History of Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Chemicals

The Kremlin Chemical Cartwheels (From the History of Negotiations on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons)

Diplomatic Ukraine ◽

10.37837/2707-7683-2019-12 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 174-193

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Early Years ◽

Toxic Chemicals ◽

Chemical Weapons ◽

Chemical Weapon ◽

Vital Interest ◽

History Of ◽

Chemical Cycle ◽

Peaceful Development ◽

Heads Of State

The article deals with the Russian use of toxic chemicals in the territory of Great Britain, which became an irrefutable fact of violation of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. An article refers to the history of agreeing on the Convention and its provisions that was carried out in several stages, particularly in the bilateral Soviet- American negotiations, that Ukrainian diplomats joined as well. The author analyzed the long-term and difficult drafting process of the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; investigated the early years of its operation as a significant element of the international security system. He emphasizes that the first years the Convention was functioning clearly indicate that only the political will of the heads of state can choose the direct path of the strict fulfillment of the commitments they have undertaken. Furthermore, the author stresses that Ukraine has never had chemical weapons or related objects, but as an industrialized country it has chemical cycle production, using the dangerous and highly toxic chemicals. Ukraine has a vital interest in the functioning of such a stable international mechanism, that would make the use of these chemicals for the purposes of chemical warfare impossible and would comprehensively promote the peaceful development of the chemical industry. Therefore, in November 2018, during the Fourth Review Conference of Countries that are parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the Ukrainian delegation condemned Russia’s aggressive actions on the uses of chemical weapons in Great Britain and on the cover those who used this weapon in Syria. The delegation also supported the Conference’s resolutions on the improvement of the mechanism of the identification of the perpetrators of chemical attacks. Keywords: chemical weapon, Committee on Disarmament, history of Ukrainian diplomacy.

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Total Effluent Treatment and Rinse Water Reclamation in a Semiconductor Device Manufacturing Facility

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0141 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (2-3) ◽

pp. 325-336

Author(s):

Peter S. Cartwright

Keyword(s):

Semiconductor Device ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Toxic Chemicals ◽

Water Reclamation ◽

Manufacturing Facility ◽

History Of ◽

Rinse Water ◽

Reclamation System ◽

System Operating

Case history of a total rinse water reclamation system operating in a semiconductor manufacturing facility. Utilizing the latest technologies, over 90% of the rinse water is purified back to 18 megohm/cm quality for reuse, and the concentrated toxic chemicals are precipitated and disposed of as an insoluble sludge. Based on a maximum rinse water flow of 72,000 gallons per day, the total operating cost is $251. 31/day.

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The spatialization and temporalization of environmental suffering

Narrative Inquiry ◽

10.1075/ni.18054.sul ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 271-293

Author(s):

Daniel Sullivan ◽

Roman Palitsky ◽

Harrison Schmitt

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Text Analysis ◽

Toxic Chemicals ◽

False Consciousness ◽

Community Members ◽

Disadvantaged Group ◽

Temporal Aspects ◽

History Of ◽

Group Members ◽

Quantitative Text Analysis

Abstract Many people live in circumstances of environmental suffering: exposure to contaminated natural resources and toxic chemicals due to a history of accident or misuse. Environmental suffering is disproportionately experienced by politically, ethnically, and economically disadvantaged group members. An analysis rooted in the concept of false consciousness (Gabel, 1975) suggests that environmental suffering narratives tend toward perspectival distortions. Although narratives from disadvantaged group members may contain defensive distortions, these are warranted by experiences of environmental suffering, and expert narratives also regularly contain distortions. Disadvantaged narratives of environmental suffering tend toward spatializing distortions: emphasizing spatial aspects, objectifying people and agents, and fixating on a tragic past. Advantaged narratives of environmental suffering tend toward temporalizing distortions: emphasizing temporal aspects, refusing to clearly assign blame, and fixating on a “miraculous” future. We present a preliminary supporting study, using quantitative text analysis, of parallel environmental suffering narratives from community members, EPA officials, and other experts.

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