scholarly journals An integrated approach to enhance the desalination process: coupling reverse osmosis process with microbial desalination cells in the UAE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Shivakumar ◽  
Vahid Razaviarani
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Feed Inlet

Abstract The growing need for better sources of fresh water has led to water desalination become a dominant technology in the water industry, especially in arid countries like the UAE. Across the globe, Reverse Osmosis (RO) has become the key method used to desalinate seawater. Due to the high energy requirements of RO desalination, the need to reduce the energy load has become a pertinent area of research. Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) are an emergent technology that show great promise being integrated into the RO desalination process. Studies have shown that a significant portion of the energy utilized in RO desalination could be eliminated by using MDCs as a pretreatment process. In this study, the integration of various MDC types into the pre-treatment process for Reverse Osmosis Desalination were compared and explored. Existing MDC integration setups were briefly explained. Research was split into possible configurations for the integration. This includes optimization of key parameters such as anodic inoculum, feed inlet ratios and accompanying pretreatment processes. The limitations and challenges faced in the integration were investigated and the required future studies aligned with subject was deliberated.

scholarly journals Reverse Osmosis and Membrane Distillation for Desalination of Groundwater: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhausaheb L. Pangarkar ◽  
Mukund G. Sane ◽  
Mahendra Guddad
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Strong Separation ◽  
High Energy Consumption ◽  
By Products ◽  
Disposal Problem

In recent years, the increasing threat to groundwater quality due to human activities has become a matter of great concern. The groundwater quality problems present today are caused by contamination and by overexploitation, or by combination of both, which are faced by many Indian states. Today, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are the leading technology for desalination of groundwater because of their strong separation capabilities and exhibiting a great potential for treatment of waters worldwide. However, the RO process had some problems due to the formation of polarization films because high pressure operation and by-products which may generate bacteria and fouling. Also, high energy consumption and brine disposal problem is faced in RO process due to the limited recovery of water. These problems may be overcome by other membrane thermal process such as a membrane distillation (MD). This paper addresses the outline of RO and MD process for desalination. RO has developed over the past 40 years and MD is an emerging technology for brackish water desalination and yet is not fully implemented in industry. The MD is the better alternative to RO for desalination theoretically found in the literature.

scholarly journals Construction and operation of the MIDES plant

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-136
Author(s):  
Naiara Hernández-Ibáñez ◽  
Juan Arévalo ◽  
Vicente F. Mena ◽  
Victor Monsalvo-Garcia ◽  
Frank Rogalla
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Microbial Desalination Cell ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Different Water Sources

Abstract This chapter presents the construction, operation, and validation of all the MIDES systems, including water pre-treatment, wastewater pre-treatment, the microbial desalination cell (MDC), low-pressure reverse osmosis (RO), and post-treatment (remineralization and disinfection). MIDES technology has been validated with different water sources: brackish water from Demo Site 1, (Racons Brackish Water Desalination Plant (BWDP), located in Denia, Spain) and seawater from Demo Site 2 (Fonsalía Seawater Desalination Plant (SWDP), located in Guía de Isora, Spain). In this chapter, the preparation of both demo sites for the reception and installation of the pilot plants is also presented.

Study of fouling in two-stage reverse osmosis desalination unit operating without an inlet pH adjustment: diagnosis and implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1682-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Touati ◽  
Mehdi Hila ◽  
Kalthoum Makhlouf ◽  
Hamza Elfil
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Desalination

Abstract In the current work, the diagnosis of a reverse osmosis desalination unit is reported. Over the two last decades, the studied desalination unit was supplying a 1,200 bed hotel. The feed water was driven from a well near the sea. The desalination unit has two stages giving an average recovery equal to 81%. The behaviour of all water streams with respect to aggressiveness and scaling tendency was assessed. The second stage reject water was shown to exhibit a very high scaling behaviour with an instantaneous precipitation in the absence of feed water pH adjustment. The analyses have shown that the produced water was very aggressive. The second stage module autopsy has revealed a sharp decrease in the membrane performances because of mineral as well as organic fouling. The inorganic scale was essentially made of coesite, calcite and kaolinite clay. The presence of silica and clay was attributed to an inadequate pre-treatment process, whereas the presence of calcite crystals at the membrane surface reveals that the chemical inhibition performed at the pre-treatment process without adjusting the pH was not able to prevent calcium carbonate precipitation. A periodic acid wash of the second stage membranes is then necessary to guarantee the desired objectives of this stage.

A Case Study of Decentralized Off-Grid Water Treatment Using Reverse Osmosis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Daniel Andrade ◽  
Kyle J. Miller ◽  
Bowen Du ◽  
Joshua Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
High Pressure Pump

Decentralized water treatment consists of a variety of water treatment techniques for dwellings, industrial facilities, homes, and businesses independent of the power grid. According to the United States Geological Survey, brackish groundwater is abundant in the southwestern states including California; hence it can potentially be considered a new source for California’s water portfolio. Most of membrane-based desalination technologies (e.g. reverse osmosis) have high energy demand and cost. Using renewable energy (mostly solar photovoltaics) in concert with membrane-based water desalination can be utilized to develop decentralized and off-grid brackish water desalination systems especially for remote and rural regions. In this paper, the results of a case study on decentralized off-grid brackish water system have been presented and discussed. The system utilizes a high pressure pump that can provide a feed flow rate of 2.2 gpm of at 140 psi. The system is run by solar photovoltaic panels through a battery bank. The results of the study show that the system is capable of treating brackish water at a salt rejection rate of more than 97.5% and a recovery rate up to 80%.

Treatment of RO concentrate from six potable reuse facilities in the southwestern USA with a new photobiological process

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1661-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ikehata ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Harshad V. Kulkarni ◽  
Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ro Concentrate

Abstract In this study, 11 reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate samples from six full-scale potable reuse facilities in the southwestern United States were treated by a new photobiological treatment process using brackish water diatoms at a laboratory scale. While eight out of the 11 RO concentrate samples were successfully treated by the photobiological treatment, the other three samples obtained from the facilities where non-nitrified effluent was used as a source water were unsuitable for the treatment due to high levels of ammonia-N in these samples. As low as 16 mg · L−1 of ammonia-N was found to be inhibitory. Lower pH was found to be undesirable because of lower calcium removal efficiency. Ozone pre-treatment and the presence of antiscalant appeared to have no impact on the photobiological process. This study demonstrated a wider applicability of this photobiological process for the treatment of RO concentrate from potable reuse facilities with different process schemes.

Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
R. Boll ◽  
R. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Components

The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

Vivianite Occurrence and Remediation Techniques in Biosolids Pre-treatment Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Bipin Pathak ◽  
Ahmed Al-Omari ◽  
Scott Smith ◽  
Nicholas Passarelli ◽  
Ryu Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Pre Treatment
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