Prominent features of the Augustan aqueduct in the Naples Bay area

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1968-1975
Author(s):  
Wayne Lorenz ◽  
Giacinto Libertini ◽  
Bruno Miccio ◽  
Nino Leone ◽  
Giovanni De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Storage Reservoirs ◽  
Naples Bay ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The great Aqua Augusta served the Naples Bay area with fresh water during the time of the Roman Empire. There are very prominent features of the Aqua Augusta, some that are extraordinary when considering other great aqueducts in the Roman Empire. For example, the deep tunnels allowed access to a spring water source from a separate watershed, which resulted in transbasin diversion of the water supply. Each one of the prominent features was engineered to provide water to the public for various uses. The prominent structures included other shallower tunnels (with two major types of construction), hydraulic chutes, arcades (one to an island), baths (located along a well-traveled road), and storage reservoirs. Also, there is the epigraph discovered at the water source. Important villas that may have influenced the alignment of the aqueduct are also discussed.

scholarly journals WATER MANAGEMENT IN SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES OF VARAŽDIN COUNTY

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 197-217
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The urbanization of settlements and cities and the development of industry increase the need for water, while on the other hand the discharge of wastewater increasingly affects heavier pollution of surface and groundwater, and space in the broader sense. By failing to take appropriate measures and endangering the quality of groundwater and spring water, further degradation of its quality can lead to undesirable consequences on water supply, especially in the lowland area of Varaždin County. It should be borne in mind that for some parts or areas, especially those with dispersed individual construction, wastewater drainage cannot be solved through the public drainage system, but the solution is based on individual, basically personal operations (collecting and septic tanks). In this paper the sanitary protection zones of water supply sources for Varaždin County are described, in accordance with the laws and regulations. The aim of this paper is to provide appropriate instructions or guidelines for their protection and performance in order to minimize the possible negative impact on groundwater or the environment in the broader sense.

scholarly journals Bioinspired water collection methods to supplement water supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2150) ◽  
pp. 20190119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Global Population

Fresh water sustains human life and is vital for human health. Water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise. For some of the poorest countries, 1 in 10 people do not have access to safe and easily accessible water sources. Water consumption by man continues to grow with increasing population. Furthermore, population growth and unsafe industrial practices, as well as climate change, have put strain on ‘clean' water supply in many parts of the world, including the Americas. Current supply of fresh water needs to be supplemented to meet future needs. Living nature provides many lessons for water source. It has evolved species, which can survive in the most arid regions of the world by water collection from fog and condensation in the night. Before the collected water evaporates, species have mechanisms to transport water for storage or consumption. These species possess unique chemistry and structures on or within the body for collection and transport of water. In this paper, an overview of arid desert conditions and water collection from fog, and lessons from living nature for water collection are provided. Data on various bioinspired surfaces for water collection are also presented. Some bioinspired water purification approaches are presented. Next, consumer to military and emergency applications are discussed and water collection projections are presented. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 2)’.

Effects of urgent measures implemented to protect the Kljuc groundwater source

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Radenkovic ◽  
Dj. Boreli-Zdravkovic ◽  
V. Zuber-Radenkovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Morava River ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
The City

The “Kljuc” groundwater source in the alluvion of the Velika Morava River provides water supply for the City of Pozarevac at a rate of roughly 220 l/s. Groundwater is abstracted by means of tube wells which are up to 20 m deep. Since 2000, nitrate concentrations in water at this source had a continuous upward trend. Constant intrusion of groundwater with nitrate concentrations higher than 100 mg/l, mainly from suburbs which have no access to utility services, led to a temporary shutdown of the source in 2006. However, following the construction and commissioning of an infiltration-based protection system, a hydraulic barrier was created which allowed the water source to continue to service the public water supply system. This paper presents the performance of this system during the period from September 2006 to March 2007.

scholarly journals A Water-borne Epidemic of Typhoid Fever

1932 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ritchie ◽  
Edward Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Water District ◽  
Typhoid Carrier ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Water Borne

1. The outbreak of typhoid fever in the Ecclefechan Special Water District affected 55 per 1000 of the inhabitants (primary cases only).2. The evidence available indicated the public water supply as the vehicle of infection.3. A typhoid carrier was found employed in the water-collecting area.4. Examination of the water pipes after excavation showed that surface pollution might gain access to the pipes conveying spring water to the collecting tank.5. Secondary cases were few in number, and so far there is no evidence that foci of infection remain as sequelae of the outbreak.

Aplikasi metode tahanan jenis dalam studi geologi karst Gua Seropan di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Pulung A. Pranantya ◽  
Nurlia Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Initial Exploration

In terms of geology, most areas in south of the Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the existence of underground river in caves, however, indicate the potential amount of water within the area, especially in the eastern part of the Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermen have discovered that Seropan cave contains fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using a multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The isopach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results, i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL. [DY1][PP2][DY1]Perbaiki grammarIn terms of geology, most areas in south of Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the exixtence of underground river in caves, however, indicate potential amount of water within the area especially in eastern part of Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermans has discovered that Seropan cave contain fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The iso pach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL.[PP2]Sudah diperbaiki

USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES OF AZERBAIJAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiz Tagirov ◽  
◽  
Maya Zeynalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Active Temperature

The article examines the problem of fresh water, since in terms of water supply from its own resources per capita and per 1 km2, the republic is 8 times behind Georgia, 2 times behind Armenia. Significant water consumption in Azerbaijan is caused by its arid territory with a predominance of active temperature and a lack of precipitation, which leads to intensive irrigation of crops. At the same time, artificial irrigation is used on 70% of the cultivated land.

Some Experimental Discussion of Accuracies in Quantitative Virus Assessment for Water Supply

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Hisashi Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
Precise Assessment

Chlorination has been believed to be the best sterilization method in water supply engineering for many years. However, the recent carcinogenic problem of trihalomethanes (THM) formed from organic compounds by chlorination requires us to assess the public health risk of THM. The author tried an assessment of a suitable chlorination technique considering both the effects of THM and viruses on human health, using Lake Biwa as a representative example of a water resource in Japan. Statistical handling of data was revealed to be important because of the statistical nature of the data. In other words, since both concentrations are very low in tap water, we need to quantify both the effects and concentrations with probabilities. In the first part of this paper, a statistical procedure and numerical results of the assessment of virus and THM risks are shown. In the second part some results of accuracies in virus experiments are briefly shown. These experiments concerning statistical problems are particularly important for more precise assessment of the public risk of viruses in tap water.

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING IN PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND MONETARY POLICY IN THE FIRST CENTURY AD ROMAN EMPIRE

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oldroyd
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Financial Planning ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence

Previous authors have argued that Roman coinage was used as an instrument of financial control rather than simply as a means for the state to make payments, without assessing the accounting implications. The article reviews the literary and epigraphic evidence of the public expenditure accounts surrounding the Roman monetary system in the first century AD. This area has been neglected by accounting historians. Although the scope of the accounts supports the proposition that they were used for financial control, the impetus for keeping those accounts originally came from the emperor's public expenditure commitments. This suggests that financial control may have been encouraged by the financial planning that arose out of the exigencies of funding public expenditure. In this way these two aspects of monetary policy can be reconciled.

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