Survey on full-scale drinking water treatment plants for arsenic removal in Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sorlini ◽  
F. Gialdini ◽  
M. C. Collivignarelli
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Ionic Exchange ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Arsenic in drinking water causes severe health effects and it is widely diffused in groundwater around the world. This paper presents the results of a survey about the main arsenic removal technologies employed in Italy and the main features in the management of real treatment plants. 19 drinking water treatment plans were involved in this study. The specific aspects analysed in this survey were: type of technologies applied in the drinking water treatment plants (water characteristics, ionic form of As in raw water, etc.), technical aspects (chemical dosage, treatment steps, hydraulic load, retention time, etc.), operational aspects (backwashing, media regeneration, management of residues, etc.) and costs of these technologies. In Italy, the main technologies employed are chemical precipitation (10 plants) and adsorption with granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) (six plants). Two of these plants employ both chemical precipitation and GFH. Moreover, there are some applications of adsorption on titanium dioxide (two plants), reverse osmosis (two plants) and ionic exchange (two plants).

Arsenic removal - experience with the GEH® process in Germany

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Driehaus
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Granular Ferric Hydroxide

The reduced German drinking water standard for arsenic of 10 μg/L initiated the development of a new adsorbent, the granular ferric hydroxide. It was introduced into the market in 1997 under the trade name GEH®. 16 drinking water treatment plants for arsenic removal are now using this technique in Germany. The article gives a brief overview over this applications, the design data and the treatment results. This technique requires only small contact times between 3 and 10 minutes, whereas the treatment capacities are up to 250,000 bed volumes. The average treatment costs, including media supply, media exchange service and disposal, are 0.04 EURO per m3 treated water.

scholarly journals Residues from Water Precipitation via Ferric Hydroxide Threaten Soil Fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4327
Author(s):  
Tomáš Brabenec ◽  
Anna Maroušková ◽  
Tomáš Zoubek ◽  
Martin Filip
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Ferric Hydroxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The Moment

From the moment it was first indicated that use of aluminum chloride during purification of drinking water might be one of the triggers of Alzheimer’s disease, it took only a few years to almost abandon this practice worldwide. Now, two years after the initial evidence was presented that the cheapest possible replacement for aluminum chloride (ferric hydroxide, better known as ferrous sludge) significantly threatens soil fertility, there is almost no action. A robust case study was conducted among European drinking water treatment plants. First, it is reported that some samples of ferrous sludge can reduce phosphorus availability by more than 70%. This creates a precondition for a significant reduction in fertility over a decade. Because the legislation usually responds to similar findings with great delay, the extent to which managers of drinking water treatment plants are willing to change process settings by themselves has also been assessed. The findings obtained allow us to expect that a long continuation of this hazardous practice can be expected, since managers of drinking water treatment plants show little willingness to switch from the ongoing questionable technology (harmful to nutrient cycles in soil) to environmentally favorable (though slightly more costly) solutions.

Drinking Water Surveillance Program in the St. Clair-Detroit River Area 1985/86

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Roberts ◽  
R.B. Hunsinger ◽  
A.H. Vajdic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Abstract The Drinking Water Surveillance Program (DWSP), developed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, is an assessment project based on standardized analytical and sampling protocol. This program was recently instituted in response to a series of contaminant occurrences in the St. Clair-Detroit River area of Southwestern Ontario. This paper outlines the details and goals of the program and provides information concerning micro-contaminants in drinking water at seven drinking water treatment plants in Southwestern Ontario.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Enables Understanding of PolyDiallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride Composition and N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation During Chloramination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Donovan ◽  
Ariel Jasmine Atkinson ◽  
Natalia Fischer ◽  
Amelia E Taylor ◽  
Johann Kieffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

PolyDiallyldimethyl Ammonium Chloride (PolyDADMAC) is the most commonly used polymer at drinking water treatment plants and has the potential to form nitrosamines, like N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), if free polymer is present...

Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Saint Lawrence River (Canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Aminata Berte ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Bruno Ménard ◽  
Benoît Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Bacterial Indicators ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Annual Risk

A 300-km portion of the Saint Lawrence hydrological basin in the province of Québec (Canada) and 45 water treatment plants were studied. River water used by drinking water treatment plants was analyzed (6-L sample volumes) to determine the level of occurrence of bacterial indicators (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Clostridium perfringens) and pathogens (Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, human enteric viruses). Pathogens and bacterial indicators were found at all sites at a wide range of values. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations between the bacterial indicators and the pathogens. Physicochemical and treatment practices data were collected from most water treatment plants and used to estimate the level of removal of pathogens achieved under cold (0°C-4°C) and warm (20°C-25°C) water temperature conditions. The calculated removal values were then used to estimate the annual risk of Giardia infection using mathematical models and to compare the sites. The estimated range of probability of infection ranged from 0.75 to less than 0.0001 for the populations exposed. Given the numerous assumptions made, the model probably overestimated the annual risk, but it provided comparative data of the efficacy of the water treatment plants and thereby contributes to the protection of public health.Key words: public health, drinking water, health risk, pathogen occurrence.

Characterization of NOM in a drinking water treatment process train with no disinfectant residual

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Baghoth ◽  
M. Dignum ◽  
A. Grefte ◽  
J. Kroesbergen ◽  
G. L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

For drinking water treatment plants that do not use disinfectant residual in the distribution system, it is important to limit availability of easily biodegradable natural organic matter (NOM) fractions which could enhance bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. This can be achieved by optimising the removal of those fractions of interest during treatment; however, this requires a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these NOM components. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and liquid chromatography with online organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) were used to characterize NOM in water samples from one of the two water treatment plants serving Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No disinfectant residual is applied in the distribution system. Fluorescence EEM and LC-OCD were used to track NOM fractions. Whereas fluorescence EEM shows the reduction of humic-like as well as protein-like fluorescence signatures, LC-OCD was able to quantify the changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of five NOM fractions: humic substances, building blocks (hydrolysates of humics), biopolymers, low molecular weight acids and neutrals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document