scholarly journals Prediction of nitrate concentration in Danube River water by using artificial neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 2119-2132
Author(s):  
Lidija J. Stamenković ◽  
Sanja Mrazovac Kurilić ◽  
Vladanka Presburger Ulniković
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
River Water ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Input Variables

Abstract This paper describes the development of a model based on artificial neural networks (ANN) which aims to predict the concentration of nitrates in river water. Another 26 water quality parameters were also monitored and used as input parameters. The models were trained and tested with data from ten monitoring stations on the Danube River, located in its course through Serbia, for the period from 2011 to 2016. Multilayer perceptron (MLP), standard three-layer network is used to develop models and two input variable selection techniques are used to reduce the number of input variables. The obtained results have shown the ability of ANN to predict the nitrate concentration in both developed models with a value of mean absolute error of 0.53 and 0.42 mg/L for the test data. Also, the application of IVS has contributed to reduce the number of input variables and to increase the performance of the model, especially in the case of variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis where the estimation of multicollinearity among variables and the elimination of excessive variables significantly influenced the prediction abilities of the ANN model, r – 0.91.

scholarly journals Modelling and Prediction of Monthly Global Irradiation Using Different Prediction Models

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2332
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martinez-Castillo ◽  
Gonzalo Astray ◽  
Juan Carlos Mejuto
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Global Irradiation ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Using Data

Different prediction models (multiple linear regression, vector support machines, artificial neural networks and random forests) are applied to model the monthly global irradiation (MGI) from different input variables (latitude, longitude and altitude of meteorological station, month, average temperatures, among others) of different areas of Galicia (Spain). The models were trained, validated and queried using data from three stations, and each best model was checked in two independent stations. The results obtained confirmed that the best methodology is the ANN model which presents the lowest RMSE value in the validation and querying phases 1226 kJ/(m2∙day) and 1136 kJ/(m2∙day), respectively, and predict conveniently for independent stations, 2013 kJ/(m2∙day) and 2094 kJ/(m2∙day), respectively. Given the good results obtained, it is convenient to continue with the design of artificial neural networks applied to the analysis of monthly global irradiation.

scholarly journals Optimized Artificial Neural Networks-Based Methods for Statistical Downscaling of Gridded Precipitation Data

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Salimi ◽  
Jafar Masoompour Samakosh ◽  
Ehsan Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hassanvand ◽  
Amir Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Imperialist Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Satellite Precipitation ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Residual Correction

Precipitation as a key parameter in hydrometeorology and other water-related applications always needs precise methods for assessing and predicting precipitation data. In this study, an effort has been conducted to downscale and evaluate a satellite precipitation estimation (SPE) product using artificial neural networks (ANN), and to impose a residual correction method for five separate daily heavy precipitation events localized over northeast Austria. For the ANN model, a precipitation variable was the chosen output and the inputs were temperature, MODIS cloud optical, and microphysical variables. The particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm,(ICA), and genetic algorithm (GA) were utilized to improve the performance of ANN. Moreover, to examine the efficiency of the networks, the downscaled product was evaluated using 54 rain gauges at a daily timescale. In addition, sensitivity analysis was conducted to obtain the most and least influential input parameters. Among the optimized algorithms for network training used in this study, the performance of the ICA slightly outperformed other algorithms. The best-recorded performance for ICA was on 17 April 2015 with root mean square error (RMSE) = 5.26 mm, mean absolute error (MAE) = 6.06 mm, R2 = 0.67, bias = 0.07 mm. The results showed that the prediction of precipitation was more sensitive to cloud optical thickness (COT). Moreover, the accuracy of the final downscaled satellite precipitation was improved significantly through residual correction algorithms.

scholarly journals Predicting fire resistance ratings of timber structures using artificial neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Tung ◽  
Pham Thanh Hung
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Wooden Floor ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Input Variables

This paper describes a method to predict the fire resistance ratings of the wooden floor assemblies using Artificial Neural Networks. Experimental data collected from the previously published reports were used to train, validate, and test the proposed ANN model. A series of model configurations were examined using different popular training algorithms to obtain the optimal structure for the model. It is shown that the proposed ANN model can successfully predict the fire resistance ratings of the wooden floor assemblies from the input variables with an average absolute error of four percent. Besides, the sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the effects of the separate input parameter on the output. Results from analysis revealed that the fire resistance ratings are sensitive to the change of Applied Load (ALD) and the number of the Ceiling Finish Layer (CFL) input variables. On the other hand, the outputs are less sensitive to a variation of the Joist Type (JTY) parameter. Keywords: artificial neural networks; fire resistance; wooden floor assembly; sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals Modelling Using Machine Learning Models and Prediction of Monthly Global Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Martinez-Castillo ◽  
Gonzalo Astray ◽  
Juan Carlos Mejuto
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Global Irradiation ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Different machine learning models (multiple linear regression, vector support machines, artificial neural networks and random forests) are applied to predict the monthly global irradiation (MGI) from different input variables (latitude, longitude and altitude of meteorological station, month, average temperatures, among others) of different areas of Galicia (Spain). The models were trained, validated and queried using data from three stations, and each best machine model was checked in two independent stations. The results obtained confirmed that the best ML methodology is the ANN model which presents the lowest RMSE value in the validation and querying phases 122.6·10kJ/(m2∙day) and 113.6·10kJ/(m2∙day), respectively, and predict conveniently for independent stations, 201.3·10kJ/(m2∙day) and 209.4·10kJ/(m2∙day), respectively. Given the good results obtained, it is convenient to continue with the design of artificial neural networks applied to the analysis of monthly global irradiation.

Prediction Modeling of PM-10 in Chiangmai City Moat by Using Artificial Neural Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 628-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rati Wongsathan ◽  
Issaravuth Seedadan ◽  
Metawat Kavilkrue
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

A mathematical prediction model has been developed in order to detect particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less (PM-10) that are responsible for adverse health effects because of their ability to cause serious respiratory conditions in areas of high pollution such as Chiang Mai City moat area. The prediction model is based on 3 types of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), including Multi-layer perceptron (MLP-NN), Radial basis function (RBF-NN), and hybrid of RBF and Genetic algorithm (RBF-NN-GA). The model uses 8 input variables to predict PM-10, consisting of 4 air pollution substances ( CO, O3, NO2 and SO2) and 4 meteorological variables related PM-10 (wind speed, temperature, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity). These 3 types of ANN have proved efficient instrument in predicting the PM-10. However, the performance of RBF-NN was superior in comparison with MLP-NN and RBF-NN-GA respectively.

scholarly journals Predicting Sooting Propensity of Oxygenated Fuels Using Artificial Neural Networks

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Abdul Gani Abdul Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Unseen Data ◽  
Learning Capabilities ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Oxygenated Fuels

The self-learning capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs) from large datasets have led to their deployment in the prediction of various physical and chemical phenomena. In the present work, an ANN model was developed to predict the yield sooting index (YSI) of oxygenated fuels using the functional group approach. A total of 265 pure compounds comprising six chemical classes, namely paraffins (n and iso), olefins, naphthenes, aromatics, alcohols, and ethers, were dis-assembled into eight constituent functional groups, namely paraffinic CH3 groups, paraffinic CH2 groups, paraffinic CH groups, olefinic –CH=CH2 groups, naphthenic CH-CH2 groups, aromatic C-CH groups, alcoholic OH groups, and ether O groups. These functional groups, in addition to molecular weight and branching index, were used as inputs to develop the ANN model. A neural network with two hidden layers was used to train the model using the Levenberg–Marquardt (ML) training algorithm. The developed model was tested with 15% of the random unseen data points. A regression coefficient (R2) of 0.99 was obtained when the experimental values were compared with the predicted YSI values from the test set. An average error of 3.4% was obtained, which is less than the experimental uncertainty associated with most reported YSI measurements. The developed model can be used for YSI prediction of hydrocarbon fuels containing alcohol and ether-based oxygenates as additives with a high degree of accuracy.

scholarly journals Use of Nondestructive Testing of Ultrasound and Artificial Neural Networks to Estimate Compressive Strength of Concrete

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Fernando A. N. Silva ◽  
João M. P. Q. Delgado ◽  
Rosely S. Cavalcanti ◽  
António C. Azevedo ◽  
Ana S. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Artificial Neural

The work presents the results of an experimental campaign carried out on concrete elements in order to investigate the potential of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate the compressive strength based on relevant parameters, such as the water–cement ratio, aggregate–cement ratio, age of testing, and percentage cement/metakaolin ratios (5% and 10%). We prepared 162 cylindrical concrete specimens with dimensions of 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm in height and 27 prismatic specimens with cross sections measuring 25 and 50 cm in length, with 9 different concrete mixture proportions. A longitudinal transducer with a frequency of 54 kHz was used to measure the ultrasonic velocities. An ANN model was developed, different ANN configurations were tested and compared to identify the best ANN model. Using this model, it was possible to assess the contribution of each input variable to the compressive strength of the tested concretes. The results indicate an excellent performance of the ANN model developed to predict compressive strength from the input parameters studied, with an average error less than 5%. Together, the water–cement ratio and the percentage of metakaolin were shown to be the most influential factors for the compressive strength value predicted by the developed ANN model.

scholarly journals Artificial Neural Networks, Sequence-to-Sequence LSTMs, and Exogenous Variables as Analytical Tools for NO2 (Air Pollution) Forecasting: A Case Study in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Javier González-Enrique ◽  
Juan Jesús Ruiz-Aguilar ◽  
José Antonio Moscoso-López ◽  
Daniel Urda ◽  
Lipika Deka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Prediction Horizon ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Analytical Tools

This study aims to produce accurate predictions of the NO2 concentrations at a specific station of a monitoring network located in the Bay of Algeciras (Spain). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) were used to create the forecasting models. Additionally, a new prediction method was proposed combining LSTMs using a rolling window scheme with a cross-validation procedure for time series (LSTM-CVT). Two different strategies were followed regarding the input variables: using NO2 from the station or employing NO2 and other pollutants data from any station of the network plus meteorological variables. The ANN and LSTM-CVT exogenous models used lagged datasets of different window sizes. Several feature ranking methods were used to select the top lagged variables and include them in the final exogenous datasets. Prediction horizons of t + 1, t + 4 and t + 8 were employed. The exogenous variables inclusion enhanced the model’s performance, especially for t + 4 (ρ ≈ 0.68 to ρ ≈ 0.74) and t + 8 (ρ ≈ 0.59 to ρ ≈ 0.66). The proposed LSTM-CVT method delivered promising results as the best performing models per prediction horizon employed this new methodology. Additionally, per each parameter combination, it obtained lower error values than ANNs in 85% of the cases.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Mobile Waste-Robot: a Heuristic Method to Path Planning using Artificial Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3902-3910
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Mobile Robotics ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Path Tracking ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Tracking Time

In the field of mobile robotics, path planning is one of the most widely-sought areas of interest due to its nature of complexity, where such issue is also practically evident in the case of mobile robots used for waste disposal purposes. To overcome issues on path planning, researchers have studied various classical and heuristic methods, however, the extent of optimization applicability and accuracy still remain an opportunity for further improvements. This paper presents the exploration of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in characterizing the path planning capability of a mobile waste-robot in order to improve navigational accuracy and path tracking time. The author utilized proximity and sound sensors as input vectors, dual H-bridge Direct Current (DC) motors as target vectors, and trained the ANN model using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Scaled Conjugate (SCG) algorithms. Results revealed that LM was significantly more accurate than SCG algorithm in local path planning with Mean Square Error (MSE) values of 1.75966, 2.67946, and 2.04963, and Regression (R) values of 0.995671, 0.991247, and 0.983187 in training, testing, and validation environments, respectively. Furthermore, based on simulation results, LM was also found to be more accurate and faster than SCG with Pearson R correlation coefficients of rx=.975, nx=6, px=0.001 and ry=.987, ny=6, py=0.000 and path tracking time of 8.47s.

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