scholarly journals Characteristics and evaluations of heavy metals content in irrigation water sources of someone suburb farmlands of the lower reaches of Xijiang River in the early busy farming period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Jie ◽  
Liu Xiao-wen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
High Background ◽  
Xijiang River ◽  
Level I

Abstract The problems of heavy metals in irrigation water are related to the management-control of heavy metals risk of farmlands and the safe production of crops. There are various sources of irrigation water in the suburb farmlands of Xijiang River. We investigated the sources and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the irrigation water sources in the riverside and inside-dyke farmlands of Xijiang River. According to correlation analysis, distribution characteristics analysis, single/comprehensive water-quality evaluations of eight heavy metal elements in different irrigation water sources, it was found that nearly 100% of heavy metals were detected in the irrigation water sources in this study. The box plot showed that the average level of cadmium was 0.02 μg·L−1 in this area, and the contents of other elements were mostly in the range of several to dozens of μg·L−1. Most heavy metals were in relatively low concentration level in the irrigation water sources, mercury content level (Quantitative Evaluation Index) was far greater than other elements, followed by arsenic. Arsenic and mercury problems have become more significant problems in local irrigation water sources. Surface water was more likely to be affected by river water and agricultural activities, while groundwater was more likely to be affected by natural causes. The comprehensive water quality evaluation ranged from level I to level III, but the single factor index evaluations of mercury in most water samples and arsenic in two groundwater samples were ‘Inferior’ level. It was suggested that the monitoring of mercury and arsenic (groundwater) in the irrigation water should be strengthened immediately in this area, the disposal measures of farmland water inflow and drainage should be increased if necessary, and reducing the influence of human factors on the natural weathering and leaching of heavy metals is an effective risk avoidance measure in agricultural production in high background regions.

scholarly journals Study of Irrigation Water Quality of Agricultural Projects in Misurata Area, Misurata. Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Yosef Basher Al Sadea ◽  
, Rafallah Mohamed Attya ◽  
Mostafa Ali Benzaghta ◽  
Mohammed Mansour Aljaer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Area Of Study

The groundwater is considered as essential resources for Irrigation in Misurata city, this type of Irrigation suffered to some problems affecting their quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate, a physiochemical and biological parameters of wells water in Misurata Area during the period between November 2016 to December 2018. The area of study about 70 Km distance between Tawarq and Eldafina was divided into eight lines per appendicular to sea cost. Five water sample were taken for each line, in which the distance about 20 Km between each line. The pH, SO4, HCO3, Ca, and D.O were within the permissible levels a according to FAO standard as well as, SAR, RSC, SSP were acceptable while EC, TDS, Cl-, K+ and Mg++, were higher than the standard, moreover, the temperature, was normal in all the samples. The heavy metals values of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were within the standard. In general, the results showed that high values of EC, TDS, Cl-, and Mg++ were the main reasons which lead to the deterioration of water irrigation. Therefore, the water was inadequate for agricultural purpose without any treatment such as desalination to reduce the salinity, Also the results of microbiologic analysis showed a contamination in most sample.

scholarly journals Reclaimed Wastewater Quality Assessment for Irrigation and Its Mid-Time Reuse Effects on Paddy Growth and Yield under Farmer Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Kami Kaboosi ◽  
Reza Esmailnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Many studies have been conducted on irrigation of upland crops with reclaimed wastewater while there have been a few reports about wastewater reuse for paddies. The majority of irrigation water requirement of paddy field in Bandargaz region (Iran) during the dry season within the last 12 years is dependent on effluent of treatment plant. Accordingly, different water parameters and 12 irrigation water quality indexes and economical- environmental filed management factor (fertilizer application rate) and crop growth and yield were studied in freshwater (FW) and wastewater (WW) filelds. Explanation: Unexpectedly, wastewater and freshwater salinity was less and more than the threshold salinity of paddy (2.0 dS.m-1), respectively and due to the high concentration of chlorine, FW is not suitable for irrigation. Based on almost all of indices and standards for assessing irrigation water quality, WW was significantly better than FW. Conclusion: The average concentration of heavy metals in both FW and WW samples were in the order of Cr˂Cd˂Pb˂Ni. However, results showed that concentration of heavy metals in WW was significantly more than FW. Nevertheless, these were below maximum allowable based on international standards and guidelines. The average nitrogen concentration in the reclaimed wastewater was 11.2 mg.lit-1 that was more than the required nitrogen concentration (7 mg.lit-1). So, a dilution strategy could be adopted when reclaimed water is used. No significant difference was observed in two type farms based on plant height, spike length, and 1000-seed weight, but this factor was significantly effective on seed per spike and seed yield so that they were higher in WW irrigated farms by 12.4 and 10 percent, respectively.

scholarly journals Establishment of an Automatic Real-Time Monitoring System for Irrigation Water Quality Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jhan Syu ◽  
Tsun-Kuo Chang ◽  
Shu-Yuan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality

In order to provide the real-time monitoring for identifying the sources of pollution and improving the irrigation water quality management, the integration of continuous automatic sampling techniques and cloud technologies is essential. In this study, we have established an automatic real-time monitoring system for improving the irrigation water quality management, especially for heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Cr. As a part of this work, we have first provided several examples on the basic water quality parameters (e.g., pH and electrical conductance) to demonstrate the capacity of data correction by the smart monitoring system, and then evaluated the trend and variance of water quality parameters for different types of monitoring stations. By doing so, the threshold (to initiate early warming) of different water quality parameters could be dynamically determined by the system, and the authorities could be immediately notified for follow-up actions. We have also provided and discussed the representative results from the real-time automatic monitoring system of heavy metals from different monitoring stations. Finally, we have illustrated the implications of the developed smart monitoring system for ensuring the safety of irrigation water in the near future, including integration with automatic sampling for establishing information exchange platform, estimating fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields, and combining with green technologies for nonpoint source pollution control.

Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Sources of Dehradun, Using Water Quality Indices

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Rakesh Singh ◽  
Prashant Singh ◽  
Rajendra Dobhal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

scholarly journals Irrigation Water Quality—A Contemporary Perspective

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Malakar ◽  
Daniel D. Snow ◽  
Chittaranjan Ray
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Long Term Effects

In the race to enhance agricultural productivity, irrigation will become more dependent on poorly characterized and virtually unmonitored sources of water. Increased use of irrigation water has led to impaired water and soil quality in many areas. Historically, soil salinization and reduced crop productivity have been the primary focus of irrigation water quality. Recently, there is increasing evidence for the occurrence of geogenic contaminants in water. The appearance of trace elements and an increase in the use of wastewater has highlighted the vulnerability and complexities of the composition of irrigation water and its role in ensuring proper crop growth, and long-term food quality. Analytical capabilities of measuring vanishingly small concentrations of biologically-active organic contaminants, including steroid hormones, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, in a variety of irrigation water sources provide the means to evaluate uptake and occurrence in crops but do not resolve questions related to food safety or human health effects. Natural and synthetic nanoparticles are now known to occur in many water sources, potentially altering plant growth and food standard. The rapidly changing quality of irrigation water urgently needs closer attention to understand and predict long-term effects on soils and food crops in an increasingly fresh-water stressed world.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY ON YIELD AND CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN RICE.

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-574
Author(s):  
E.S. Naeem ◽  
Howida El-Habet ◽  
I. M. El Rewainy ◽  
R. A. El Namaky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality

scholarly journals Comprehending the Causes of Presence of Copper and Common Heavy Metals in Sediments of Irrigation Canals in Taiwan

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Shih-Han Huang ◽  
Tien-Chin Chang ◽  
Hui-Chen Chien ◽  
Zih-Sin Wang ◽  
Yen-Chen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Sediment Pollution ◽  
Irrigation Canal ◽  
Irrigation Canals ◽  
Sediment Distribution

In 2019, Taiwan completed its first thorough heavy metal investigation of irrigation canal sediments by this study with the support of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. Box-and-whisker plots were used to analyze the sediment distribution and to define metal concentrations. Possible metal pollution sources, the polluted agricultural land, irrigation area, and water sources were also evaluated using spatial analysis to understand the possible causes of sediment pollution. Results showed that the main heavy metal in agricultural land was Cu, found in 77% of contaminated agricultural land sites. Most sites with Cu pollution in sediments were in Taoyuan City and Changhua County. The heavy metals present in the sediment pollution sites in Taoyuan were consistent with those of possible pollution sources upstream, namely, Cr, Cu, and Pb. The main heavy metals in sediment pollution sites in Changhua were Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, whereas those for the polluted agricultural land sites were Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, without Pb. The main irrigation water sources in Changhua include drainages and rivers, with some receiving most wastewater pollution mass of release of Changhua, and functions as an irrigation water source with a high release mass in Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. These findings indicate that the sites of sediment pollution, sites of polluted agricultural land, and the sources of pollution share corresponding heavy metal characteristics. Therefore, in Changhua, the sediments were polluted mainly because (1) the irrigation canals received the highest masses of pollutant releases into drainage wastewater of the county; and (2) the return flow from irrigation and the illegal discharge of wastewater. The preliminary assessment results for sediment pollution in Taoyuan also suggest that the main causes may be irrigation by polluted rivers or drainages and return flows.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality and risk for human health in Pelengana commune, Segou, Mali

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-621
Author(s):  
Amadou Toure ◽  
Duan Wenbiao ◽  
Zakaria Keita ◽  
Abdramane Dembele ◽  
Elsamoal Elzak Abdalla Elzaki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health

Abstract Water is an indispensable commodity for the survival of all living beings and for their well-being. The objective of this work is to evaluate the level of pollution of different drinking water sources consumed and its link with health in Pelengana commune, Mali. Samples of water were taken from various sources, namely, hand pumps, boreholes, dug wells, and shallow wells for physical, chemical, heavy metals, and bacteriological analyses, using American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard Techniques. Results revealed that the nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−N) values of the water samples from the different water sources had concentrations exceeding the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (US-EPA) regulation of 10 mg/L, as well as World Health Organization Guideline for Drinking Water Quality (WHO GDWQ) (11 mg/L). The same applies to heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Fe, in which, concentrations exceed their allowable limits in certain locations. Moreover, apart from water samples from some different boreholes, total coliform, and Escherichia coli have been detected in all selected water sources, which indicates fecal contamination. In all, there is a pressing need to stop the consumption of drinking water from contaminated sources and to effect appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Temporal Stability ofEscherichia coliConcentrations in Waters of Two Irrigation Ponds in Maryland

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakov Pachepsky ◽  
Rachel Kierzewski ◽  
Matthew Stocker ◽  
Kevin Sellner ◽  
Walter Mulbry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Covariates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Relative Differences

ABSTRACTFecal contamination of water sources is an important water quality issue for agricultural irrigation ponds.Escherichia coliconcentrations are commonly used to evaluate recreational and irrigation water quality. We hypothesized that there may exist temporally stable spatial patterns ofE. coliconcentrations across ponds, meaning that some areas mostly have higher and other areas mostly lower than average concentrations ofE. coli. To test this hypothesis, we sampled two irrigation ponds in Maryland at nodes of spatial grids biweekly during the summer of 2016. Environmental covariates—temperature, turbidity, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorophylla, and nutrients—were measured in conjunction withE. coliconcentrations. Temporal stability was assessed using mean relative differences between measurements in each location and averaged measurements across ponds. Temporally stable spatial patterns ofE. coliconcentrations and the majority of environmental covariates were expressed for both ponds. In the pond interior, larger relative mean differences in chlorophyllacorresponded to smaller mean relative differences inE. coliconcentrations, with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.819. Turbidity and ammonium concentrations were the two other environmental covariates with the largest positive correlations between their location ranks and theE. coliconcentration location ranks. Tenfold differences were found between geometric meanE. coliconcentrations in locations that were consistently high or consistently low. The existence of temporally stable patterns ofE. coliconcentrations can affect the results of microbial water quality assessment in ponds and should be accounted for in microbial water quality monitoring design.IMPORTANCEThe microbial quality of water in irrigation water sources must be assessed to prevent the spread of microbes that can cause disease in humans because of produce consumption. The microbial quality of irrigation water is evaluated based on concentrations ofEscherichia colias the indicator organism. Given the high spatial and temporal variability ofE. coliconcentrations in irrigation water sources, recommendations are needed on where and when samples of water have to be taken for microbial analysis. This work demonstrates the presence of a temporally stable spatial pattern in the distributions ofE. coliconcentrations across irrigation ponds. The ponds studied had zones whereE. coliconcentrations were mostly higher than average and zones where the concentrations were mostly lower than average over the entire observation period, covering the season when water was used for irrigation. Accounting for the existence of such zones will improve the design and implementation of microbial water quality monitoring.

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