Nitrogen removal from wastewater of the chemical company Duslo

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Buday ◽  
L. Halász ◽  
M. Drtil ◽  
I. Bodík ◽  
P. Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Real Scale

The results of laboratory scale modelling and real scale performance of the pre- and post-denitrification of a wastewater from the production of industrial fertilizers, pesticides and rubber additives are presented. As a substrate for the pre-denitrification, the biologically degradable organic compounds present in the influent were used. Selected wastewaters from chemical industry were used as a substrate for the post-denitrification. The results of the laboratory scale research of the pre-denitrification were successfully verified in real scale, an efficiency of 97% and 88% was reached for the removal of NO2––N and NO3––N respectively. The efficiency of the post-denitrification in real scale was 15% from the entering amount of NOx––N (NO2––NO3––N). Pre-denitrification removed about 190 kg NOx––N and post-denitrification about 85 kg NOx––N daily.

Increasing nitrogen removal efficiency by intermittent aeration in partial areas of laboratory-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1686
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Shuqing An ◽  
Dehua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Amoa Gene ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Gene ◽  
Partial Area ◽  
Reductase Gene

Intermittent aeration (IA) has been widely used in constructed wetlands (CWs) because it is economical and results in high nitrogen removal efficiency (RE). The aim of this study was to identify whether IA (4hday–1; the recommended frequency according to previous studies) in a partial area (PIA) can improve nitrogen RE compared with IA applied throughout the CW (TIA). Three types of laboratory-scale vertical flow CWs were constructed: PIA, TIA and non-aerated (NA). PIA achieved a higher RE of total nitrogen than TIA and NA (mean RE 60.6 v. 45.2 and 37.4% respectively). In the PIA, the ammonia mono-oxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene was abundant in aerated areas, whereas the nitrate reductase gene narG and nitrite reductase genes nirK and nirS were abundant in anaerobic areas. The results of this study suggest that PIA is an effective strategy for nitrogen removal when applying aeration in CWs because it preserves a constant anaerobic area for denitrification.

Die Bitterfelder elektrochemischen Werke (1893-1945). Standortwahl und regionale Folgen

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Hackenholz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Backward Linkages ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractIn 1894 two companies decided to set up their new electrochemical operations in the Bitterfeld region. Both companies recognized Bitterfeld as the ideal location. A combination of factors contributed to this assessment. A decisive factor, though, was the availabilty of the cheapest lignite in Germany. It was the coal which attracted an additional chemical company to the region the following year. Together, the three businesses laid the foundation for the domination of the chemical industry in Bitterfeld for over 100 years. The new guiding sector essentially under the stewardship of the IG Farben group from 1925 onwards provided formative impulses [forward and backward linkages] to other sectors, established before and after the chemical industry came to Bitterfeld. The mining industry and production of electricity as well as the construction of heavy machinery and aircraft grew parallel to chemical industry. The region embarked upon a path of development which is evident even today.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Proses Anammox Dalam Penyisihan Nitrogen Menggunakan Reaktor Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Reri Afrianita ◽  
Ilham Hagi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anammox Process

ABSTRACTAnammox process is a more practical alternative in biological nitrogen removal compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification processes. This process conducted at the optimum temperature of 370C. Indonesia, as a tropical country, has the potential for the application of anammox processes to remove nitrogen in wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of nitrogen removal in the anammox process using the Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature with variations in the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours and 12 hours, at the laboratory scale. Samples are measured twice a week using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. As a seeding sludge for start-up, the reactor was inoculated with granular anammox bacteria genus Candidatus Brocadia. At the stable operation, the ratio of ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N and ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N approach the stoichiometry of the anammox process were 1.20 and 0.21, respectively. The performance of nitrogen removal with 24-hour HRT obtained a maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.113 kg-N/m3.d with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/m3.d, and at 12-hour HRT, maximum NRR  of 0.196 kg-N/m3.d with NLR 0,28 kg-N/m3.d. Ammonium Conversion Efficiency (ACE) and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency (NRE) maximum for HRT 24 hours were 82% and 77%, respectively while HRT 12 hours were 72% and 68%, respectively. The anammox process operated stably in the tropical temperature with a temperature range of 23-280C on a laboratory scale using the UASB reactor.Keywords: anammox, nitrogen, temperature, tropical, uasb.ABSTRAKProses anammox menjadi alternatif yang lebih efektif dalam penyisihan nitrogen secara biologi dibandingkan dengan proses konvensional nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Proses ini berlangsung optimum pada suhu 370C. Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki potensi untuk aplikasi proses anammox untuk menghilangkan nitrogen pada air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efesiensi penyisihan nitrogen pada proses anammox menggunakan Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reaktor pada suhu ambien dengan variasi Waktu Tinggal Hidrolik (WTH) 24 jam dan 12 jam, pada skala laboratorium. Sampel diukur dua kali setiap minggu menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sebagai seeding sludge (lumpur biakan) untuk start-up (memulai) reaktor digunakan bakteri anammox genus Candidatus Brocadia berbentuk granular. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, didapatkan nilai rasio ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N dan ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N mendekati stoikiometri proses anammox yaitu 1,20 dan 0,21. Kinerja penyisihan nitrogen dengan WTH 24 jam didapatkan nilai tingkat penyisihan nitrogen (TPyN ) maksimum 0,113 kg-N/m3.h pada tingkat pemuatan nitrogen (TPN) 0,14 kg-N/m3.h, dan WTH 12 jam nilai TPyN  maksimum 0,196 kg-N/m3.h pada TPN 0,28 kg-N/m3.h. Nilai efisiensi konversi amonia (EKA) dan efisiensi penyisihan nitrogen (EPN) maksimum pada WTH 24 jam berturut-turut adalah 82% dan 77%, sedangkan pada WTH 12 jam berturut-turut adalah 72% dan 68%. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa proses anammox dapat berlangsung stabil pada daerah tropis dengan suhu terukur 21-290C pada skala laboratorium menggunakan UASB reaktor. Kata kunci: Anammox, nitrogen, temperatur, tropis, uasb.

scholarly journals Investigation of polar mobile organic compounds (PMOC) removal by reverse osmosis and nanofiltration: rejection mechanism modelling using decision tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Teychene ◽  
F. Chi ◽  
J. Chokki ◽  
G. Darracq ◽  
J. Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Rejection Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Polar mobile organic compounds (PMOC) are highly polar chemicals and tend to accumulate in short water cycles. Due to their properties, PMOC might be partially eliminated by advanced water treatment technologies. The goal of this study is to investigate the rejection of 22 PMOC (highly mobile and persistent) by reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The impact of transmembrane pressure was evaluated through laboratory-scale cross-flow constant pressure filtration tests. Among the investigated experimental conditions, PMOC rejection with NF at eight bars is comparable to values obtained on RO at 15 bars. Negatively charged PMOC are highly rejected by both RO and NF membranes while guanidine-like compounds exhibit higher passage values and are strongly impacted by transmembrane pressure. In order to model the rejection mechanism, decision tree methodology was employed to link PMOC physicochemical properties to rejection values. Based on laboratory-scale results, decision trees were computed and emphasized that the NF rejection mechanism is governed by electrostatic interaction and sieving effects. In contrast, PMOC rejection on the RO membrane strongly depends on the topological polar surface area (TPSA) of the PMOC. This study suggests that micropollutant TPSA should be more investigated in order to describe RO removal efficiency. Moreover, it is shown that the decision tree is a powerful numerical tool in order to reveal the specific sequence leading to micropollutant removal by RO and NF membranes.

scholarly journals Use of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) for Retrofitting

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 09006
Author(s):  
Steffen Müller ◽  
Viktor Mechtcherine
Keyword(s):  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Close Supervision ◽  
Real Scale

Strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC, or Engineered Cementitious Composites, ECC) were developed in the early 1990th and have been since then an object of numerous investigations which number increases every year. Under tensile loading SHCC exhibit fine and well distributed cracking accompanied by large inelastic deformations prior to reaching ultimate strain capacity. Such behaviour makes SHCC suitable for repair and strengthening. The present article reports on the transfer of SHCC from laboratory tests to a practical application and on monitoring this application over several years. At the laboratory scale, neutron radiography was used to visualize the capillary water suction by a specimen made of a multiple cracked SHCC repair layer and a cracked RC substrate. The obtained results led to a practical implementation on a concrete water reservoir in Germany. The presented project served the purpose of testing the new technology in real scale and investigating challenges arising when laboratory scale is left for a larger one, especially resulting from the real mixing and placement conditions. The application was brought into life by industrial partners under close supervision of the authors. The repair layer is in service for several years now and under observation by the TU Dresden with respect to cracking behaviour and material deterioration.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE AGAINST RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES IN PRODUCING INCOME ON THE BASIC INDUSTRY AND CHEMICAL COMPANY SUB SECTOR FEED LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Edhi Asmirantho ◽  
Resta Rosdiana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Basic Industry ◽  
Asset Turnover ◽  
Management Capabilities

This study was conducted to determine and demonstrate empirically the effect of accounts receivable management of the company's ability to generate profits on the company grounds and chemical industry subsectors recorded fodder in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Each company has a complete data for 10 years in the period 2004 to 2013. Technical analysis of using multiple regression analysis, the data processing using SPSS version20. The results showed receivable management firm base and chemical industry subsectors fodder IDX can be said is still not optimal. Receivables management fluctuating and rising slowly apparent from the Receivable Turnover (RTO), Receivable Turnover in Days (RTD) and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) are unstable and there are accounts receivable with a long lifespan. Based on the R-square is formed, the independent variables are able to explain the growth of return on investment of 69.3%. Hypothesis testing using the F test showed F count > F table (19.579 > 2.975) with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 indicates that Receivable Turnover, Receivable Turnover in Days and Total Asset Turnover simultaneously significant effect on Return on Investment. While testing the hypothesis using the t test showed the value Receivable Turnover (1.642 < 2.056) with significant value 0.113 > 0.05 and Receivable Turnover in Days (1.547 < 2.056) with significance 0.134 > 0.05 where t < t table and the value significant > 0.05, which indicates that they do not affect the return on investment, while the Total Asset Turnover value condition t > t table (6.520 > 2.056) and a significant value 0.000 < 0.05 indicates that positive and significant effect on Return on Investment.Keywords: Activity, Profitability, Receivable Turnover, Receivable Turnover in Days, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Investment.

scholarly journals Investigation and Analysis of a Hazardous Chemical Accident in the Process Industry: Triggers, Roots, and Lessons Learned

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Jianhao Wang ◽  
Gui Fu ◽  
Mingwei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Chemical Accident

This paper performs an in-depth investigation and analysis on a catastrophic hazardous chemical accident involving domino effects in China based on an emerging accident causation model—the 24Model. The triggers and roots of the incident from the individual and organizational levels have been identified and several useful lessons have been summarized to avoid similar mistakes. This accident began with a leak of vinyl chloride caused by the failure of the gas holder’s bell housing and the operators’ mishandling. Leaked vinyl chloride was ignited by a high-temperature device in the process of diffusion and the fire quickly spread to the illegally parked vehicles. Several organizations were involved in this accident, and the chemical company should bear the main responsibility for it, and shall establish and implement an effective safety management system in its organizational structure and staffing, facilities management, hazards identification, emergency disposal, etc., to improve safety performance in a systematic way. Enterprises in the chemical industry park shall enhance the communication to clarify major hazard installations in their domains, and conduct regular safety evaluation for the plant as the external environment changed. Government agencies shall plan the layout of the chemical industry park scientifically and ensure safety starts with the design stage. The case study provides a practical procedure for accident investigation and analysis, and thus, preventive measures can be made according to the various causations at different levels.

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