scholarly journals Effect of biosurfactant as a novel draw solution on photocatalytic treatment and desalination of produced water by different forward osmosis membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Taghizadeh ◽  
Daryoush Yousefi Kebria ◽  
Farhad Qaderi
Keyword(s):  
Produced Water ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Reverse Salt Flux ◽  
Contact Angle Analysis

Abstract Water stress and environmental concerns have driven research into the treatment of produced water. In this study, a combination of forward osmosis and photocatalyst system was used for simultaneous salt removal and treatment of produced water. Furthermore, biosurfactant as a novel draw solution and the three types of forward osmosis membranes (cellulose triacetate with and without titanium dioxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles) were investigated. The morphology and distribution of the TiO2 and TiO2/GO on the membrane surface were assessed by various analyses including field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and contact angle analysis. The results demonstrated that the reverse salt flux was only 0.2 g/m2 h. Moreover, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) removal efficiency in the cellulose triacetate with TiO2 and TiO2/GO membrane under UVC radiation was 62% and 78%, respectively, while the data obtained in visible light reached 80%. The use of TiO2 and TiO2/GO membranes significantly improved the permeability, water flux, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and desalination of produced water.

scholarly journals Comparative Study for Organic and Inorganic Draw Solutions in Forward Osmosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Ahmed Faiq Al-Alalawy ◽  
Talib Rashid Abbas ◽  
Hadeer Kadhim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Reverse Salt Flux

The present work aims to study forward osmosis process using different kinds of draw solutions and membranes. Three types of draw solutions (sodium chloride, sodium formate, and sodium acetate) were used in forward osmosis process to evaluate their effectiveness with respect to water flux and reverse salt flux. Experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell.  Three types of membranes (Thin film composite (TFC), Cellulose acetate (CA), and Cellulose triacetate (CTA)) were used to determine the water flux under osmotic pressure as a driving force. The effect of temperature, draw solution concentration, feed and draw solution flow rate, and membrane types, were studied with respect to water flux. The results showed an increase in water flux with increasing feed temperature and draw solution concentrations In addition, the flux increased with increasing feed flow rate while the flux was inversely proportional with the draw solution flow rate. The results showed that reverse osmosis membranes (TFC and CA) are not suitable for using in FO process due to the relatively obtained low water flux when compared with the flux obtained by forward osmosis membrane (CTA). NaCl draw solution gave higher water flux than other draw solutions and at the same time, revealed higher reverse salt flux.

scholarly journals Fabrication of a novel cyanoethyl cellulose substrate for thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zheng ◽  
Shaoqi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Film Composite ◽  
Thin Film Composite ◽  
Reverse Salt Flux ◽  
Cyanoethyl Cellulose

Abstract In this study, cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) was used as a membrane material, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as pore-forming agent to prepare the substrates for the thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membrane for the first time. The experimental results demonstrate that the properties of the substrates were significantly improved after PVP was added. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that a two-sublayer structure, a fringe-like top sublayer and macrovoids with sponge-like wall bottom sublayer, were formed after the addition of PVP. These improvements contributed to improved membrane performance during FO tests. Meanwhile, after adding PVP, the TFC membranes exhibited good water flux, and excellent specific reverse salt flux. For instance, the TFC-M2 exhibited 9.10/20.67 LMH water flux, 1.35/2.24 gMH reverse salt flux, and 0.15/0.11 g/L specific reverse salt flux in FO/pressure-retarded osmosis mode while using 1 M NaCl as the draw solution and deionized (DI) water as the feed solution.

scholarly journals Activated carbon incorporation on forward osmosis membrane surface for enhanced performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Lakra ◽  
Malini Balakrishnan ◽  
Subhankar Basu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Operation Conditions

Abstract Cellulose triacetate (CTA) is the first-generation forward osmosis (FO) membrane used for desalination. There have been few chemical modifications of the CTA membrane surface. It has improved membrane hydrophilicity, water flux, and salt rejections compared to unmodified CTA membranes. Chitosan containing porous materials as composites resulted in increased pore characteristics. It has motivated to modify the surface of the commercial CTA forward osmosis (FO) membrane by surface coating with chitosan (CS) – powdered activated carbon (AC) mix. The membrane morphology was characterized by SEM, FTIR-ATR, contact angle measurement and AFM. Operation conditions for FO such as the orientation of the membrane active layer, feed and draw solution flow rates, type and concentration of draw salt were optimized with the original CTA membrane. The modified membrane exhibited around two-fold increase in the water flux and reduced reverse salt flux compared to the original CTA membrane. The improved water flux was attributed to the CS-AC coating enhancing water wettability of the membrane surface and the porous AC generating additional water flow channels. Overall, the water flux of the CTA-CS-AC membrane developed in this work was superior to that of CTA and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Enrichment of lithium from salt lake brine by forward osmosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Youjing Zhao ◽  
Hongjun Yang ◽  
Yuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Concentrating Solutions ◽  
Relationship Of

Forward osmosis (FO) is a concentration process based on the natural phenomena of osmosis. It is considered a breakthrough technology that can be potentially used for concentrating solutions and suspensions. The diluted nature of brine restricts the treatment technologies that can be applied. Then, brine concentration by FO could represent a new emerging technology enabling the application of a wider range of treatment alternatives. The performance of concentrated brine depending upon FO membranes was studied at normal temperature and pressure in this research. Cellulose triacetates on radio-frequency-weldable non-woven support (CTA-NW) and a thin-film composite with embedded polyester screen support (TFC-ES) were compared; and their orientations were considered. The brine was from Chaerhan Salt Lake after extracting potassium as the feed solution, NaCl solution or MgCl 2 solution as the draw solution. The results indicated that CTA-NW exhibited better concentration performance than TFC-ES, while the water fluxes of the two membranes were exactly the opposite. In the case of CTA-NW in active layer facing feed solution orientation with MgCl 2 as the draw solution, the concentration factor of Li + was nearly 3.0. Quantitative structure–activity relationship of FO membranes and concentration characteristics was correlated, based on results of SEM, FTIR and contact angles studies. The concentration performance could be mainly attributed to the porosity and the thickness of FO membranes; while the water flux was dependent on the hydrophily of FO membrane surface.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation and Fouling Propensity of Forward Osmosis (FO) Membrane for Reuse of Spent Dialysate

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Chaeyeon Kim ◽  
Chulmin Lee ◽  
Soo Wan Kim ◽  
Chang Seong Kim ◽  
In S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spent Dialysate

The number of chronic renal disease patients has shown a significant increase in recent decades over the globe. Hemodialysis is the most commonly used treatment for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and dominates the global dialysis market. As one of the most water-consuming treatments in medical procedures, hemodialysis has room for improvement in reducing wastewater effluent. In this study, we investigated the technological feasibility of introducing the forward osmosis (FO) process for spent dialysate reuse. A 30 LMH of average water flux has been achieved using a commercial TFC membrane with high water permeability and salt removal. The water flux increased up to 23% with increasing flowrate from 100 mL/min to 500 mL/min. During 1 h spent dialysate treatment, the active layer facing feed solution (AL-FS) mode showed relatively higher flux stability with a 4–6 LMH of water flux reduction while the water flux decreased significantly at the active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) mode with a 10–12 LMH reduction. In the pressure-assisted forward osmosis (PAFO) condition, high reverse salt flux was observed due to membrane deformation. During the membrane filtration process, scaling occurred due to the influence of polyvalent ions remaining on the membrane surface. Membrane fouling exacerbated the flux and was mainly caused by organic substances such as urea and creatinine. The results of this experiment provide an important basis for future research as a preliminary experiment for the introduction of the FO technique to hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Structural investigation and application of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assemblies as osmotic agent for water desalination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasamin Bide ◽  
Marzieh Arab Fashapoyeh ◽  
Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Osmotic Agent

AbstractForward osmosis (FO) process has been extensively considered as a potential technology that could minimize the problems of traditional water desalination processes. Finding an appropriate osmotic agent is an important concern in the FO process. For the first time, a nonionic surfactant-based draw solution was introduced using self-assemblies of Tween 80 and choline chloride. The addition of choline chloride to Tween 80 led to micelles formation with an average diameter of 11.03 nm. The 1H NMR spectra exhibited that all groups of Tween 80 were interacted with choline chloride by hydrogen bond and Van der Waals’ force. The influence of adding choline chloride to Tween 80 and the micellization on its osmotic activity was investigated. Despite the less activity of single components, the average water flux of 14.29 L m‒2 h‒1 was obtained using 0.15 M of Tween 80-choline chloride self-assembly as draw solution in the FO process with DI water feed solution. Moreover, various concentrations of NaCl aqueous solutions were examined as feed solution. This report proposed a possible preparation of nonionic surfactant-based draw solutions using choline chloride additive with enhanced osmotic activities that can establish an innovative field of study in water desalination by the FO process.

scholarly journals Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Ruwaida Abdul Wahid ◽  
Wei Lun Ang ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Daniel James Johnson ◽  
Nidal Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a potential alternative to recover and reuse water and nutrients from agricultural wastewater, such as palm oil mill effluent that consists of 95% water and is rich in nutrients. This study investigated the potential of commercial fertilizers as draw solution (DS) in FDFO to treat anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (An-POME). The process parameters affecting FO were studied and optimized, which were then applied to fertilizer selection based on FO performance and fouling propensity. Six commonly used fertilizers were screened and assessed in terms of pure water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (JS). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), and potassium chloride (KCl) were further evaluated with An-POME. MAP showed the best performance against An-POME, with a high average water flux, low flux decline, the highest performance ratio (PR), and highest water recovery of 5.9% for a 4-h operation. In a 24-h fouling run, the average flux decline and water recovered were 84% and 15%, respectively. Both hydraulic flushing and osmotic backwashing cleaning were able to effectively restore the water flux. The results demonstrated that FDFO using commercial fertilizers has the potential for the treatment of An-POME for water recovery. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to address challenges such as JS and the dilution factor of DS for direct use of fertigation.

scholarly journals The Water Flux Dynamic in a Hybrid Forward Osmosis-Membrane Distillation for Produced Water Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Normi Izati Mat Nawi ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Ganeswaran Anath ◽  
Nik Abdul Hadi Nordin ◽  
Jundika Candra Kurnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Flux Dynamics ◽  
Flux Dynamic ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Hybrid ◽  
Membrane Wetting

Standalone membrane distillation (MD) and forward osmosis (FO) have been considered as promising technologies for produced water treatment. However, standalone MD is still vulnerable to membrane-wetting and scaling problems, while the standalone FO is energy-intensive, since it requires the recovery of the draw solution (DS). Thus, the idea of coupling FO and MD is proposed as a promising combination in which the MD facilitate DS recovery for FO—and FO acts as pretreatment to enhance fouling and wetting-resistance of the MD. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of DS temperature on the dynamic of water flux of a hybrid FO–MD. First, the effect of the DS temperature on the standalone FO and MD was evaluated. Later, the flux dynamics of both units were evaluated when the FO and DS recovery (via MD) was run simultaneously. Results show that an increase in the temperature difference (from 20 to 60 °C) resulted in an increase of the FO and MD fluxes from 11.17 ± 3.85 to 30.17 ± 5.51 L m−2 h−1, and from 0.5 ± 0.75 to 16.08 L m−2 h−1, respectively. For the hybrid FO–MD, either MD or FO could act as the limiting process that dictates the equilibrium flux. Both the concentration and the temperature of DS affected the flux dynamic. When the FO flux was higher than MD flux, DS was diluted, and its temperature decreased; both then lowered the FO flux until reaching an equilibrium (equal FO and MD flux). When FO flux was lower than MD flux, the DS was concentrated which increased the FO flux until reaching the equilibrium. The overall results suggest the importance of temperature and concentration of solutes in the DS in affecting the water flux dynamic hybrid process.

scholarly journals Methane production in an anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor using forward osmosis: Effect of reverse salt flux

2017 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Li ◽  
Youngjin Kim ◽  
Sherub Phuntsho ◽  
Laura Chekli ◽  
Ho Kyong Shon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Salt Flux ◽  
Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Reverse Salt Flux

Inclined forward osmosis module system for fouling control in sustainable produced water treatment using seawater as draw solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 101752
Author(s):  
Shafiq M. Hizam ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Nik Abdul Hadi Nordin ◽  
Nonni Soraya Sambudi ◽  
Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Module System
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