will use a major portion of the secondary effluent from the City's existing Water Pollution Control Facility to produce high-quality treated water to be used for irrigation of edible food crops, landscape irrigation, injection into the groundwater basin to form a barrier to seawater intrusion, and other industrial uses. The AWPF, currently under design by CH2M HILL, will employ a multiple-barrier treatment train consisting of microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultravioletlightbased advanced oxidation processes to purify the secondary effluent to conform to California Department of Public Health Title 22 Recycled Water Criteria for groundwater recharge. The AWPF, which will have initial and build-out capacities of ca. 24,000 and ca 95,000 m3/day, respectively, was limited to a 1.8-hectare site, with 0.4 hectares dedicated to a Visitor's Center and administration building. Further, the depth below grade and height of the AWPF's structures were constrained because of the high groundwater table at the site, the high cost of excavation and dewatering, and local codes. To accommodate these various restrictions, an innovative design approach has been developed. This paper summarizes the design constraints and innovative solutions for the design of the AWPF.

Treatment of Trace Organic Compounds by Membrane Processes: At the Lake Arrowhead Water Reuse Pilot Plant

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno B. Levine ◽  
Kapal Madireddi ◽  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Michael K. Stenstrom ◽  
Mel Suffet
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Neutral Compounds ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
Trace Organic

Organic and trace organic performance data for ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) at the Lake Arrowhead water reclamation pilot plant are analyzed to determine the treatment efficiency of these processes in an indirect potable reuse design. Four organic parameters were studied: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm (UV-254), SUVA and base neutral analysis (BNA). UF and NF removed the larger compounds from the influent, but had no significant impact on the base neutral fraction with the exception of sterols. The RO process removed DOC and UV-absorbance compounds from the effluent to their respective detection limits. Base neutral compounds were significantly removed by RO, leaving at extremely low concentrations small molecular weight compounds, indicating indirect potable reuse is technically feasible.

scholarly journals An Australian perspective on DPR: technologies, sustainability and community acceptance

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian B. Law
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Community Acceptance ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Australia has had guidelines in place for water recycling (for all uses other than potable reuse) since 2006. These guidelines were extended in May 2008 to cover potable reuse and have since been applied to two potable reuse schemes – one in Brisbane (Queensland) in 2011 and the second in Perth (Western Australia) in 2013. These guidelines cover both indirect potable reuse and direct potable reuse (DPR) and outline the steps that must be followed in the planning and validation of such schemes. This paper summarizes: (i) recent work carried out in Australia on treatment trains and technologies suitable for DPR; (ii) sustainability considerations of DPR and how it compares with other water supply options; and (iii) developments in community education and engagement in the potable reuse space.

The fate of microplastics in natural and engineered aquatic systems: A case study of unplanned indirect potable reuse

2021 ◽  
pp. 100302
Author(s):  
Swadhina Priyadarshini Lenka ◽  
Tahereh Jasemizad ◽  
Iraj Rezapour Balaneji ◽  
Brandon Huang ◽  
Benjamin Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Indirect Potable Reuse

Wastewater Effluent Discharge to Cooling Lakes

1977 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-918
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Taylor ◽  
Gerard A. Rohlich ◽  
James E. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Effluent Discharge

Chihuahua: a water reuse case in the desert

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-S. Espino ◽  
C.-J. Navarro ◽  
J.-M. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
The City

Water supply for all kind of uses in Chihuahua is mainly groundwater. During the last decade this city has been damaged with a heavy hydrologic crisis because of a persistent drought. This came up with the overexploitation of groundwater aquifers; therefore a deficit between demand and offer was done. To minimize this problem the government authorities have started an integral plan of optimizing hydrologic resources which considers the treatment of wastewater and the use of reclaimed water. The secondary wastewater treatment facility of the city treats about 30,000 m3/d of a wastewater with high organic contents, and produces an effluent with low concentration of suspended solids, organic matter, fats, detergents, and metals. Reclaimed water is conveyed toward strategic sites for the irrigation of great green areas in sport clubs, educational institutions and industrial zones, besides of its utilization on some manufacturing processes, road service, and also over construction industry. The potential reuse of this water goes farther from those activities; the treatment of the secondary effluent until the required levels of the water-bearing recharge criteria are met for drinking water supply is considered as the next step to achieve through a suitable planning strategy for the best integral resource advantage.

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