scholarly journals Ultrafiltration membranes in managed aquifer recharge systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1534-1545
Author(s):  
K. Hägg ◽  
T. Persson ◽  
O. Söderman ◽  
K. M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Artificial Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract The natural organic matter (NOM) and color content of surface waters are increasingly becoming an issue for artificial groundwater recharge plants. Water from Lake Bolmen, in southern Sweden, had in 2017 an annual average NOM and color content of 8.6 mg/L total organic carbon (TOC) and 57 mg Pt/L respectively, and values ranging from 7.8 to 9.6 mg/L TOC and 50–70 mg Pt/L. Since water from Lake Bolmen will be used at Vomb Water Works, an artificial groundwater recharge plant, the high NOM-content of Lake Bolmen must be reduced prior to aquifer recharge. From experiences of full-scale operations of chemical flocculation, lamella sedimentation and rapid sand filtration using ferric chloride, three different pre-treatment methods were proposed; conventional precipitation, stand-alone direct precipitation before ultrafiltration (UF), and conventional precipitation with ultrafiltration after lamella sedimentation. In this study, a hollow fiber membrane (MWCO of 150 kDa) was used in different configurations during a 15 months pilot trial. The results showed the possibility to reduce NOM equal to conventional precipitation when a stable net-flux of 40 and 70 L/(m2· h) was used for direct precipitation before UF and conventional precipitation with UF, respectively. This paper presents these treatment methods and evaluates their viability as full-scale treatment steps.

scholarly journals Identifying potential sites for artificial groundwater recharge using GIS and AHP techniques: A case study of Erbil basin, Iraq

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omeed H. Al-Kakey ◽  
◽  
Arsalan A. Othman ◽  
Broder J. Merkel ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Artificial Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Thematic Layers

Excessive extraction, uncontrolled withdrawal of groundwater, and unregulated practices have caused severe depletion of groundwater resources in the Erbil basin, Iraq. This situation has had a number of negative consequences on human settlement, agricultural activities, clean water supply, and the environment. Runoff harvesting and artificial groundwater recharge play a significant role in the sustainable management of water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This study aims to: (1) delineate groundwater recharge zones using multiple thematic layers that control the groundwater recharge process, and (2) identify prospective sites and structures to perform artificial groundwater recharge. In order to generate a potential map for groundwater recharge zones, seven thematic layers are considered in this study, namely, topographic position index, geomorphology, lithology, land cover, slope, drainage-length density, and lineament-length density. After that, the analytic hierarchy process was applied to weight, rank, and reclassify these seven thematic layers. All maps are then integrated within the ArcGIS environment for delineating groundwater recharge zones. Accordingly, the resulting map categorizes the study area into five zones: extremely high, high, moderate, low, and extremely low potential for groundwater recharge. As expected, areas along the Greater Zab river show the highest possibility for groundwater recharge. Likewise, rugged eastern hills demonstrate an encouraging capacity for artificial aquifer recharge, whereas the least effective area is represented by built-up land. Based on the generated map, two dams are proposed as promising artificial recharge structures for harvesting runoff water east of Erbil city. Lastly, the resulting map of the potential groundwater recharge zones is verified using static water level data, where the coefficient of determination (R2) achieved a satisfactory result (0.73). These findings provide crucial evidence for implementing a sustainable management plan of surface and groundwater resources. The applied method is eventually valid for regions where appropriate and adequate field data availability is a serious issue.

scholarly journals Source water quality requirements for artificial groundwater recharge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hägg ◽  
S. Chan ◽  
T. Persson ◽  
K. M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Artificial Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Source Water Quality ◽  
Direct Use

Abstract This study was an investigation of the need for pre-treatment of a new raw water source for artificial groundwater recharge. The study was done through a column test, well sampling and survey data relating to 11 artificial recharge plants in Sweden. The column test showed that only 30% of the natural organic matter (NOM) was removed from the new raw water source during infiltration. The survey revealed that the new water source's quality was within the range requiring pre-treatment prior to infiltration. The well sampling results showed a significant correlation between the NOM-content in the raw and treated waters for WTPs without pre-treatment (r = 0.78 and ρ = 0.04), indicating one of the short-term limitations of artificial recharge. The study results indicate that the new raw water source is unsuitable for direct use in artificial recharge and that treatment is required prior to infiltration.

Investigating artificial groundwater recharge to ensure the water supply to the city of Graz

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Tischendorf ◽  
Hans Kupfersberger ◽  
Christian Schilling ◽  
Oliver Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Artificial Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Water Supply Company

Being Austria's fourth largest water-supply company, the Grazer Stadtwerke AG., has ensured the successful water-supply of the Styrian capital with 250.000 inhabitants for many years. The average daily water demand of the area amounts to about 50,000 m3. Approximately 30 % of the total demand is covered by the bulk water supply from the Zentral Wasser Versorgung Hochschwab Süd. The waterworks Friesach and Andritz, which cover the additional 70 % of the water demand, operate by means of artificial groundwater recharge plants where horizontal filter wells serve as drawing shafts. The groundwater recharge systems serve to increase the productivity of the aquifer and to reduce the share of the infiltration from the Mur River. Protection areas have been identified to ensure that the water quality of the aquifer stay at optimal levels. The protection areas are divided into zones indicating various restrictions for usage and planning. Two respective streams serve as the source for the water recharge plants. Different infiltration systems are utilised. Each of the various artificial groundwater recharge systems displays specific advantages and disadvantages in terms of operation as well as maintenance. In order to secure a sustainable drinking water supply the recharge capacity will be increased. Within an experimental setting different mixtures of top soils are investigated with respect to infiltration and retention rates and compared to the characteristics of the existing basins. It can be shown that the current operating sand basin with more than 90% grains in the range between 0.063 and 6.3 mm represents the best combination of infiltration and retention rates. In future experiments the performance of alternative grain size distributions as well as planting the top soil will be tested. Additionally, in order to optimize the additional groundwater recharge structures the composition of the subsurface water regarding its origin is statistically analyzed.

Swine manure biogas production improvement using pre-treatment strategies: lab-scale studies and full-scale application

2021 ◽  
pp. 100716
Author(s):  
Deisi Cristina Tápparo ◽  
Daniela Cândido ◽  
Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz ◽  
Christian Etzkorn ◽  
André Cestonaro do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Pre Treatment

Minimizing of foaming in digesters by pre-treatment of the surplus-sludge

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barjenbruch ◽  
H. Hoffmann ◽  
O. Kopplow ◽  
J. Tränckner
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Instance Reduction ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Hydrophobic Substances ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
The Impact

Several reasons can lead to the emergence of foam in digesting tanks, for instance overloading or the impact of hydrophobic substances. Furthermore, the foaming is in regular periods going together with the emergence of filamentous microorganisms. Up to now, several strategies to avoid foaming have been tested out (for instance reduction of the sludge load in the activated sludge stage, lowering of the sludge level in the digestion tank, dosage of anti foaming agents), but these have been done relatively unsystematically and with more or less success. For our contribution, laboratory-scale digestion tests were run to analyse mechanical and thermal pre-treatment methods for the destruction of the surplus sludge. Whereas the disintegration by a high pressure homogeniser did only achieve a low reduction of the foam phase, the thermal pre-treatment at 121°C made for an effective subduing of the foam emergence. Both methods allowed for a cutting up of the filaments, but only the heating up effected the reduction of the hydrophobic substances; thus, the foaming is possibly caused by them.

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