Evaluating the Impacts of Sludge Incineration Using a Risk Based Approach

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Ann E. Farrell ◽  
Bert Michalczyk ◽  
Anaya Nance
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Handling Method ◽  
Sanitary District

The viability of continued sludge incineration at Central Contra Costa Sanitary District wastewater treatment plant is presented as a case study. A risk based approach was utilized to assess the long-term feasibility and cost of continued incineration compared to other available sludge handling methods. Three major tasks were conducted as part of the study: an incinerator capacity evaluation; a risk assessment; and, an evaluation of solids handling technologies. The study focused on toxics most often encountered in sewage incinerator emissions, including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans. The results of the study indicate that continued incineration of sludge is viable for Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, and that the most cost effective solids handling method is incineration using two duty units with backup provided by chemical stabilization. To confirm costs and design criteria, pilot testing of two potential back-up methods is currently being conducted.These methods are chemical stabilization and indirect drying.

scholarly journals Toward Decentralised Sanitary Sewage Collection Systems: A Multiobjective Approach for Cost-Effective and Resilient Designs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1886
Author(s):  
Arezoo Zahediasl ◽  
Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽  
Ulrich Dittmer ◽  
Ali Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Multiobjective Approach ◽  
Layout Generation ◽  
Plant Allocation ◽  
Problem Solving Process

In recent years, the concept of a centralized drainage system that connect an entire city to one single treatment plant is increasingly being questioned in terms of the costs, reliability, and environmental impacts. This study introduces an optimization approach based on decentralization in order to develop a cost-effective and sustainable sewage collection system. For this purpose, a new algorithm based on the growing spanning tree algorithm is developed for decentralized layout generation and treatment plant allocation. The trade-off between construction and operation costs, resilience, and the degree of centralization is a multiobjective problem that consists of two subproblems: the layout of the networks and the hydraulic design. The innovative characteristics of the proposed framework are that layout and hydraulic designs are solved simultaneously, three objectives are optimized together, and the entire problem solving process is self-adaptive. The model is then applied to a real case study. The results show that finding an optimum degree of centralization could reduce not only the network’s costs by 17.3%, but could also increase its structural resilience significantly compared to fully centralized networks.

An application of Austrian legal requirements for CSO emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Kleidorfer ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Combined Sewer

The Austrian standard for designing combined sewer overflow (CSO) detention basins introduces the efficiency of the combined sewer overflows as an indicator for CSO pollution. Additionally criteria for the ambient water quality are defined, which comprehend six kinds of impacts. In this paper, the Austrian legal requirements are described and discussed by means of hydrological modelling. This is exemplified with the case study Innsbruck (Austria) including a description for model building and model calibration. Furthermore an example is shown in order to demonstrate how – in this case – the overall system performance could be improved by implementing a cost-effective rearrangement of the storage tanks already available at the inflow of the wastewater treatment plant. However, this guideline also allows more innovative methods for reducing CSO emissions as measures for better usage of storage volume or de-centralised treatment of stormwater runoff because it is based on a sewer system simulation.

scholarly journals Application of integrated MBR in a centralized WTP for a chemical industrial park: A case study in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinsong ◽  
Liu Jerry
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Chemical Industrial Park ◽  
Porous Resin ◽  
Aerated Filter

Abstract Wastewaters from chemical industries usually contain pollutants which are toxic and non-biodegradable. Treatment of chemical wastewaters is always a challenging topic in view of the stringent environmental regulations that have to be adhered to. Since 2014, the Chinese government has been continuously tightening the industrial wastewater (IWW) discharge standards, which requires improved quality of IWW effluent. This poses great challenges to the chemical industries in China, especially to many of the chemical industry clusters where the wastewaters usually contain more toxic and non-biodegradable contaminants. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has been proved to be a reliable and cost-effective solution for the treatment of IWW. However, MBR alone could not effectively remove non-biodegradable organics, it needs to be integrated with advanced oxidization process and/or other physical-chemical treatment processes to improve the overall treatment efficiency. In this paper, studies on the performance of different integrated MBR processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant-A (IWTP-A) will be discussed, including Fenton + MBR, MBR + ozonation + biological aerated filter, and MBR + porous resin sorption.

InDiPres: a statewide collaborative approach to digital preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Cinda Ann May
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Preservation Solution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collaborative Community

Purpose The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate how cultural memory organizations in Indiana used Library Services Technology Act grant funding as seed money to form a collaborative group to attain an affordable and sustainable digital preservation solution. Design/methodology/approach This case study relates how concern for digital content created across Indiana by an array of cultural memory organizations led to a multi-year quest to establish a community-based, cost-effective, open-source digital preservation solution to address a common problem. Findings Interest in a collaborative community-based digital preservation solution, especially among small- and mid-sized under-resourced organizations, exists across the spectrum of Indiana cultural heritage institutions, but education and commitment are key to the success of a statewide solution. Originality/value While focusing on cultural memory organizations in Indiana, the case study also provides information about the process of establishing a digital preservation collaborative to leverage resources to provide a cost-effective and sustainable long-term solution, particularly for small- to mid-sized institutions.

scholarly journals Bigger is better: Improved nature conservation and economic returns from landscape-level mitigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. e1501021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Kennedy ◽  
Daniela A. Miteva ◽  
Leandro Baumgarten ◽  
Peter L. Hawthorne ◽  
Kei Sochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Forest Code ◽  
State Models ◽  
Landscape Level

Impact mitigation is a primary mechanism on which countries rely to reduce environmental externalities and balance development with conservation. Mitigation policies are transitioning from traditional project-by-project planning to landscape-level planning. Although this larger-scale approach is expected to provide greater conservation benefits at the lowest cost, empirical justification is still scarce. Using commercial sugarcane expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado as a case study, we apply economic and biophysical steady-state models to quantify the benefits of the Brazilian Forest Code (FC) under landscape- and property-level planning. We find that FC compliance imposes small costs to business but can generate significant long-term benefits to nature: supporting 32 (±37) additional species (largely habitat specialists), storing 593,000 to 2,280,000 additional tons of carbon worth $69 million to $265 million ($ pertains to U.S. dollars), and marginally improving surface water quality. Relative to property-level compliance, we find that landscape-level compliance reduces total business costs by $19 million to $35 million per 6-year sugarcane growing cycle while often supporting more species and storing more carbon. Our results demonstrate that landscape-level mitigation provides cost-effective conservation and can be used to promote sustainable development.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Predictive Control Optimization with Varying Term Objectives: A Wind Farm Case Study

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara M. Ionescu ◽  
Constantin F. Caruntu ◽  
Ricardo Cajo ◽  
Mihaela Ghita ◽  
Guillaume Crevecoeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Efficiency Cost

This paper introduces the incentive of an optimization strategy taking into account short-term and long-term cost objectives. The rationale underlying the methodology presented in this work is that the choice of the cost objectives and their time based interval affect the overall efficiency/cost balance of wide area control systems in general. The problem of cost effective optimization of system output is taken into account in a multi-objective predictive control formulation and applied on a windmill park case study. A strategy is proposed to enable selection of optimality criteria as a function of context conditions of system operating conditions. Long-term economic objectives are included and realistic simulations of a windmill park are performed. The results indicate the global optimal criterium is no longer feasible when long-term economic objectives are introduced. Instead, local sub-optimal solutions are likely to enable long-term energy efficiency in terms of balanced production of energy and costs for distribution and maintenance of a windmill park.

Integrated design of sewers and wastewater treatment plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vollertsen ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
Z. Ujang ◽  
S.A. Talib
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Process Simulations

Sewer system design must be integrated with wastewater treatment plant design when moving towards a more sustainable urban wastewater management. This integration allows an optimization of the design of both systems to achieve a better and more cost-effective wastewater management. Hitherto integrated process design has not been an option because the tools to predict in-sewer wastewater transformations have been inadequate. In this study the WATS model - being a new and validated tool for in-sewer microbial process simulations - is presented and its application for integrated sewer and treatment plant design is exemplified. A case study on a Malaysian catchment illustrates this integration. The effects of centralization of wastewater treatment and the subsequently longer transport distances are addressed. The layout of the intercepting sewer is optimized to meet the requirements of different treatment scenarios.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VAMAN IN STHUL MADHUMEHA: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Sushil V Chawre ◽  
Sneha S Kamre ◽  
Prakash R Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Long Term Effect

The study was conducted to evaluate cost effective and convenient treatment for Sthul Madhumeha in Ayurved. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period. This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. Long term effect of Diabetes includes damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. The long-term effects include progressive development of vasculopathy that may lead to renal failure, neuropathy etc. Prevalence of diabetes increased with age and reached at peaked at 60 to 69 years of age followed by declined at 70 years of age in India subjects. Ayurveda describes Prameha as a disease having cardinal features of “Prabhuta Avilamutrata’ which means excessive quantity and increased frequency of urine having turbid appearance. Ancient texts like Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita etc accepted that there are twenty types of Prameha according to Dosha. Charak has explained two different lines of treatment for both Sthula-pramehi and Krisha-pramehi types. Brihan to the Krish Pramehi and Apatarpana in the form of Shodhan and Shamana. The study was carried out to see the effect of Vaman Karma in the management of Prameha. To Study the effect of Vaman Karma in Prameha. A case study of 45 years old male patient with Adhaman, Udar-daha, Amlodgar, Katishula since 4-5 years, was treated with Vaman Karma followed by Ayurvedic drugs. A case recorded and treated in our institute. Significant results were seen in patient. Encouraging results were obtained which are presented in full paper.

Evaluation of Polyalkastyrene Absorbent Beads for the Remediation of PCE in Groundwater

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
M. Venhuis ◽  
S. Lesage ◽  
K.R. Millar ◽  
A.S. Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Reactive Barrier ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract Passive groundwater remediation technologies are increasingly considered because they require very little long-term maintenance and are thus more cost effective than active systems such as pump-and-treat, which require the continuous upkeep of a groundwater pumping system and of an above-ground water treatment plant. Barriers are being installed in the ground to either prevent the flow of contaminated water from one property to another, or to remove the contaminants from the water as it passes through a porous reactive barrier. Absorbents which irreversibly incorporate spilled solvents into their structure have been developed to clean surface spills. This project was aimed at evaluating the performance of the absorbents with dissolved organic contaminants. It was found that while they did sorb aqueous phase compounds, it was through adsorption, not absorption and that it was therefore reversible. As adsorbents, the polymers marketed as Imbiber Beads® and Expandabeads® were not as effective as activated carbon.

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