scholarly journals Bigger is better: Improved nature conservation and economic returns from landscape-level mitigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. e1501021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Kennedy ◽  
Daniela A. Miteva ◽  
Leandro Baumgarten ◽  
Peter L. Hawthorne ◽  
Kei Sochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Forest Code ◽  
State Models ◽  
Landscape Level

Impact mitigation is a primary mechanism on which countries rely to reduce environmental externalities and balance development with conservation. Mitigation policies are transitioning from traditional project-by-project planning to landscape-level planning. Although this larger-scale approach is expected to provide greater conservation benefits at the lowest cost, empirical justification is still scarce. Using commercial sugarcane expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado as a case study, we apply economic and biophysical steady-state models to quantify the benefits of the Brazilian Forest Code (FC) under landscape- and property-level planning. We find that FC compliance imposes small costs to business but can generate significant long-term benefits to nature: supporting 32 (±37) additional species (largely habitat specialists), storing 593,000 to 2,280,000 additional tons of carbon worth $69 million to $265 million ($ pertains to U.S. dollars), and marginally improving surface water quality. Relative to property-level compliance, we find that landscape-level compliance reduces total business costs by $19 million to $35 million per 6-year sugarcane growing cycle while often supporting more species and storing more carbon. Our results demonstrate that landscape-level mitigation provides cost-effective conservation and can be used to promote sustainable development.

Programming Safety Improvements on Pavement Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation Projects

2005 ◽  
Vol 1922 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Grile ◽  
Katharine M. Hunter-Zaworski ◽  
Christopher M. Monsere
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
To Receive

As part of the project planning process, highway agencies must allocate limited funding to a substantial list of projects that exceeds available resources. For preservation projects, a key component of this decision is to determine which projects receive safety improvements and which are “pave only.” Traditionally, this decision has been made project by project, with the possible result of a selection that does not maximize safety benefits. This paper takes a case study approach and applies a new tool developed in NCHRP Report 486, the Resurfacing Safety Resource Allocation Program (RSRAP), to a subset of the Oregon Department of Transportation's (DOT's) highway network. The RSRAP tool maximizes safety improvements for a given set of projects and budget. Thirty-three projects scheduled to receive a new road surface were selected and analyzed with RSRAP. These projects were subdivided into smaller sites to meet the assumptions of RSRAP. Road geometry, traffic volumes, and crash history for each site were collected and input into the program. The type and cost of the safety improvements output by RSRAP were compared with those selected by Oregon DOT. This research determined that RSRAP, which selected more projects for safety improvements than did Oregon DOT, is a tool that could be used by the department to select various safety improvements on pavement preservation projects. It was also determined that the budget used by Oregon DOT was large enough that all cost-effective improvements could be made.

Evaluating the Impacts of Sludge Incineration Using a Risk Based Approach

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Ann E. Farrell ◽  
Bert Michalczyk ◽  
Anaya Nance
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Handling Method ◽  
Sanitary District

The viability of continued sludge incineration at Central Contra Costa Sanitary District wastewater treatment plant is presented as a case study. A risk based approach was utilized to assess the long-term feasibility and cost of continued incineration compared to other available sludge handling methods. Three major tasks were conducted as part of the study: an incinerator capacity evaluation; a risk assessment; and, an evaluation of solids handling technologies. The study focused on toxics most often encountered in sewage incinerator emissions, including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans. The results of the study indicate that continued incineration of sludge is viable for Central Contra Costa Sanitary District, and that the most cost effective solids handling method is incineration using two duty units with backup provided by chemical stabilization. To confirm costs and design criteria, pilot testing of two potential back-up methods is currently being conducted.These methods are chemical stabilization and indirect drying.

InDiPres: a statewide collaborative approach to digital preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Cinda Ann May
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Preservation Solution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collaborative Community

Purpose The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate how cultural memory organizations in Indiana used Library Services Technology Act grant funding as seed money to form a collaborative group to attain an affordable and sustainable digital preservation solution. Design/methodology/approach This case study relates how concern for digital content created across Indiana by an array of cultural memory organizations led to a multi-year quest to establish a community-based, cost-effective, open-source digital preservation solution to address a common problem. Findings Interest in a collaborative community-based digital preservation solution, especially among small- and mid-sized under-resourced organizations, exists across the spectrum of Indiana cultural heritage institutions, but education and commitment are key to the success of a statewide solution. Originality/value While focusing on cultural memory organizations in Indiana, the case study also provides information about the process of establishing a digital preservation collaborative to leverage resources to provide a cost-effective and sustainable long-term solution, particularly for small- to mid-sized institutions.

Cost-effective strategies to conserve boreal forest biodiversity and long-term landscape-level maintenance of habitats

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Mönkkönen ◽  
Pasi Reunanen ◽  
Janne S. Kotiaho ◽  
Artti Juutinen ◽  
Olli-Pekka Tikkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Landscape Level

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Predictive Control Optimization with Varying Term Objectives: A Wind Farm Case Study

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara M. Ionescu ◽  
Constantin F. Caruntu ◽  
Ricardo Cajo ◽  
Mihaela Ghita ◽  
Guillaume Crevecoeur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Efficiency Cost

This paper introduces the incentive of an optimization strategy taking into account short-term and long-term cost objectives. The rationale underlying the methodology presented in this work is that the choice of the cost objectives and their time based interval affect the overall efficiency/cost balance of wide area control systems in general. The problem of cost effective optimization of system output is taken into account in a multi-objective predictive control formulation and applied on a windmill park case study. A strategy is proposed to enable selection of optimality criteria as a function of context conditions of system operating conditions. Long-term economic objectives are included and realistic simulations of a windmill park are performed. The results indicate the global optimal criterium is no longer feasible when long-term economic objectives are introduced. Instead, local sub-optimal solutions are likely to enable long-term energy efficiency in terms of balanced production of energy and costs for distribution and maintenance of a windmill park.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VAMAN IN STHUL MADHUMEHA: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Sushil V Chawre ◽  
Sneha S Kamre ◽  
Prakash R Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Long Term Effect

The study was conducted to evaluate cost effective and convenient treatment for Sthul Madhumeha in Ayurved. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period. This high blood sugar produces the symptoms of frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. Long term effect of Diabetes includes damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. The long-term effects include progressive development of vasculopathy that may lead to renal failure, neuropathy etc. Prevalence of diabetes increased with age and reached at peaked at 60 to 69 years of age followed by declined at 70 years of age in India subjects. Ayurveda describes Prameha as a disease having cardinal features of “Prabhuta Avilamutrata’ which means excessive quantity and increased frequency of urine having turbid appearance. Ancient texts like Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita etc accepted that there are twenty types of Prameha according to Dosha. Charak has explained two different lines of treatment for both Sthula-pramehi and Krisha-pramehi types. Brihan to the Krish Pramehi and Apatarpana in the form of Shodhan and Shamana. The study was carried out to see the effect of Vaman Karma in the management of Prameha. To Study the effect of Vaman Karma in Prameha. A case study of 45 years old male patient with Adhaman, Udar-daha, Amlodgar, Katishula since 4-5 years, was treated with Vaman Karma followed by Ayurvedic drugs. A case recorded and treated in our institute. Significant results were seen in patient. Encouraging results were obtained which are presented in full paper.

scholarly journals Family planning: Smartest investment for achieving the Sustainable Developments Goals for Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wazir ◽  
Yilma Melkamu Alazar ◽  
Bakhtior Kadirov
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

Investing in voluntary family planning services andcommodities is a cost-effective intervention for socioeconomicdevelopment. Every dollar spent on familyplanning results in reductions in child and maternaldeaths, returns in savings in other development areas, andenvironmental benefits. Investments in family planningyield demonstrated social and economic returns in allsectors - food, water, health, and economic development.Our analysis suggests that achieving universal access tocontraception could contribute in the long term toachieving some of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). We applied the Family Planning-SustainableDevelopment Goals (FP-SDGs) Model that quantifies thebenefits voluntary contraceptive use offers for realizing 13of the SDG indicators which are related to 7 out of the 17SDGs Goals. The model unravelling the multi-sectoralbenefits of contraceptive use and shows that familyplanning can accelerate progress across the 7 SDG.Further, it shows that family planning does not onlyempower women to choose the number, timing, andspacing of their pregnancies but also touches on manymultisectoral determinants vital to sustainabledevelopment. We show that in the case of Pakistan,without universal access to family planning andreproductive health, the impact and effectiveness of otherinterventions will be less, will cost more, and will takelonger to achieve. In the end, we put some keyrecommendations to prioritize family planning as one ofthe strategic national development investments.

Caregivers' Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologist Talk About Child Language and Literacy Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni
Keyword(s):  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

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