scholarly journals Effects of fulvic acid and ferric hydroxide on removal of Fe2+ and Mn2+ by oxidation and aerated/submerged ultrafiltration membrane system

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712-1721
Author(s):  
Turkan Ormanci Acar ◽  
Sevgi Gunes Durak ◽  
Nese Tüfekci

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of fulvic acid (FA) and ferric hydroxide on the Fe2+ and Mn2+ removal by oxidation and aerated/submerged membrane systems. Firstly, the oxidation kinetics of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in the presence of FA and ferric hydroxide are discussed and then the contribution of the oxidation step in membrane experiments is determined. All experiments are conducted with synthetic drinking water and the concentration of contaminants is determined by characterization of two different drinking water sources in the city of Istanbul: Ömerli Dam Lake and Danamandıra Village groundwater. The addition of ferric hydroxide helps to mitigate fouling and enhances the rejection of Mn2+ by up to 90% by developing a secondary filtration layer on the membrane surface which has been considered a challenge in drinking water treatment plants.

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luz Galván ◽  
Angela Magnet ◽  
Fernando Izquierdo ◽  
Soledad Fenoy ◽  
Cristina Rueda ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTRecent studies suggest the involvement of water in the epidemiology ofCyclospora cayetanensisand some microsporidia. A total of 223 samples from four drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and six locations of influence (LI) on four river basins from Madrid, Spain, were analyzed from spring 2008 to winter 2009. Microsporidia were detected in 49% of samples (109/223),Cyclosporaspp. were detected in 9% (20/223), and both parasites were found in 5.4% (12/223) of samples. Human-pathogenic microsporidia were detected, includingEnterocytozoon bieneusi(C, D, and D-like genotypes),Encephalitozoon intestinalis,Encephalitozoon cuniculi(genotypes I and III), andAnncaliia algerae.C. cayetanensiswas identified in 17 of 20 samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows a year-long longitudinal study ofC. cayetanensisin drinking water treatment plants. Additionally, data about the presence and molecular characterization of the human-pathogenic microsporidia in drinking water, wastewater, and locations of influence during 1 year in Spain are shown. It is noteworthy that although the DWTPs and WWTPs studied meet European and national regulations on water sanitary quality, both parasites were found in water samples from these plants, supporting the idea that new and appropriate controls and regulations for drinking water, wastewater, and recreational waters should be proposed to avoid health risks from these pathogens.


2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Driehaus

The reduced German drinking water standard for arsenic of 10 μg/L initiated the development of a new adsorbent, the granular ferric hydroxide. It was introduced into the market in 1997 under the trade name GEH®. 16 drinking water treatment plants for arsenic removal are now using this technique in Germany. The article gives a brief overview over this applications, the design data and the treatment results. This technique requires only small contact times between 3 and 10 minutes, whereas the treatment capacities are up to 250,000 bed volumes. The average treatment costs, including media supply, media exchange service and disposal, are 0.04 EURO per m3 treated water.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4327
Author(s):  
Tomáš Brabenec ◽  
Anna Maroušková ◽  
Tomáš Zoubek ◽  
Martin Filip

From the moment it was first indicated that use of aluminum chloride during purification of drinking water might be one of the triggers of Alzheimer’s disease, it took only a few years to almost abandon this practice worldwide. Now, two years after the initial evidence was presented that the cheapest possible replacement for aluminum chloride (ferric hydroxide, better known as ferrous sludge) significantly threatens soil fertility, there is almost no action. A robust case study was conducted among European drinking water treatment plants. First, it is reported that some samples of ferrous sludge can reduce phosphorus availability by more than 70%. This creates a precondition for a significant reduction in fertility over a decade. Because the legislation usually responds to similar findings with great delay, the extent to which managers of drinking water treatment plants are willing to change process settings by themselves has also been assessed. The findings obtained allow us to expect that a long continuation of this hazardous practice can be expected, since managers of drinking water treatment plants show little willingness to switch from the ongoing questionable technology (harmful to nutrient cycles in soil) to environmentally favorable (though slightly more costly) solutions.


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sorlini ◽  
F. Gialdini ◽  
M. C. Collivignarelli

Arsenic in drinking water causes severe health effects and it is widely diffused in groundwater around the world. This paper presents the results of a survey about the main arsenic removal technologies employed in Italy and the main features in the management of real treatment plants. 19 drinking water treatment plans were involved in this study. The specific aspects analysed in this survey were: type of technologies applied in the drinking water treatment plants (water characteristics, ionic form of As in raw water, etc.), technical aspects (chemical dosage, treatment steps, hydraulic load, retention time, etc.), operational aspects (backwashing, media regeneration, management of residues, etc.) and costs of these technologies. In Italy, the main technologies employed are chemical precipitation (10 plants) and adsorption with granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) (six plants). Two of these plants employ both chemical precipitation and GFH. Moreover, there are some applications of adsorption on titanium dioxide (two plants), reverse osmosis (two plants) and ionic exchange (two plants).


2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
Joanna Świetlik

The paper reports results of the experiments carried out at Fortore (Foggia, South Italy) and Mosina (Poznan, Poland) drinking water treatment plants aimed at DBPs control. Pilot scale GAC filters were installed in both plants in order to assess the efficacy of different kind of GAC for chlorites, NOM and THMs removal. Both pilot plants operated with and without chlorine dioxide pre-disinfection. In Fortore plant, because of free chlorine was added in ClO2 pre‐disinfection solution, THMs formation was evaluated. Results showed an high efficacy of chlorites removal on GAC filters up to 5500 and 10000 bed volumes for mineral and vegetal GAC in Fortore and up to 11000 bed volumes in Mosina. A preliminary characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) dissolved in Fortore raw water was performed as well, in order to confirm its reactivity towards chlorine dioxide. The presence of small molecules (< 500 Da) in Fortore pre‐disinfected water, has resulted in THMs and carboxylic acids formation due a fast reaction with Cl2‐ClO2. GAC columns have shown percentages of removal ranging from 60 to 72% for THMs and ranging from 14.6 to 43% for TOC, so that adsorption represents an essential step for DBPs control. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiami eksperimentu, darytu atliekant DBPs kontrole Fortore (Foggia, Pietu Italija) ir Mosina (Poznan, Lenkija) geriamojo vandens ruošimo irenginiuose, rezultatai. Eksperimentiniai skirtingos rūšies GAC filtrai, skirti chlorido, natūraliu organiniu medžiagu (NOM) ir THMs šalinimo efektyvumui nustatyti, buvo irengti abiejuose vandens ruošimo irenginiuose. Abu eksperimentiniai vandens ruošimo irenginiai veike atlikus pirmini dezinfekavima chloro dioksidu ir dezinfekavimo neatlikus. Fortore vandens ruošimo irenginiuose laisvaji chlora pridedant i ClO2 pirmines dezinfekcijos tirpala, vertinta THMs susidarymas. Iš rezultatu buvo akivaizdu didelis chlorito sulaikymo GAC filtrais efektyvumas Fortore ir Mosina gyvenvietese. Taip pat nustatytos preliminarios NOM, ištirpusiu neapdorotame Fortore vandenyje, charak‐teristikos, taigi patvirtintas reaktyvumas su chloro dioksidu. Mažu molekuliu (<500 Da) buvimas Fortore nedezinfekuotame vandenyje leme THMs ir karboksilines rūgšties susidaryma del greitos reakcijos su Cl2‐ClO2. Tyrimu duomenimis, THMs pašalinta nuo 60 iki 72 %, TOC ‐ nuo 14,6 iki 43 %, taigi ši adsorbcija yra svarbus etapas kontroliuojant DBPs. Резюме В статье представлены результаты экспериментов по осуществлению контроля побочных продуктов дезинфекции на очистных сооружениях питьевой воды в Форторе (Фоджия, Южная Италия) и Мосине (Познань, Польша). Экспериментальные фильтры GAC были установлены на обеих водоочистных установках с целью выявить эффективность разных фильтров GAC, предназначенных для очищения воды от хлорида и других вредных веществ. Обе экспериментальные водоочистные установки действовали с первичной дезинфекцией с применением диоксида хлора и без него. В Форторе, где в водоочистных установках в раствор ClO2 для первичной дезинфекции добавляли свободный хлор, оценивалось образование тригалометана. Результаты показали высокую эффективность очищения от хлоридов фильтрами GAC в Форторе и Мосине. Также установлены предварительные характеристики естественных органических веществ, растворенных в необработанной воде в Форторе. Небольшое количество молекул (< 500 Da) в недезинфицированной воде в Форторе обусловило образование тригалометана и карбоксилановой кислоты в зависимости от скорости реакции с Cl2–ClO2. Фильтры GAC обеспечили 60–72-процентную очистку от тригалометана, а TOC – 14,6–43- процентную очистку. Таким образом, эта адсорбция является важным этапом контроля за побочными продуктами дезинфекции.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial Adib ◽  
Roya Mafigholami ◽  
Hossein Tabeshkia

Abstract The presence of microplastics (MPs), as an emerging pollutant is a growing concern in different water resources. These particles are recognized as less than 5 mm in size. Most of the studies have been carried out in surface waters and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but there are few studies on MPs in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This study investigates these particles in three different conventional DWTPs in the city of Tehran, Iran and aims to analyze these particles down to the size of 1 µm. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized in this study to quantitatively analyze MPs. Accordingly, the average abundance of MPs in raw and treated water samples varied from 1996±268 to 2808±80 MPs L-1 and 971±103 to 1401±86 MPs L-1, respectively. While particles smaller than 10 µm comprised 65-87% of MPs. Moreover, µ-Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize MPs. As the results, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyethylene (PE) were the most abundant identified polymers among MPs comprising more than 53% of particles. Additionally, MPs were categorized as fibers, fragments and spheres. This study fills the knowledge gap of MPs presence in Tehran DWTPs which is of high importance since they supply drinking water for more than 8 million people and investigates the performance of conventional DWTPs in removing MPs.


1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Roberts ◽  
R.B. Hunsinger ◽  
A.H. Vajdic

Abstract The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP), developed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, is an assessment project based on standardized analytical and sampling protocol. This program was recently instituted in response to a series of contaminant occurrences in the St. Clair-Detroit River area of Southwestern Ontario. This paper outlines the details and goals of the program and provides information concerning micro-contaminants in drinking water at seven drinking water treatment plants in Southwestern Ontario.


Author(s):  
Samantha Donovan ◽  
Ariel Jasmine Atkinson ◽  
Natalia Fischer ◽  
Amelia E Taylor ◽  
Johann Kieffer ◽  
...  

PolyDiallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride (PolyDADMAC) is the most commonly used polymer at drinking water treatment plants and has the potential to form nitrosamines, like N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), if free polymer is present...


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