Total Effluent Treatment and Rinse Water Reclamation in a Semiconductor Device Manufacturing Facility

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 325-336
Author(s):  
Peter S. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rinse Water ◽  
Reclamation System ◽  
System Operating

Case history of a total rinse water reclamation system operating in a semiconductor manufacturing facility. Utilizing the latest technologies, over 90% of the rinse water is purified back to 18 megohm/cm quality for reuse, and the concentrated toxic chemicals are precipitated and disposed of as an insoluble sludge. Based on a maximum rinse water flow of 72,000 gallons per day, the total operating cost is $251. 31/day.

scholarly journals The Kremlin Chemical Cartwheels (From the History of Negotiations on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons)

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-193
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Vital Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Cycle ◽  
Peaceful Development ◽  
Heads Of State

The article deals with the Russian use of toxic chemicals in the territory of Great Britain, which became an irrefutable fact of violation of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. An article refers to the history of agreeing on the Convention and its provisions that was carried out in several stages, particularly in the bilateral Soviet- American negotiations, that Ukrainian diplomats joined as well. The author analyzed the long-term and difficult drafting process of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; investigated the early years of its operation as a significant element of the international security system. He emphasizes that the first years the Convention was functioning clearly indicate that only the political will of the heads of state can choose the direct path of the strict fulfillment of the commitments they have undertaken. Furthermore, the author stresses that Ukraine has never had chemical weapons or related objects, but as an industrialized country it has chemical cycle production, using the dangerous and highly toxic chemicals. Ukraine has a vital interest in the functioning of such a stable international mechanism, that would make the use of these chemicals for the purposes of chemical warfare impossible and would comprehensively promote the peaceful development of the chemical industry. Therefore, in November 2018, during the Fourth Review Conference of Countries that are parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the Ukrainian delegation condemned Russia’s aggressive actions on the uses of chemical weapons in Great Britain and on the cover those who used this weapon in Syria. The delegation also supported the Conference’s resolutions on the improvement of the mechanism of the identification of the perpetrators of chemical attacks. Keywords: chemical weapon, Committee on Disarmament, history of Ukrainian diplomacy.

A Brief History

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-56
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Single System ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
System Operating

In this chapter, the author presents a brief history of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing (CC). They are often interchangeable terms to many people who are not working in the technology industry. Both imply that computers are now responsible for performing job functions that a human used to perform. The two topics are closely aligned; while they are not mutually exclusive, both have distinctive purposes and applications due to their practical, industrial, and commercial appeal as well as their respective challenges amongst academia, engineering, and research communities. To summarise, AI empowers computer systems to be smart (and perhaps smarter than humans). Conversely, CC includes individual technologies that perform specific tasks that facilitate and augment human intelligence. When the benefits of both AI and CC are combined within a single system, operating from the same sets of data and the same real-time variables, they have the potential to enrich humans, society, and our world.

Embedded Actives and Its Industry Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 000382-000387
Author(s):  
Ray Fillion
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Microelectronics Packaging ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Microelectronics Industry ◽  
Component Assembly ◽  
Electrical Reliability

Over the 60 plus year history of microelectronics packaging, electronic devices have been mounted onto an interconnect structure to form a microelectronics circuit. The devices could be bare chips, CSPs or packaged components such as SMT or thru-hole carriers. The interconnect structures could be circuit boards, ceramic substrates or flex circuits. This methodology has enabled a clear divide between the fabrication, assembly and test of the semiconductor device, the fabrication and test of the interconnect structure and the assembly and test of the component/substrate assembly. Over the past decade a new packaging methodology, embedded actives (chips), has been developed that changes all of these industry norms. In an embedded actives packaging approach, one or more bare or chip scale semiconductor devices are embedded within the interconnect structure. Although these approaches have significant electrical performance, size and cost benefits, the normal barriers between chip packaging, substrate fabrication and component assembly are removed. The interconnect structure is not completed prior to component embedding and the embedded component cannot be tested at packaged part level without the interconnect structure. This complicates electrical testing and makes it virtually impossible to differentiate between a defective component, a defective interconnect or a defective component to substrate contact. This paper will look at the history of embedded active developments and go into the various processes and structures being used. It will cover their electrical, reliability and size advantages and will address the revolutionary changes that the microelectronics industry must make to effectively utilize these technologies.

scholarly journals Quality monitoring for a water reclamation system in a mandarin orange canning factory

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (16-18) ◽  
pp. 3138-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yin Chu ◽  
Jian-Chu Chen ◽  
Ji-Guang Hong ◽  
Hai-Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Reclamation System ◽  
Mandarin Orange

scholarly journals William Hayes, 18 January 1913 - 7 January 1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 173-189
Keyword(s):  
Biological Research ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Hammersmith Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Influential Book ◽  
The University ◽  
System Operating

William Hayes, physician, microbiologist and geneticist, made his own special contribution to modem genetics and molecular biology in a manner unlike those of any of his contemporaries. Bill, as he was universally known, was an unlikely candidate for such distinction. It is interesting to speculate on the events which transformed someone likely to have had a distinguished but still traditional medical career into a world renowned scientist who influenced a whole generation of microbiologists and geneticists. He did not come from a family with a history of scientific or academic activities. Nor did he study at the centres of biological research. Moreover, at the beginning of his meteoric rise to eminence, he did not have the support of the scientific elite or access to research resources. It is likely that had he been born 20 years later the originality that he brought to microbial genetics would have been lost to us. Perhaps the situation he found in India during the war and the relative freedom of the research system operating in the United Kingdom in the 1950s ideally suited the talents of Bill Hayes. He was a dedicated experimentalist with a talent for improvisation, and his major contributions were experiments that he did himself, rather than through an assistant or graduate student. He would not have described himself as a leader, although his associates willingly gave him their loyalty and support. Nor would he have thought of himself as having charisma; indeed he was unusually self-effacing. When he gave up experimental work to write his outstanding and extraordinarily influential book, The genetics of bacteria and their viruses (13), he typed the first draft himself. Administration and the power it can provoke were anathema to Bill. Nevertheless, he created, first at Hammersmith Hospital in London and then at the University of Edinburgh, research groups that were the envy of his peers in terms of their productivity and innovation.

scholarly journals Effect of preozonation on wastewater reclamation by the combination of ozonation and soil aquifer treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Echigo ◽  
M. Nakatsuji ◽  
Y. Takabe ◽  
S. Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Soil Aquifer Treatment ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Trace Organic Contaminants ◽  
Reclamation System ◽  
Trace Organic

A series of column experiments and risk evaluation showed that preozonation was a better option to enhance the performance of soil aquifer treatment (SAT) than ozonation after SAT with respect to dissolved organic carbon, trace organic contaminants, and disinfection byproducts. This is a good example to show that upgrading pretreatments can be more effective than adding extra treatments after SAT, and that it is important to optimize a water reclamation system as a whole system.

Single Crystal Epitaxial Growth of β-SiC for Device and Integrated Circuit Applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cvd Growth

ABSTRACTBeta SiC is an important semiconductor whose development has been slowed by synthesis difficulties. The physical and electronic properties which make β-SiC desirable for high speed and high power electronics are discussed, with special emphasis on field effect transistor (FET) applications. A history of synthesis efforts is presented to illuminate the obstacles encountered in the growth of semiconductor device quality P-SiC. A new approach to single crystal epitaxy of β-SiC, using TiC as a substrate, is described. The properties of TiC which make it a uniquely suitable substrate for β-SiC epitaxial growth are discussed, and procedures used to prepare TiC surfaces for β-SiC epitaxy are described. The growth process employed at our laboratory, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), is described, and experimental observations of the effects of the CVD growth environment on β-SiC epitaxial growth are presented. Based on these observations, we propose to synthesize β-SiC in a singlesource reaction, using molecules which decompose directly to SiC units. This contrasts with current approaches, which introduce Si and C separately, in molecules which must decompose and subsequently react to form SiC.

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